摘要
近年来，射频识别（RFID）技术受到了广泛的关注和研究。目前相关的研究工作主要以无源RFID系统为对象。专门针对有源RFID系统开展的研究还相对较少。本文以有源RFID系统的主要部件——有源电子标签为对象，对其关键技术进行了系统的研究：应用协处理电路降低有源电子标签能量消耗，开发适用于有源电子标签的防碰撞算法和安全认证协议，设计支持有源电子标签自主获取环境中太阳能的能源管理系统，以及应用有源电子标签对特定物品进行定位等。本文主要的创新性工作如下：
提出了利用协处理电路辅助微控制器工作以降低有源电子标签能耗的方法。协处理电路辅助微控制器进行指令解析和指令合法性判别等工作，使得微控制器可以最大限度处于休眠状态。仿真和实验结果表明，本方法可以降低有源电子标签的能耗。尤其是在多标签应用场合，可以显著降低电子标签的平均能耗。
设计了适用于有源RFID系统的DFSA-RBTS防碰撞算法、ADFSA-RBTS防碰撞算法和以双向认证为核心的安全认证协议。DFSA-RBTS防碰撞算法以电子标签随机产生的Local ID和时隙码Solt为对象，在电子标签参与通信的初始时刻就考虑安全问题，保障了系统在防碰撞过程中的安全性。DFSA-RBTS算法可以获得40%以上的吞吐量。ADFSA-RBTS算法是对DFSA-RBTS算法的改进，并将吞吐量提高了7个百分点。本文所设计的安全认证协议将Hash函数和加密算法相结合，在阅读器与电子标签之间进行双向认证。该协议能够支持有源RFID系统接受来自电子标签的新鲜消息。同时，该协议为系统提供了可以有效抵御常见安全攻击的安全性能。
提出了高性能的应用有源电子标签进行定位的方法。在每次定位操作开始之前，阅读器通过收集每个已知的定位参考标签和已定位标签的测距信息，得到测距误差分布。然后利用这一信息修正测距公式中所选用的环境参数，提高RSSI测距的准确度和稳定度。采用绝对距离与相对距离相结合的算法进行位置坐标计算，提高了定位的精度。
In recent years, radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has attractedwidespread attention and research. The current research work is mainly targeted atpassive RFID system. The research carried out specifically for active RFID system isrelatively rare. In this paper, the main components of the active RFID systems-activetag is the object, and the author carried out a systematic study of its key technologies:applying co-processing circuit to reduce the energy consumption of the active tags,developing anti-collision algorithms and security authentication protocol suitablefor active tag, designing energy management system which can support active tagsindependent access to the solar environment, as well as the applying active tags tolocate specific items. Innovative works in this paper are as follows:
The author proposes the method that can take use of co-processing circuit auxiliarymicrocontroller to reduce the energy consumption of active electronic tags. Theco-processing circuit auxiliary microcontroller can do instruction parsing andcommand legitimacy of discrimination, so that the microcontroller can maximize adormant state. The simulation and experimental results show that this method canobviously reduce the energy consumption of active tags. Especially in a multi-labelapplication, it can significantly reduce the average energy consumption of electronictags.
The author also designs the DFSA-RBTS anti-collision algorithm for active RFIDsystem, ADFSA-RBTS anti-collision algorithm and the security authenticationprotocol of which the mutual authentication is the core. The Local ID randomlygenerated from rag and the slot code Solt are the targets of the DFSA-RBTSanti-collision algorithm, and the algorithm considers security issues in the initial timeinvolved in the communication of the tags, so that the security of the system in theanti-collision process can be guaranteed. DFSA-RBTS algorithm can achieve athroughput of more than40%. ADFSA-RBTS algorithm improves DFSA-RBTSalgorithm, making throughput increase by7percentage. Security authenticationprotocol designed in this paper combines Hash functions and encryption algorithms,makes two-way authentication between the reader and tags. The protocol can supportactive RFID system to receive fresh news from the tags. At the same time, the protocol provides the system with the safety performance that can effectively resistthe common security attacks.
