宣痹颗粒剂治疗风湿热痹(类风湿性关节炎)的药效学及作用机理的研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
类风湿性关节炎(RA)是当前世界范围内严重威胁公众健康的慢性病之一。是一种难治性自身免疫性疾病,至今病因未明。中医药治疗此病具有潜在的优势,宣痹颗粒剂是导师段富津教授通过多年的临床经验,治疗风湿热痹(类风湿性关节炎)的有效方剂。本课题是以宣痹颗粒剂为研究对象,以RA为切入点,对该方的抗炎免疫作用及治疗RA的作用机理进行了较为深入的研究。
     1目的
     研究宣痹颗粒剂对RA的药效学及作用机理。
     2方法
     实验方法:1、以完全弗氏佐剂(CFA)诱导的Wistar雄性大鼠佐剂性关节炎(AA)为研究对象,以雷公藤多甙片为阳性对照药,将其随机分为空白组(A),模型组(B),对照组(C),宣痹颗粒剂高剂量组(D),宣痹颗粒剂中剂量组(E),宣痹颗粒剂低剂量组(F)。对各组动物分别进行如下检测:(1)CFA免疫前及免疫后每隔二日的关节容积,每周一次的体重。(2)CFA免疫后血中的ESR,CRP,RF的水平和踝关节滑膜组织的病理形态学改变(包括光镜和电镜)。(3)CFA免疫后用放免法监测血中的IL-1β、TNF-a炎性细胞因子,并进行分析。(4)CFA免疫后用ELISA法检测血中的IFN-r,IL-4水平,并将其比值与Th1/Th2进行相关分析。
     2、选取小鼠为研究对象,采用热板法和扭体法,通过小鼠的痛阈值作为镇痛效应的评价指标,来观察宣痹颗粒剂的镇痛效应。
     3结果
     3.1宣痹颗粒剂有明显的抗炎、镇痛、免疫调节作用,可显著抑制AA大鼠足跖肿胀及多发性关节炎,提高AA大鼠的痛阈值。
     3.2光镜下可见:B组的滑膜层明显增多,滑膜细胞增生,小血管增多,血管翳形成,可见大量的淋巴细胞浸润。C、D、E组未见明显异常。可见明显减轻关节滑膜炎症与增生,防止关节软骨及骨质的破坏。
     3.3电镜下可见:A组线粒体(-),双层膜完整,结构清晰,胞浆内内质网(-)。B组线粒体明显减少,内质网脱颗粒且高度扩张,细胞核固缩,细胞膜缺损。C组粗面内质网减少,线粒体肿胀。D组内质网无扩张,线粒体基本正常。E组内质网轻度扩张,线粒体肿胀,结构不清。F组细胞膜不完整,核皱缩,线粒体和内质网减少。
     3.4宣痹颗粒剂通过抑制AA大鼠过高的炎性细胞因子TNF-a、IL-1β分泌,而发挥抗炎和免疫调节作用。
     3.5通过宣痹颗粒剂的治疗,AA大鼠血浆中IFN-r水平明显降低。AA大鼠血浆中IL-4水平明显升高。Th1/Th2的比值趋向平衡。
     4结论
     宣痹颗粒剂具有多层次、多途径、多靶点的抗炎及免疫调节作用。宣痹颗粒剂的抗炎、免疫调节作用与其抑制炎性细胞因子(IL-1β、TNF-a),降低IFN-r,升高IL-4从而使Th1/Th-2趋向平衡等功能有关。宣痹颗粒剂能够对风湿热痹(类风湿滑膜炎症早期或发作期)具有很好的治疗作用,能够防止血管翳的形成,防止关节软骨及骨质的破坏,抑制关节的变形。
The Rheumatoid Arthritis(RA) is one of chronic diseases which serious threat the health of the public in the current world extent. The disease is one kind of refractoriness autoimmune disease(AD) with complex nosogenesis,and the cause of the disease has not made clearly till now. Modern medicine has a lot of problems in the treatment of the disease. Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) has potential superiority to cure it. Infusion of Xuan Bi Ke Li is utility recipe to Beriberoid Pyretic Arthralgia (RA) in the fundament of the change plus minus of Xuan Bi Tang through so many years clinical experiences of my advisor Duan Fu Jin. My topic is investigation objec of Infusion of Xuan Bi granuls,and takes the RA as the investigation cut-in point, and makes deeply investigation of the recipe in the contribution of antiinflammatory and immunity, and mechanism of action of treatment of RA.
