摘要
野生动物是生物圈的重要组成部分,也是人类共有的宝贵财富。我国是野生动物分布大国,但同时我国也是濒危动物分布大国。野生动物濒危的原因可分为外因和内因,外因多是人为因素造成,而内因主要是遗传衰竭、疾病等。寄生虫的易感染性以及传播方式多样性,使其成为危害野生动物的主要病原之一。全国各地的野生动物保护机构、动物园等为野生动物的生存提供了一定的保障,但将动物聚集在一个特定的空间里,寄生虫感染或交叉感染的机率增大。本课题对野生动物保护和人兽共患病研究具有双方面的意义。
本文对陕西省、青海省野生动物保护机构及野外生存的野生动物进行了肠道寄生虫感染种类及形态的调查。采用生理盐水涂片及碘液染色法,对19种207只／头野生动物的粪便进行检查,并对检出的寄生虫进行数码显微摄片。共鉴定出肠道寄生虫30种,寄生虫总感染率达86.47%。除小熊猫(Ailurus fulgens)、金钱豹(Panthera pardus)外,每种野生动物都不同程度的感染了肠道寄生虫。在所感染的寄生虫中,芽囊原虫(Blastocystis sp.)、阿米巴原虫(Entamoebidae Protozoon)、艾美耳球虫(Eimeria sp.)、鞭虫(Capillaria sp.)、蛔虫(Ascaridiasp.)感染率较高且宿主范围广。寄生虫混合感染统计结果显示：感染1种肠道寄生虫的动物宿主最多,寄生虫混合感染种数与混合感染率呈负相关。本次调查还发现12种人兽共患寄生虫,提示动物饲养员、野外工作者、游客等应注意与野生动物接触的方式。
Wild animals is an important part of the biosphere, also precious wealth of mankind. China has many wild animals, but China also has many endangered wildlife. The reason of endangered wild animals can be divided into the external and internal. External is caused by man-made factors, internal is genetic failure and disease. Parasitic disease two characteristics:easy infectious and transmission diversity, make it become the major disease harm wildlife. The wildlife conservation organization, such as animals zoo provides security for wild animals, but the wild animals will be gathered in a particular space and parasitic infection or cross infection risk increases. This paper has important significance in both wildlife protection and zoonoses research.
Parasitic infection of rare wild animals in a protection institution in Shaanxi and Qinghai Province, China was investigated. Feces of a total of 207 wild lives from 19 different species were examined for intestinal parasites using wet mount smear and iodine staining, and digital micro-photography were taken for positive specimens. Results:A total of 30 species of intestinal parasites were detected; The overall infection rate of parasites was 86.47%; All the wild animals are different degree of infected with the parasite except the Ailurus fulgens and Panthera pardus; In the parasite infection, Blastocystis sp, Entamoebidae Protozoon, Eimeria sp. and Ascaridia sp.were have high rate of infection and extensive host. The parasite mixed infection results showed:Most animals infected with 1 parasite, parasites mixed infection species negatively correlated with mixed infection. The survey also found that 12 zoonoses, suggesting zookeepers, field workers should be paid attention to the contact with wild animals.
引文
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