Besides, the author also provides a good method with high performance of usingactive tags to achieve position. Prior to the start of each positioning operation, thereader can obtain ranging error distribution by collecting the ranging information ofeach of the known reference tags and positioned tags. Then we can use theenvironment parameters from this information correction ranging formula to improvethe accuracy and stability of the RSSI ranging. The algorithm of combining theabsolute distance and the relative distance to calculate the position coordinates canapparently improve the accuracy of positioning.
引文
[1] Welbourne, E. Battle, L. Cole, G. et al, Building the Internet of Things UsingRFID: The RFID Ecosystem Experience, Internet Computing, IEEE,2009,13(3):48~55
[2] Harry Stockman, communication by means of reflected power, Proceeding of theIRE,1948,10:1196~1204
[3]王晓华，周晓光，王伟，射频识别（RFID）系统设计，仿真与应用，北京，人民邮电出版社，2008
[4] Hinkka, Ville, Challenges for building RFID tracking systems across the wholesupply chain, International Journal of RF Technologies: Research andApplications,2012,3(3):201~218
[5] Chen, Chin-Ling Chong, Mei-Li, RFID system for public train transportation,Security and Communication Networks,2012,5(6):557~571
[6] Ma, Yi-Wei Lai, Chin-Feng Chia-Cheng, Hu et al, RFID-based seamlessmultimedia services for smart homes, International Journal of Internet ProtocolTechnology,2009,4(4):232~239
[7] Cao, H. Folan, P. Mascolo, J. et al, RFID in product lifecycle management: A casein the automotive industry, International Journal of Computer IntegratedManufacturing,2009,22(7):616~637
[8] Perez J. Seco F. Milanes V. et al, An RFID-Based Intelligent Vehicle SpeedController Using Active Traffic Signals, Sensors,2010,10(6):5872~5887
[9] Oztekin A. Mahdavi F. Erande K. et al., Criticality index analysis based optimalRFID reader placement models for asset tracking, International Journal ofProduction Research,2010,48(9):2679~2698
[10] Yu, Xiuhe Guo, Xitong Feng, Yuqiang et al, A RFID-based collaborative processmanagement approach for real-time food quality management, Advances inInformation Sciences and Service Sciences,2012,4(10):34~43
[11] Reyes, Pedro M. Li, Suhong Visich, John K., Accessing antecedents andoutcomes of RFID implementation in health care, International Journal ofProduction Economics,2012,136(1):137~150
[12]中华人民共和国国务院，国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要（2006-2020），2006
[13]中华人民共和国科学技术部，国家“十一五”科技发展规划，2006
[14] Lopez, Tomas Sanchez Kim, Daeyoung Canepa, Gonzalo Huerta et al,Integrating wireless sensors and RFID tags into energy-efficient and dynamiccontext networks, Computer Journal,2009,52(2):240~267
[15] Du Yongqian Li Xiaoming Dai Li et al, A new type of low power read circuitin EEPROM for UHF RFID, Microelectronics Journal,2012,43(6):364~369
[16] Lee, Kyoung-Su Chun, Jung-Hoon Kwon, Kee-Won, A low power CMOScompatible embedded EEPROM for passive RFID tag, MicroelectronicsJournal,2010,41(10):662~668
[17] Yu Hang Li Yan Jiang Lai et al, A wide range, low power clock and datarecovery scheme for RFID tags, Analog Integrated Circuits and SignalProcessing,2012,71(1):101~106
[18] Bo, Fan Yujie, Dai Xiaoxing, Zhang et al, Low power clock recovery circuit forpassive HF RFID tag, Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing,2009,59(2):207~214
[19] Vo, Duong Huynh-Thai Lee, Jong-Wook Analysis and design of a low powerregulator for a fully integrated HF-band passive RFID tag IC, Analog IntegratedCircuits and Signal Processing,2012,71(1):69~80