     1. Objective invest the mechanism of action of treatment of RA and compatibility significance of Infusion of Xuan Bi granuls.
     2. Method Empirical Method: 2.1Make Wistar maleness rats Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis(AIA) which were derived by Freund's complete adjuvant(CFA) as investigation objec. Make Tablet for Lei Gong Teng Duo Dai as positive control medicine, and divide it into blank group(A), model group(B), control group(C), Infusion of Xuan Bi Ke Li high dose group(D), Infusion of Xuan Bi granuls midst dose group (E), Infusion of Xuan Bi granuls low dose treatment group(F). Apply Infusion of Xuan Bi granuls which deploys Qing Re Qu Shi ,Shu Fu Rong Jin ,He Xue Zhi Tong as array recipe principle to interfere.
     Detection for every groups animals:(1)Joint volume of CFA preimmune and postimmune rats every two days, body weight one time per week. (2)Level of ESR, CRP, RF of CFA postimmune rats's blood and pathomorphism change of ankle and synovial membrane tissue( including light microscope and electron microscope). (3)Monitoring IL-1β、TNF-a phlegmasia cell factor of CFA postimmune rats's blood with radio-immunity ,and analyze it. (4)Monitoring the level of IFN-r , IL- 4 of CFA postimmune rats's blood with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and analyze the correlation of their proportionality and Thl/Th2.
     2.2Select mouse as investigation object,with hot plate method and stretching method,make the estimate index of analgesia effect through pain threshold value of mouse, and observe the analgesia effect of Infusion of Xuan Bi granules.
     3.Consequence 3.1 Infusion of Xuan Bi granuls has conspicuous antiinflammatory、analgesia、immunological effect, and can patency restrain polyarticular arthritis and engorgement of AA rat's voix pedis, raise pain threshold value of AA rat.3.2 It is thus clear under the light microscope:stratum synoviale of group B mult obviously, synovial cell hyperplasy, Small vessels mult, pannus emerge, It is thus clear that lots of lymphocytes infiltration. Group C、D、E don't see any manifest abnormality. It is thus clear that inflammation and hyperplasy of Synovium of joint in the same time, to prevent the demolish of arthrodial cartilage and sclerotin.3.3 It is thus clear under the electron microscope:Group A mitochondrion ( - ) , double membrane Integrity, tructure lampros, intracytoplasm endoplasmic reticulum ( - ) Group B mitochondrion manifest decrease, endoplasmic reticulum degranulation and altitude expanding, karyopyknosis, cellmembrane defect. Group C rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER) diminish, mitochondrion swelling. Group D endoplasmic reticulum not expand, mitochondrion fundamental normal. Group E endoplasmic reticulum expand lightly, mitochondrion swelling, structure not clear.Group F cell membrane not Integrate ,nucleus crenulation, mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum diminish.
     3.4 Infusion of Xuan Bi granuls produce a marked antiinflammatory and immunological effect through restraining secretion of too high phlegmonosis cytokines TNF-a、IL-1、IL-6 of AA rats.
     3.5 Through the treatment of Infusion of Xuan Bi granuls,the level of IFN-r that's in AA rats's blood degrades obviously,and the level of IL-4 that's in AA rats's blood advance obviously,and the proportionality of Thl/Th2 incline to balance.
     4.Conclusion Infusion of Xuan Bi granuls has the effect of immunological and antiinflammatory of multistrata、more routes、multitarget. The effect of immunological and antiinflammatory that Infusion of Xuan Bi granuls has concerned with the function of depressing phlegmonosis cytokines (IL-1β、TNF-a) ,degrading IFN-r, advancing IL-4 as to Th1/Th-2 trend to balance. Infusion of Xuan Bi granuls has very good treatment effect to Beriberoid Pyretic Arthralgia (earlier period and period of onset of Rheumatoid Synovitis),and it can prevent pannus to form ,and it can prevent articular cartilage and sclerotin to destroy, and it can restrain disfiguration of joint.
