摘要
本论文是结合某丘陵山区重力式村镇供水管网规划的实际工程而完成的。众所周知,丘陵山区村镇供水管网与一般城市供水管网有很大的区别:第一,丘陵山区重力式供水管网与其水源地面标高相差悬殊,低区管段压力大,爆管问题严重;第二,受山地村镇布局的影响,山地管网延伸远,成环困难,可靠性低;第三,村镇用水量小且不均匀,时变化系数大,增加管网投资。因此,从丘陵山区重力式村镇供水的特点出发,设计出合理、经济、高效运行的管网,降低给水管网的建造和运行费用,成为提高村镇供水企业效益的重要环节。
本文针对丘陵山区重力式村镇供水管网的特点,从多个角度进行了探索和研究。首先对供水管网设计的基础、给水管网的布置及其简化、管网系统的水力分析等进行了深入的研究,研制出适于丘陵山区重力式村镇供水的减压储水调节装置,并对装置的结构、运行方式、容积以及安装位置等进行了系统的研究;其次介绍了给水管网优化设计的现状和背景,论述了给水管网优化设计理论和给水管网的数学模型,提出了以管网总费用年折算值最小为目标,并加入管网供水可靠度为约束,以规划求解的方法优化管网模型。
运用优化模型对四亩地水库集中供水工程管网进行了优化,对比设置减压储水调节装置前后管网的优化结果,确定减压储水调节装置和优化模型的经济效益,具有较强的实用性和经济性,对丘陵山区重力式村镇供水系统优化设计具有一定的指导意义。
This paper is based on a planning project of gravity water supply networks in hilly villages. As we all know, there are much differences between water supply networks in hilly villages and cities. Firstly, the difference of elevation between gravity water supply networks in hilly villages and water sources is very big. The pressure of pipelines in low area is high and the question of tube burst is serious. Secondly, the layout of mountainous villages affects the extension of pipelines and the reliability of it. In addition, it is far difficult into rings. Thirdly, the water consumption of villages and small towns is small and non-uniform. And hourly variation coefficient is big. All of that increases the investment of pipelines. Therefore, thinking into the characteristics of gravity water supply in hilly villages, to design rational, economic and efficient operation of pipe networks can reduce the cost of construction and operation of water supply networks. And it becomes an important link of improving the benefits of water supply enterprises in villages.
In the paper, the characteristics of gravity water supply networks in hilly villages are explored and researched in many ways. First of all, I have researched thoroughly the basis for the design of water supply networks, the layout and simplification of water supply networks and the hydraulic analysis of pipeline system. And the conditioning device of decompression water that is suitable for gravity water supply networks in hilly villages has been designed. Besides, the structures, operation modes, volume and installing location of the device are researched systemically. Next, the present situation and background of optimal design of water supply networks are introduced, as well as the theory of optimal design of water supply networks and the mathematical model of water supply networks are discussed. Taking the discounted value of the minimum annual of the total cost of pipelines as the goal, adding the reliability of water supply networks to the constraint, and the approach to solving and planning to optimize pipelines has been proposed.
Centralized water supply networks in the four acres of land reservoir have been optimized using the optimal model. By contrasting the optimal results of pipelines before and after installing the conditioning device of decompression water, the economic benefits of adjustment devices and optimal models are determined. It is strong practical and economic. And it has some guidance on the optimal design of gravity water supply networks in hilly villages.
引文
[1]安卫.全日制供水系统与节能问题的探讨[J].煤矿现代化,2002,51(6).
[2]白丹.网中水塔树状管网优化设计[J].管网工程理论与实践,1996(9).
[3]白丹等.网前水塔树状管网优化设计研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2004-10, 35(5-6):561-563.
[4]曹国平.给水系统调节水池容积量的可靠性分析[J].基建优化,1996(2):21-23.
[5]陈春芳.基于可靠性的给水管网优化的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2000.
[6]陈琳俐,叶志明,李杰.基于经济流速的管径优化方法[J].上海大学学报,2005,11(2):196~200.
[7]崔振才,郭林华,田文荃.水资源系统模糊优化多维动态规划模型与应用[J].水科学进展,2000,11(2).