[20] Wong, Shu-Yi Chen, Chunhong, Power efficient multi-stage CMOS rectifierdesign for UHF RFID tags, Integration, the VLSI Journal,2011,44(3):242~255
[21] Zou, Zhuo Mendoza, David Sarmiento Wang, Peng et al, A low-power andflexible energy detection IR-UWB receiver for RFID and wireless sensornetworks,IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: RegularPapers,2011,58(7):1470~1482
[22] Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Jose A. Delgado-Restituto, Manuel Masuch, Jens et al,Anultralow-power mixed-signal back end for passive sensor UHF RFIDtransponders, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2012,59(2):1310~1322
[23] Li, Jie Hasan, S. M. Rezaul, A0.7v850w CMOS LNA for UHF RFID reader,Microwave and Optical Technology Letters,2010,52(12):2780~2782
[24] Sheu, Meng-Lieh Tiao, Y.U.-Sheng Fan, Hang-Y.U. et al, Implementation of a2.45GHz passive RFID transponder chip in0.18m CMOS, Journal ofInformation Science and Engineering,2010,26(2):597~610
[25] Suzuki, Kenji Ugajin, Mamoru Harada, Mitsuru,A1-Mbps1.6-A active-RFIDCMOS LSI for the300-MHz frequency band with an all-digital rf transmittingscheme,IEICE Transactions on Electronics,2011,E94~C(6):1084~1090
[26] Chen, Wei Che, Wenyi Yan, Na et al, Ultra-low power truly random numbergenerator for RFID tag, Wireless Personal Communications,2011,59(1):85~94
[27] Ricci, Andrea Grisanti, Matteo De Munari, Ilaria et al,Improved pervasivesensing with RFID: An ultra-low power baseband processor for UHF tags, IEEETransactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems,2009,17(12):1719~1729
[28] Shi, Wanggen Zhuang, Yiqi Li, Xiaoming et al, Design of an ultra-low-powerdigital processor for passive UHF RFID tags, Journal of Semiconductors,2009,30(4):87~90
[29] Lee, Shuenn-Yuh Wang, Liang-Hung Fang, Qiang, A low-power RFID integratedcircuits for intelligent healthcare systems, IEEE Transactions on InformationTechnology in Biomedicine,2010,14(6):1387~1396
[30] Brenk, Daniel Essel, Jochen Heidrich, Juergen et al, Energy-efficient wirelesssensing using a generic ADC sensor interface within a passive multi-standardRFID transponder, IEEE Sensors Journal,2011,11(11):2698~2710
[31] Kim, Yeongkyo Yi, Kyeongil Cho, Sungkyo et al, Design and implementation ofpower management circuit for semi-active RFID tags, Transactions of the KoreanInstitute of Electrical Engineers,2010,59(10):1839~1844
[32] Che, Wenyi Guan, Shuo Wang, Xiao et al, Analysis and design of power efficientsemi-passive RFID tag, Journal of Semiconductors,2010,31(7):144~150
[33] Che, W. Chen, W. Meng, D.et al, Power management unit for battery assistedpassive RFID tag, Electronics Letters,2010,46(8):589~590
[34] Hande, Abhiman Bridgelall, Raj Zoghi, Ben, Vibration energy harvesting fordisaster asset monitoring using active RFID Tags, Proceedings of the IEEE,2010,98(9):1620~1628
[35]王永超，郭瑞，包贵浩等，低功耗有源RFID标签设计与实现，电子测量技术，2010，7：30-33
[36]杨江峰，李勃，郭赞等，超低功耗有源RFID标签的分析与实现，云南民族大学学报，2009，2：187-190
[37] Mohammadpour-Aghdam, Karim Radiom, Soheil Faraji-Dana, Reza et al,Miniaturized RFID/UWB antenna structure that can be optimized for arbitraryinput impedance, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine,2012,54(2):74~87
[38] Tang, Zhi-Jun Zhan, Jie Xi, Zai-Fang, Broadband UHF RFID tag antenna with arectangular-loop feed and additional patches, Microwave and Optical TechnologyLetters,2012,54(5):1234~1236
