摘要
本课题选用聚酰胺6(PA6)作为基体,以纳米Ag、锐钛矿型TiO2和多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)为功能性添加材料,采用静电纺丝的方法制备功能性纳米纤维毡。通过对添加剂含量及混合比例的优化组合,使复合纳米纤维毡的力学性能得到很大提升,并获得了良好的抗菌性。在分析了纤维结构与性能的基础上,对静电纺纳米纤维毡/无纺布复合医用口罩的性能做了初步的探索。
纳米添加剂对复合纤维毡的结构与性能的影响:讨论了Ag、TiO2、MWCNT三种纳米添加剂及Ag/TiO2双组分添加剂对纤维形态、结晶结构、热学性能、力学性能的影响,并测试了材料对金黄色葡萄球菌的的抗菌性能。纳米添加材料不同程度地提高了复合纤维的结晶度、热稳定性和力学性能等,尤其是纳米Ag粉体质量分数为1.0%的PA6/Ag复合纳米纤维,在拥有高于纯PA6纳米纤维2倍强度的同时,也表现出了优异的抗菌性能。
纺丝时间对静电纺复合纳米纤维毡的表面性能与透通性的影响:通过控制静电纺丝时间,制备了不同厚度的PA6/Ag纳米纤维毡及静电纺纤维/非织造布复合口罩。随着静电纺丝时间的增加,纤维毡孔隙数目增多,孔径减小,纤维毡的浸润性逐渐增强。在口罩无纺布表面覆盖纺丝时间仅为1分钟的PA6/Ag纳米纤维网,就可以使该复合材料的孔隙面积迅速下降,能够达到阻隔大多数带有病毒的气溶胶的要求并且对复合口罩的透气性影响很小。
In this dissertation, polyamide 6 (PA6) was electrospun into functional nanofiber mats with the additives of Ag, TiO2 nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The mechanical properties of composite nanofibers were improved greatly by changing the content and the mixing proportion of the additives, and the fibers showed excellent antibacterial property meanwhile. The properties of the electrospun nanofibesr/nonwoven composite medical masks were researched after analyzing the structure and properties of the composite nanofibers.
Effects of nano-additives on the structure and properties of the composite nanofiber mats: The morphology, crystal structure, thermal property, mechanical property, and antibacterial property against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria of the composite fibers with the addition of Ag, TiO2, MWCNT and Ag/TiO2 two-component additives respectively were studied. The crystallinity, thermal stability and strength of the fibers were all enhanced with the adding of the nano-additives. Especially at 1wt.% Ag nanoparticles, the PA6/Ag composite nanofibers exhibited excellent antibacterial property, and the strength is higher than twice of the pure PA6 nanofibers.
Effects of electrospinning time on the surface performance and permeability of the nanofiber mats: Prepared PA6/Ag nanofiber mats and nanofibesr/nonwoven composite masks with different thickness via controlling electrospinning time. With the increasing of electrospunning time, the number of pores in the nanofiber mat is increased, while the pore size decreased, so that the surface wettability of fiber mats is enhanced. When the nonwoven mask was covered the nanofibers which electrospun only 1 minute, the average pore area of the composite was small enough to obstruct most of aerosols with virus, and the air permeability was decreased slightly.
引文
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