[8]杜锐.遗传算法在给水管网优化设计中的应用[D].合肥工业大学,2002(3).
[9]范晓金.发展乡镇供水振兴水利经济[J].浙江水利科技,1999(2).
[10]郝桂珍,刘俊良.山区城市供水管网规划计算应注意的几个问题[J].给水排水,2002(6):21~24.
[11]黄树春.乡镇供水工程最优方案选择探讨[J].中国农村水力水电,2002(3): 33~34.
[12]霍倩,李书全等.城市配水管网优化设计[J].海河水利,2001(2).
[13]姜海波.供水系统的费用函数、理想管径与经济流速[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2004,36(l): 84~86.
[14]金菊良,丁晶.遗传算法及其在水科学中的应用[M].成都:四川大学出版社,2000.
[15]金晓云,俞国平.关于给水管道技术经济计算模型中参数的讨论[J].城市公用事业,2004,18(8):21~22.
[16]李红艳,崔建国,张星全.城市用水量预测模型的优选研究[J].中国给水排水,2004,20(2):41~43.
[17]李建锋.乡镇供水输配水管道设计中的若干问题[J].江西水利科技,2000,Vol.26,No.1.
[18]李水顺.树状管网管径优化的线性规划法[J].农田水利与小水电. 1991,1:31～34.
[19]李兴旺,徐得潜,陈国炜.乡镇输配水工程优化设计方法研究[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,25(3).
[20]李永华.居住小区供水方式能耗与投资分析[J].淮海工学院学报,2001,10(1):63~65.
[21]李远华,严家适.新农村建设需要坚实的农村水利基础[J].中国农村水利水电,2006,1(6):1~3.
[22]李云超.多功能水力控制阀在钢厂供水系统中的应用[J].企业技术开发,2003(3):16～19.
[23]梁惠冰,李梅,谭湘强.供水系统优化调度问题的模拟退火算法探讨[J].给水排水,1999,25(8):30-34.
[24]刘敏南.供水管网水力计算与优化调度[J].水利学报,1995(9):32~39.
[25]刘文朝等.供水工程管网及调节构筑物设计[J].中国水利,2005(17).
[26]刘永淞.枝状给水管网的优化布置与设计[J].化工给排水设计,1998(4).
[27]吕谋,马运莉.给水管网的直接优化设计方法[J].太原理工大学学报,1998,29(3).
[28]吕谋,赵洪宾等.扩建给水管网的直接优化设计方法[J].给水排水,1998,24(7):16~20.
[29]吕谋、张土乔、赵洪宾.给水系统多目标混合实用优化调度的方法[J].中国给水排水,2000,16(11):10~14.
[30]马树升.乡镇供排水[M]..北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999.5.
[31]苗秀荣.城市给水管网的优化布置[J].科技情报开发与经济,2005(5).
[32]沈致和.‘最短树’的多水源给水管网流量分配[J].化工给排水设计,1996(4).
[33]石继,张丰周,魏永暇.图论法用于供水管网水力计算的研究[J].水利学报,1999,(2):49~55.
[34]孙文深,姚仁忠,潘建华.深圳市给水管网水力计算模型的建立[J].给水排水,1999,25(2).
[35]田一梅,李江涛,戴雄奇,李鸿.遗传算法在供水系统优化调度中的应用[J].中国给水排水,2001,17(12):63~65.
[36]汪光焘.城市供水行业2000年技术进步发展规划[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1993,6.
[37]王德仁.给水管网优化计算中经济参数t,p,γ值的确定.中国给水排水,1988,4(6).
[38]王国明,何煌辉.计算高幂次管长的分配流量方法[J].给水排水2000,26(8).
[39]王力.考虑水力条件变化的城市给水管网可靠性分析与研究[M].重庆:重庆大学,2004.
[40]王圃,龙腾锐,王力,李江涛.城市给水管网可靠性分析与应用[J].给水排水,2005,31(6):107~110.
[41]王彤,吴志荣,刘界阳.多水源给水管网的技术经济计算[J].中国给水排水,2005,21(6):56~59.