[39] Abdulhadi, Abdulhadi E. Abhari, Ramesh, Design and experimental evaluationof miniaturized monopole UHF RFID tag antennas, IEEE Antennas and WirelessPropagation Letters,2012,11:248~251
[40] Tang, Zhi-Jun Zhan, Jie He, Yi-Gang, Broadband and size-reduced microstripantenna with double T-feed for UHF RFID tags, Microwave and OpticalTechnology Letters,2011,53(11):2697~2699
[41] Amin, Y. Chen, Q. Tenhunen, H. et al, Performance-optimized quadrate bowtierfid antennas for cost-effective and eco-friendly industrial applications, Progressin Electromagnetics Research,2012,126:49~64
[42] Lu, Jui-Han Zheng, Gao-Ting, Planar broadband tag antenna mounted on themetallic material for uhf rfid system, IEEE Antennas and Wireless PropagationLetters,2011,10:1405~1408
[43] Chen, Horng~Dean Kuo, Shang-Huang Sim, Chow-Yen-Desmond et al,Coupling-feed circularly polarized RFID tag antenna mountable on metallicsurface, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2012,60(5):2166~2174
[44] Serra, Andrea A. Guraliuc, Anda R. Nepa, Paolo et al, Tuning of on-metal UHFRFID inlay tags loaded with a thin magneto-dielectric slab, Microwave andOptical Technology Letters,2012,54(7):1630~1633
[45] Ryoo, Jeongki Choo, Jaeyul Choo, Hosung,Novel UHF RFID tag antenna formetallic foil packages, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2012,60(1):377~379
[46] Yang, Peng H. Li, Yan Jiang, Lijun et al, Compact metallic RFID tag antennaswith a loop-fed method, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2011,59(12):4454~4462
[47] Yang, Rong Wang, Gang, A novel UHF RFID tag antenna for cigarette carton,Open Electrical and Electronic Engineering Journal,2011,5(1):37~40
[48] Jeong, Seung-Hwan Son, Hae-Won, UHF RFID tag antenna for embedded use ina concrete floor, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2011,10:1158~1161
[49] Kellomaki, Tiiti, On-body performance of a wearable single-layer RFID tag,IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2012,11:73~76
[50] Ziai, Mohamed Ali Batchelor, John C., Temporary on-skin passive UHF RFIDtransfer tag, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2011,59(10):3565~3571
[51] Virtanen, J. Virkki, J. Elsherbeni, A.Z. et al, A selective ink deposition methodfor the cost-performance optimization of inkjet-printed UHF RFID tag antennas,International Journal of Antennas and Propagation,2012
[52] Pongpaibool, Pornanong Jantarachote, Vasan Siwamogsatham, Siwaruk, Anoptimization study on cost-efficient dipole and bow-tie antenna designs forprinted UHF RFID, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters,2011,53(11):2676~2679
[53] Kim, Yoonhyun Lee, Byoungyoon Yang, Seungnam, Use of copper ink forfabricating conductive electrodes and RFID antenna tags by screen printing,Current Applied Physics,2012,12(2):473~478
[54] Pranonsatit, Suneat Worasawate, Denchai Sritanavut, Parichart, Affordableink-jet printed antennas for RFID applications, IEEE Transactions onComponents, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology,2012,2(5):878~883
[55] Ramade, Camille Silvestre, Sebastien Pascal-Delannoy, Frederique et al,Thin film HF RFID tag deposited on paper by thermal evaporation, InternationalJournal of Radio Frequency Identification Technology and Applications,2012,4(1):49~66
[56] Grilo, M. Arnold, F.J. Goncalves, M.S. et al, Novel dual-band RFID antennaconfiguration with independent tuning adjustment, Microwave and OpticalTechnology Letters,2012,54(9):2214~2217
