摘要
本试验旨在研究氨基酸微量元素螯合物替代饲粮中不同比例的无机微量元素,对肉鸡生长性能、血液生化指标以及饲粮养分表观代谢率的影响。选用1日龄广西特快黄鸡(雌性)360只,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。分两个阶段(1-4周、5-9周)饲养,共63天。1组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,其Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn分别用硫酸亚铁、硫酸铜、硫酸锰、氧化锌提供,添加水平分别为,Fe100mg/kg、Cu20mg/kg、Mn120mg/kg、Zn120mg/kg;2、3、4、5组分别用12.5%、25.0%、37.5%和50.0%的蛋氨酸螯合铁、铜、锰、锌替代基础饲粮相应无机元素的25%、50%、75%和100%(1∶2替代):第6组用50%的蛋氨酸螯合铁、铜、锰、锌替代基础饲粮中相应无机盐的50%(1∶1替代)。试验结果表明:
1.与对照组相比,2、3、4、5、6组的1-4周的平均日增重分别提高了1.71%(P＞0.05)、0.61%(P＞0.05)、6.55%(P＜0.05)、1.71%(P＞0.05)和6.06%(P＜0.05),饲料增重比差异不显著(P＞0.05)。5-9周龄的平均日增重和饲料增重比均差异不显著(P＞0.05)。1-9周龄,2、3、4、5、6组的平均日增重与对照组相比,分别提高了0.77%(P＞0.05)、1.62%(P＞0.05)、4.28%(P＞0.05)、0.77%(P＞0.05)和3.11%(P＞0.05),饲料增重比则分别下降了2.65%(P＞0.05)、1.77%(P＞0.05)、1.33%(P＞0.05)、1.33%(P＞0.05)和0.88%(P＞0.05),组间差异均不显著。
2.2、3、4、5、6组饲粮中粗蛋白、粗脂肪和磷的表观代谢率虽比对照组略有提高,但组间差异并不显著,钙的表观代谢率与对照组相比,分别提高了7.15%(P＞0.05)、12.02%(P＞0.05)、18.87%(P＜0.05)、11.82%(P＞0.05)和7.07%(P＞0.05)。
3.各组肉鸡屠宰性能、肉质和免疫器官指数无显著差异(P＞0.05)。
4.各组肉鸡血清中的TP、ALB、Glo、A/G、IgM以及ALP、LDH的酶活性等指标无显著差异(P＞0.05)。
5.微量元素分析结果表明,(1)粪中微量元素,与对照组相比,3、4、5组铜含量显著降低(P＜0.05),4、5组锰含量显著降低(P＜0.05),4组铁含量显著降低(P＜0.05),各试验组锌含量无显著差异;(2)胸肌中微量元素,与对照组相比,3、4、5、6组锌和锰含量显著升高(P＜0.05),各试验组铜和铁的含量无显著差异;(3)肝脏中微量元素,与对照组相比,4、5、6组铁含量显著升高(P＜0.05),铜、锌和锰的含量无显著差异;(4)血清中微量元素,与对照组相比,各试验组铜、锌、锰的含量无显著差异(P＞0.05)。
综合本试验结果认为:在肉鸡生长前期,用氨基酸微量元素螯合物以1∶2比例替代相应无机微量元素是可行的,且以37.5%的氨基酸微量元素螯合物替代75%的无机盐较好,可提高其生长性能,减少环境污染。
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of substituting amino acid trace mineral chelates(AATMC)for different content of inorganic trace minerals(IOTM)in corn-soybean diets on the growth perfomaance,blood biochemical index and dietary nutrient utilization rate for broilers.Three hundred and sixty one-day-old chickens(female)were randomly divided into 6 groups each with 6 replications and 10 per replicate.The experiment lasted 63d with two-phase(1-4week,5-9week).The Fe,Cu,Mn,Zn in diet of group 1 was FeSO_4,CuSO_4,MnSO_4,ZnO,the levels were Fe100mg / kg,Cu20mg / kg,Mn120mg / kg,Zn120mg / kg.Group2,3,4,5 were Substituting 12.5%,25.0%,37.5%and50.0%AATMCfor25%,50%,75%和100% IOTM(1:2)in diets respectively.Group 6 was Substituting 50.0%AATMC for50%IOYM(1:1).The results showed as follows:
1 Compared with group 1,average daily gain(ADG)of group 2,3,4,5,6 in 1-4 weeks periods increased by 1.71%(P＞0.05),0.61%(P＞0.05),6.55% (P＜0.05),1.71%(P＞0.05)and 6.06%(P＜0.05)respectively,and feed conversion ratio(F/G)were not significantly affected among groups(P＞0.05);while there are not significant differences in ADG and F/G among groups(P＞0.05).ADG of group 2,3,4,5,6 in 1-9 weeks periods increased by0.77%(P＞0.05),1.62%(P＞0.05),4.28%(P＞0.05),0.77% (P＞0.05)and 3.11%(P＞0.05),and F/G decreased by 2.65%(P＞0.05), 1.77%(P＞0.05),1.33%(P＞0.05),1.33%(P＞0.05)and0.88%(P＞0.05) respectively compared with group 1,but there were not significant differences among groups.
2 Compared with group 1,the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP),ether extract(EE)and P in group 2,3,4,5,6 tended to increase,but there were not significant differences among groups;the apparent digestibility of Ca increased by 7.15%(P＞0.05),12.02%(P＞0.05),18.87%(P＜0.05), 11.82%(P＞0.05)and 7.07%(P＞0.05)respectively.
3 There were not significant differences among groups in the slaughter performance,the meat quality,the immunity organ indexes of broiler (P＞0.05)
4 There were not significant differences among groups in ALP,LDH,TP, ALB,Glo,A/G and IgM in serum(P＞0.05)
5 The results of the analysis of minerals indicated that,(1)Minerals in feces,There were not significant differences among groups in Zn,While compared with group 1,Cu in group 3,4,5 decreased significantly(P＜0.05), Mn in group 4,5 decreased significantly(P＜0.05)and Fe in group 4 decreased significantly(P＜0.05).(2)Minerals in Brisket,There were not significant differences among groups in Cu and Fe,While Compared with group 1,Zn and Mn in group 3,4,5,6 can increased significantly(P＜0.05). (3)Minerals in liver,There were not significant differences among groups in Cu,Zn and Mn,While Compared with group 1,Fe in group 4,5,6 can increased significantly(P＜0.05)(4)Minerals in serum,There were not significant differences among groups in Cu,Zn and Mn in serum(P＞0.05).
In summary,the results of the experiment indicated that there was feasible in corn-soybean diets for broilers of 1-4 weeks-old substituting amino acid trace mineral chelates(AATMC)for different content of inorganic trace minerals(IOTM),it's favourable to replace 75%IOTM with37.5%AATMC. It can increase the growth performance and decrease the pollution to environment.
引文
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