[42]王小明.村村通自来水民心工程[J].济南:山东水协内刊,2006(3):P4.
[43]王峪忆,俞国平,彭丽娜.关于给水管道技术经济计算模型的讨论[J].给水排水,2001,27(3):46~47.
[44]吴凡松.供水系统调节方式的节能选择[J].中国给水排水,1999(3):34-35.
[45]席少霖,赵凤治.最优化计算方法[M].上海科学技术出版社,1983:1-11.
[46]肖绍雍.试论城镇供水行业面临的机遇与挑战[N].中国水务网.
[47]熊德琪,殷佩海.多阶段系统多目标优化的模糊优选动态规划方法及应用[J].中国工程科学,2000,9.
[48]徐得潜.给水管网流量分配方法的探讨[J].中国给水排水,1993,9(5).
[49]徐得潜.小城镇给水管网设计方法研究[J].华东给水排水,1998(12).
[50]徐金波,刁锋.农村人畜饮水工程设计水平年和时变化系数对工程规模的影响分析[J].山东水利,2004,7.
[51]许刚,张土乔,吕谋,吴小刚.给水管网管径组合优化的极大极小蚁群算法[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2006,38(5):744~746.
[52]严煦世,范瑾初.给水工程(第三版)[M].北京:建筑工业出版社,1996.
[53]严煦世,刘遂庆.给水排水管网系统[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[54]严煦世,赵洪宾.给水管网理论及计算[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1986(12).
[55]颜景协,马安堂.乡镇供水工程设计中应注意的若干问题[J].水利规划与设计,2004(3):32~34.
[56]叶方清,徐得潜,满广生.输水管道优化设计方法研究[J].基建优化,2001(10).
[57]伊学农,任群等.给水排水管网工程设计优化与运行管理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[58]俞国平.给水管网优化设计的新方法-广义简约梯度法[J].给水排水,19985,15~21.
[59]云庆夏等.遗传算法与遗传规划一种搜索寻优技术[D].北京:冶金工业出版社,1997.
[60]曾永年,曾达.农村供水工程树枝状配水管网水力计算简法[J].贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版),200l,30(5).
[61]张丰周等.应用图论和简约梯度法进行压力管网优化设计[J].水利学报,1999, 1:77~81.
[62]张土乔,吕谋,赵洪宾.供水系统优化运行的建模方法研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2000,34(4).
[63]张祥丹.给水管网扩建工程优化设计方法探讨[J].工业用水与废水,2005,36(2):P57~59.
[64]赵洪宾.给水管网系统理论与分析[J].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003(9): 285.
[65]赵新华,田一梅,武福平.城市配水系统优化运行的研究[J].中国给水排水,1992.8 (3):18~22.
[66]郑毅.给水管网调整规划的优化研究[J].中国给水排水,2003,19(7):53~5.
[67]仲伟俊,徐南荣,沈厚才.管网系统改造优化问题的模型及分层分解算法[J].系统工程学报,1994(2):11~19.
[68]仲伟俊,徐南荣.含加压泵站城市供水系统的阶梯优化调度[J].系统工程理论与实践,1998(9):60~68.
[69]周恒良.模糊环境下乡镇供水系统的优化设计方法[D].合肥工业大学,2004.
[70]周建华,赵洪宾.城市给水管网系统所面临的问题及对策[J].中国给水排水,2002(11).
[71]周建华.给水管网系统建模的研究[D].哈尔滨建筑大学,2000.6.
[72]周立宪等.农村中小型给水工程调节构筑物的比较与选择[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2000(3).
[73]邹林,马光文,丁晶.给水管网管径优化设计的遗传算法[J].四川联合大学学报(工程科学版),1998,2(l):l~6.
[74] Augustine O.Esogbue,Maria Theologidu and Kejiao Guo.On the aPPlication of fuzzy sets theory to the oPtimal flood eontrol Problem arising in water resources systems[J].Fuzzy Setsand Systems 48(1992):155~172.
[75] Awumah,K.e.a.EntroPy_based redundancy measures in water distribution networks Hydraulic Engineering[J],1991,117(5):595~614.