[57] Kim, Dongho Yeo, Junho, Dual-band long-range passive RFID tag antenna usingan AMC ground plane, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2012,60(6):2620~2626
[58] Yu, Jay J. Lim, Sungkyun, Design of an electrically small, circularly polarized,parasitic array antenna for an active433.92-MHz RFID handheld reader, IEEETransactions on Antennas and Propagation,2012,60(5):2549~2554
[59] Lin, Yi-Fang Wang, Yang-Kai Chen, Hua-Ming et al, Circularly polarizedcrossed dipole antenna with phase delay lines for RFID handheld reader, IEEETransactions on Antennas and Propagation,2012,60(3):1221~1227
[60] Jung, Youn-Kwon Lee, Bomson, Dual-band circularly polarized microstrip RFIDreader antenna using metamaterial branch-line coupler, IEEE Transactions onAntennas and Propagation,2012,60(2):786~791
[61] Eom, Jun-Bong Lee, Tae-Jin, Performance analysis of RFID tag anti-collisionprotocols with channel error, IEICE Transactions on Communications,2011,E94~B(6):1761~1764
[62] Zanella, Andrea, Estimating collision set size in Framed Slotted Aloha wirelessnetworks and RFID systems, IEEE Communications Letters,2012,16(3):300~303
[63]李萌，钱志鸿，张旭等，基于时隙预测的RFID防碰撞ALOHA算法，通信学报，2011，32（12）：43~50
[64] Wu, Haifeng Zeng, Yu, Efficient framed slotted aloha protocol for RFID taganticollision, IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering,2011,8(3):581~588
[65] Park, Jongho Lee, Tae-Jin, Error resilient estimation and adaptive binaryselection for fast and reliable identification of RFID tags in error-prone Channel,IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,2012,11(6):959~969
[66] Sung, Jongwoo Kim, Daeyoung Kim, Taehong et al, Heuristic query treeprotocol: Use of known tags for RFID tag anti~collision, IEICE Transactions onCommunications,2012,E95~B(2):603~606
[67] Park, Jongho Lee, Tae-Jin, Error resilient estimation and adaptive binaryselection for fast and reliable identification of RFID tags in error-prone Channel,IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,2012,11(6):959~969
[68]栗华，贾智平，王洪君等，基于动态位隙分组盲分离的UHF RFID防碰撞算法，2012，33（4）：47~53
[69] Nielsen, Karsten Jacobsen, Rasmus M. Popovski, Petar, Fast capturerecaptureapproach for mitigating the problem of missing RFID tags, IEEE Transactions onMobile Computing,2012,11(3):518~528
[70] Guo, Hongbo Leung, Victor C. M. Bolic, Miodrag, M-ary RFID tags splittingwith small idle slots, IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering,2012,9(1):177~181
[71] Vales-Alonso, Javier Bueno-Delgado, Victoria Egea-Lopez, Esteban et al,Multiframe maximum-likelihood tag estimation for RFID anticollision protocols,IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2011,7(3):487~496
[72] Sun, Qunying Zhang, Hongjian Mo, Lingfei, Dual-reader wireless protocols fordense active RFID identification, International Journal of CommunicationSystems,2012,24(11):1431~1444
[73] Yoon, Won-Ju Chung, Sang-Hwa Shin, Dong-Chul, Performance improvementof tag collection in active RFID systems based on ISO/IEC18000-7, IEICETransactions on Communications,2011,E94~B(7):2062~2073
[74] Yoon, Wonyong Vaidya, Nitin H., RFID reader collision problem: Performanceanalysis and medium access, Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing,2012,12(5):420~430
[75] Su, Haoru An, Sunshin, Multi-dimensional channel management mechanism toavoid reader collision in dense RFID networks, IEICE Transactions onInformation and Systems,2011,E94~D(11):2280~2283
[76] Reza, Ahmed Wasif Geok, Tan Kim Chia, Kiew Joh et al, RFID transpondercollision control algorithm, Wireless Personal Communications,2011,59(4):689~711
[77] Gandino, Filippo Ferrero, Renato Montrucchio, Bartolomeo etc, ProbabilisticDCS: An RFID reader-to-reader anti-collision protocol, Journal of Network andComputer Applications,2011,34(3):821~832
[78] Huang, Yu-Jung Lin, Wei-Cheng Li, Hung-Lin, Efficient implementation ofRFID mutual authentication protocol, IEEE Transactions on IndustrialElectronics,2012,59(12):4784~4791
[79] Conti, Mauro di Pietro, Roberto Mancini, Luigi V. et al, eRIPP-FS: Enforcingprivacy and security in RFID, Security and Communication Networks,2010,3(1):58~70
[80] Yu, Songsen Yun, Peng, The RFID mechanism design based on CDMA and hashfunction, International Journal of Radio Frequency Identification Technology andApplications,2011,3(4):285~293
[81] Jialiang, He Dantong, Ouyang Xi, Zhu et al, Lightweight encryption functionstructure protection of RFID security protocol, Advances in Information Sciencesand Service Sciences,2012,4(7):155~162
[82] Batina, Lejla Lee, Yong Ki Seys, Stefaan et al, Extending ECC-based RFIDauthentication protocols to privacy-preserving multi-party grouping proofs,Personal and Ubiquitous Computing,2012,16(3):323~335
[83] Tian, Yun Chen, Gongliang Li, Jianhua, A new ultralightweight RFIDauthentication protocol with permutation, IEEE Communications Letters,2012,16(5):702~705
[84] Jialiang, He Dantong, Ouyang Tian, Bai et al, A lightweight RFID authenticationprotocol for mobile reader, International Journal of Digital Content Technologyand its Applications,2012,6(6):80~88
[85] Yeh, Kuo-Hui Lo, Nai-Wei Li, Yingjiu et al, New findings on RFIDauthentication schemes against de-synchronization attack, International Journalof Innovative Computing, Information and Control,2012,8(7):4431~4449
[86] Lu, Li Han, Jinsong Hu, Lei et al, Dynamic key-updating: Privacy-preservingauthentication for RFID systems, International Journal of Distributed SensorNetworks,2012:1~12
[87] Lin, Iuon-Chang Hsu, Hung-Huei, A secure rfid authentication and ownershiptransfer protocol in serverless environment, ICIC Express Letters,2012,6(6):1429~1433
[88] Luo, Jia Ning Yang, Ming Hour, Mobile RFID mutual authentication andownership transfer, International Journal of Advancements in ComputingTechnology,2012,4(7):28~40
[89] Phan, Raphael C.-W. Wu, Jiang Ouafi, Khaled et al, Privacy analysis of forwardand backward untraceable RFID authentication schemes, Wireless PersonalCommunications,2011,61(1):69~81
[90]马昌社，前向隐私安全的低成本RFID认证协议，计算机学报，2011，34（8）：1387~1398
[91] Cho, Jung-Sik Yeo, Sang-Soo Kim, Sung Kwon, Securing against brute-forceattack: A hash-based RFID mutual authentication protocol using a secret value,Computer Communications,2011,34(3):391~397
[92] Duc, Dang Nguyen Kim, Kwangjo, Defending RFID authentication protocolsagainst DoS attacks, Computer Communications,2011,34(3):384~390
[93] Nativi, Juan Jose Lee, Seokcheon, Impact of RFID information-sharingstrategies on a decentralized supply chain with reverse logistics operations,International Journal of Production Economics,2012,136(2):366~377
[94] Quetti, Cristina Pigni, Federico Clerici, Alessandro, Factors affecting RFIDadoption in a vertical supply chain: The case of the silk industry in Italy,Production Planning and Control,2012,23(4):315~331
[95] Zhou, Wei Piramuthu, Selwyn, Manufacturing with item-level RFID information:From macro to micro quality control, International Journal of ProductionEconomics,2012,135(2):929~938