[76] Bhave,P.R,Noneom Pute Optimization of Single-Source Networks[J],ASCE,EE4,1987.
[77] Bill Cox and Jerry Rogers,Historical development of the water resources planning and management division of the American soeiety of civil engineers,Environmental and Water Resources History,2002:195~199.
[78] Bogdan Gabrys,Andrzej Bargiela,Nwural nerworks based decision support in presence of uncertainties,journal of hydraulic engineerning [J] .ASCE,1999,125(5):272-280.
[79] Cross Connection,Factory Mutual Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets
[80] D Chase.L Ormebee.Optimal Pump Operation of Water Disrtibution Systems with Multiple Storge Tanks [A].Proceeding of the Americna Water Works Association Computer Specialty Conference[C].USA:Denver CO. 1989:292~309.
[81] Duffle J A,Beckman W A.Solar enginnering of thermal processes Second edition US:Wiley Interscience Publication,2000
[82] EarlE.S.,and Stephen L.S.,Using EPA BASINS to enhance water planning feasibility studies with source water assessments,World Water Congress,2003.
[83] Fu1lerton,T.M.Jr.andA.C.Nava,Short-term water dynamies in Chihuahua City,Mexieo,Water Resour.ReS.,39(9),1258,2003.
[84] Goldberg D E.,Koza J R.Genetic algorithms in pipeline optimization. ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering,1987,1(2): 128-141.
[85] Hanif D,Rajiv T.Enhanced lower bounds for the global optimization of water distribution nnetworks.Water resource researeh[J].Vol:34, No:7,1998: 1831~1841.
[86] J.Pinero,F.Cubillo,New Technologies for Leakage Deteetion and C ontrol,Proeeedings of 20th Water Supply Congress,London,1995,46: 235~241.
[87] Jae Ick Lee,Sung Wook Chun,Soon Ju Kang.Virtual prototyping of PLC-based embedded system using object model of target and behavior model by eonverting RLL-to-state chart directly[J].Joumal of systems Architecture 2002.48: 17~35.
[88] Jain D.A.,Joshi U.C.,Shoort-term water demand forecasting using artificial neural networks:IIT Kanpur experience[A],Prooc.15th international conf.on patern recognition,2000.2:459~462.
[89] J.M.Alonso,F.Alvarruiz,D.Guerrero.Parallel Computing in Water Network Analysis and Leakage MinmiZation.J.Water Resour.Ping.and Mgmt [J].2000 ,126(4):251~260.
[90] Kirkpatric S.,Gelatt C D.,Vevhi Jr M P.,Optimization by simulated annealing.Science,1983,220:45~98.
[91] Margarida F,Cardoso,RomualdoL,Salcedo,Sebastiao F de Azevedo, Non- equililibrium Simulated annealing:A Faster approach to Combinatorial Minimization[J].Ind.Eng.Chen.Res.,1994,33:1908~1918.
[92] Massoud Tabesh,T.T.T.,Riehard Burrows.Extended Period Reliability Analysis of Water Distribution Systems Based on Head Driven Simulation Method.World Water and Environmental Resourccs Congress2001,2001.
[93] Pranad R.Bhave,Calibration water distribution network models,J.Envir. Eng[J].Vol.114,No.1,1988.
[94] SaieD.A.and lters.G.A.genetieal gorithms for least-eostdesign of water distribution networks,J.Water Resour. Plag.and Magmt[J].ASCE.123(2),1997:67~77.
[95] Sheral iH,Smith E.A global optimization approach to a water distribution network design problem.Journal of global optimization,Vol:2,No:2,1997: 107~132.
[96] Simpson A R,L J Murphy,G C Dandy.Pipe network optimization using genetic algorithms,paper presented at ASCE.Water Rosources Planning and Management Conference,Am.Soe.Civ.Eng..Seattle,Wash.,May,1993.
[97] Srinvas M,etal.Adaptive probability of crossover and mutation in genetic algorithms.IEEE.Transactions on system,man and cybernetics[J].1994,26(4).
[98] Walters G,T Lohbck,optimal layout of tree networks using genetic algorithms,Eng. OPt,No:22,1993:47~48.