[96] Bertolini, Massimo Bottani, Eleonora Ferretti, Gino, Analysis of therequirements of RFID tags for efficient fashion supply chain management,International Journal of RF Technologies: Research and Applications,2012,3(1):39~65
[97] Ferrer, Geraldo Heath, Susan K. Dew, Nicholas, An RFID application in largejob shop remanufacturing operations, International Journal of ProductionEconomics,2011,133(2):612~621
[98] Gnoni, Maria Grazia Elia, Valerio Rollo, Alessandra, RFID technology for anintelligent public transport network management, International Journal of RFTechnologies: Research and Applications,2012,3(1):1~13
[99] Katayama, Minoru Nakada, Hiroshi Hayashi, Hitoshi et al, Survey of RFID andits application to international ocean/air container tracking, IEICE Transactionson Communications,2012,E95-B(3):773~793
[100] Ga-Escribano, Javier De Dios, Juan J. Pastor, Jose Manuel et al, Improvementin the tracking of special loads by using a three-level RFID system, InternationalJournal of RF Technologies: Research and Applications,2012,3(3):181~199
[101] Karime, Ali Hossain, M.Anwar Rahman, A.S.M.Mahfujur et al, RFID-basedinteractive multimedia system for the children, Multimedia Tools andApplications,2012,59(3):749~774
[102] Huang, Yo-Ping Chang, Yueh-Tsun Sandnes, Frode Eika, Experiences withRFID~based interactive learning in museums, International Journal ofAutonomous and Adaptive Communications Systems,2010,3(1):59~74
[103] Bouet, Mathieu Pujolle, Guy, RFID in eHealth systems: Applications,challenges, and perspectives, Annals of Telecommunications,2010,65(9~10):497~503
[104] Nabelsi, Veronique, Integrating RFID into products and business processes toimprove asset management in hospitals, International Journal of AppliedDecision Sciences,2012,5(2):97~117
[105] Biffi Gentili, Guido Dori, Fabrizio Iadanza, Ernesto, Dual-frequency activeRFID solution for tracking patients in a children's hospital. Design method, testprocedure, risk analysis, and technical solution, Proceedings of the IEEE,2010,98(9):1656~1662
[106] Cho, Hyuntae Kim, Jongdeok Baek, Yunju, Large-scale active RFID systemutilizing ZigBee networks, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,2011,57(2):379~385
[107] Garcia Ansola, Pablo Garcia, Andres De Las Morenas, Javier et al, ZigID:Improving visibility in industrial environments by combining WSN and RFID,Journal of Zhejiang University: Science A,2011,12(11):849~859
[108]Aung, Myo Min Liang, Fu Wei Chang, Yoon Seok et al,RFID-and WSN-basedintelligent cold chain management, International Journal of ManufacturingResearch,2011,6(2):91~109
[109] R. Want, An Introduction to RFID Technology, IEEE Pervasive Computing,2006,5(1):25~33
[110] International Standards Organization, ISO/IEC FDIS18000-7:2008. StandardSpecification,2008
[111]张建波，殷群，黄国勇，基于2.4GHz的有源电子标签(RFID)设计，桂林电子科技大学学报，2010，30（4）：301~304
[112]胡林亚，邹传云，张刚建，433MHz有源电子标签的设计与实现，通信技术，2012，45（2）：32~34
[113] Leian Liu, Shengli Lai, ALOHA-Based Anti-Collision Algorithms Used inRFID System, Proc.of International Conf.on Wireless Communications,Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM2006),2006:1~4
[114] Z.Bin, M.Kobayashi, M.Shimizu, Framed ALOHA for Multiple RFID ObjectsIdentification, IEICE,2005:991~999
[115] Cha J R, Kim J H, Dynamic framed slotted ALOHA algorithms using fast tagestimation method for RFID system, Consumer Communications andNetworking Conference,2006:768~772
[116] F.C.Schoute, Dynamic frame length ALOHA, IEEE Transactions onCommunication,1983,31(4):565~568.
[117] J.R. Cha, J.H.K., Novel Anti-collision Algorithm for fast object identification inRFID system,The11th Intl. Conference on Parallel and Distributed System,2005:63~67
[118] H.Vogt, Efficient object identification with passive RFID tags, Proc.Pervasive,2002:98~113.
[119] Vogt H., Multiple object identification with passive RFID tags, IEEE Intl.Conference on Man and Cybernetics,2002:1~6
[120] J.R. Cha, J.H.K., Dynamic Framed Slotted ALOHA Algorithms Using Fast TagEstimation Method for RFID System,The2006Processing ConsumerComunications and Networking Conference,2006:768~772
[121] ISO/IEC, Information Technology Automatic Identification and Data CaptureTechniques-Radio Frequency Identification for Item Management AirInterface-Part6:Parameters for Air Interface Communications at860-960MHz,Final Draft International Standard ISO18000-6,2003.
[122] Sarma S, Waldrop J, Engels D, An anti-collision algorithm for the readercollision problem, IEEE International Conference on Communications,2003:1206~1210
[123]李秉璋，景征骏，罗烨，基于后退式二进制的RFID防碰撞搜索算法，计算机应用与软件，2009，26（12）：96~98
[124] Law C., K.Lee, K.Y.Siu, Efficient memory-less protocol for tag identification,Proc.4th International Workshop on DIALM,2000:75~84
[125] Piramuthu S, Lightweight Cryptographic Authentication in PassiveRFID-Tagged Systems, IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man and Cybernetics-partC:Applications and Reviews,2008,38(3):360~376
[126] Mubarak, M.F., Manan,J.A. et al, A critical review on RFID system towardssecurity, trust, and privacy(STP), IEEE7th International Colloquium on SignalProcessing and its Applications,2011:39~44
[127] M.Feldhofer, S.Dominikus, J.Wolkerstorfer, Strong authentication for RFIDsystems using the AES algorithm, Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2004,3156:357~370
[128] M.F.Mubarak, J.A.Manan, S.Yahya, Mutual attestation using TPM for trustedRFID protocol,2nd International Conference on Network Applications,Protocolsand Services,2010:153~158
[129] Lee YK, Sakiyama K, Batina L et al,Elliptic-Curve-Based Security Processorfor RFID, IEEE Transactions on Computers,2008,57(11):1514~1527
[130] Sarma S.E., Weis S.A., Engels D W, RFID systems and security and privacyimplications, Lectures Notes in Computer Science,2003,2523:454~469.
[131] Miyako Ohkubo, Koutarou Suzuki, Shingo Kinoshita, Hash-chain basedforward-secure privacy protection scheme for low-cost RFID, Proceedings of the2004Symposium on Cryptography and Information Security,2004:719~724
[132] Weis S.A., Sarma S.E., Rivest R.L. et al, Security and privacy aspects oflow-cost radio frequency identification systems, Proceedings of the1stInternational Conference on Security in Pervasive Computing,2004:50~59
[133] J.Alberola, J.Pelegri, R.Lajara et al, Solar Inexhaustible Power Source forWireless Sensor Node, IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement TechnologyConference Proceeding,2008:657~662
[134] P.T.V.Bhuvaneswari, R.Balakumar, V.Vaidehi et al, Solar Energy Harvesting forWireless Sensor Networks,1st International Conference on ComputerIntelligence, Communication Systems and Networks,2009:57~61
[135] C.Alippi, C.Galperti, An adaptive maximum power point tracker formaximizing solar cell efficiency in wireless sensor nodes, Circuits and Systems,IEEE International Symposium on,2006:1~4
[136] T. Sanpechuda, L. Kovavisaruch, A review of RFID localization:Applicationsand techniques, Proc.5th Int. Conf. Elect. Eng./Electron., Comput., Telecommun.Inf. Technol.,2008:769~772