引文
[1] 张乃峥.中国风湿病学的建立与发展[J].中华内科杂志,1992,31(8):498
    [2] 蒋明.加强类风湿关节炎的临床研究[J].中华医学杂志,1998,78(3):5-6
    [3] 唐福林.加强对类风湿关节炎早期诊断的实验研究[J].中华风湿病学杂志,1998,2(1):4-5
    [4] 张进玉主编。类风湿性关节炎。北京:人民卫生出版社,第2版。1998;2
    [5] 张乃峥主编。临床风湿病学。上海:上海科学技术出版社,第1版。1999:132—133
    [6] 董怡。对治疗类风湿关节炎生物制剂的认识和看法。中华风湿病学杂志,2000;4(3):133—134
    [7] 崔维利,等。雷公藤研究概况。天津药学,1999;11(2):37—39
    [8] 王志坚,等。白芍总甙治疗类风湿性关节炎的临床药理研究。中国药理学通报,1994:10(2):117—121
    [9] 许得盛,等。类风关合剂治疗类风湿性关节炎的临床及实验研究。中国中西医结合杂志,1996;16(1):14—17
    [10] 陈龙全,陈斌.类风湿性关节炎的病因病机及其辨证分型[J].中医药学刊,2003,21(3):469-470
    [11] 何永生,张雪莲.类风湿性关节炎的中医病机探讨[J].浙江中西医结合杂志,2003,13(10):624-625
    [12] 闫小萍,焦树德.旭痹三悟[J].中国医药学报,1993,8(5):49-51
    [13] 李拥,周祖山,周承明.周承明对类风湿性关节炎病机的独特认识及其意义[J].湖北中医杂志,2000,22(7):4-5
    [14] 刘健,郑志坚.类风湿性关节炎中医学病机探讨[J].中国中医基础医学杂志志,2001,7(9):13-14
    [15] 何羿婷,付丽媛,阎小萍.类风湿性关节炎中医证候分布规律的初步探讨[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2004,10(1):26-28
    [16] 周全,耿建国.浅谈类风湿性关节炎的病机演变规律及相应的治疗策略[J].陕西中医,2005,26(30):287
    [17] 刘英,周海蓉.从毒探讨活动性类风湿性关节炎的发病机制[J].山东中医杂志,2003,22(7):390-392
    [18] 周全,刘征堂.金实教授从湿论治类风湿性关节炎经验介绍[J].新中医,2005,37(1):21-22
    [19] 朱建华.虫类药在类风湿关节炎中的应用[J].中国临床医生,2000,2.8(4):12
    [20] 周学平,吴勉华.中医药治疗类风湿性关节炎的新观点[J].中国临床康复,2002,6(5):624-625
    [21] 刘莉,魏晓燕.治痹八法[J].中医药信息,2001,18(3):74
    [22] 焦树德.再谈尩痹的辨证论治[J].中医杂志,1997,(8):504
    [23] 郭志刚.类风湿性关节炎证治体会[J].实用中医药杂志,2005,21(2):122-123.
    [24] 张四方,朱伟光.防已黄芪汤治疗类风湿性关节炎近期疗效观察[J].中国医师杂志,2005,7(6):856-857
    [25] 沈晓燕,陈纪藩.经方在类风湿性关节炎治疗中的灵活运用[J].中 国中医基础医学杂志,2001,7(3):67-68.
    [26] 朱良春.医学微言[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1996:1
    [27] 周学平,周仲瑛,等舒关冲剂治疗中晚期类风湿性关节炎的临床与实验研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1999,19(2):80-83
    [28] 胡荫奇.风湿安冲剂治疗类风湿性关节炎临床研究[J].中国医药学报,2000,15(1):43
    [29] 许峰,戴小明,章光华.四藤饮治疗类风湿性关节炎123例临床观察[J].中医杂志,2003,44(10):760-761.
    [30] 张秋霞,葛爱华,张华伟.中西医结合治疗类风湿性关节炎100例临床观察[J].四川中医,2004,22(4)):28-29.
    [31] 张占铸.中西医结合治疗类风湿性关节炎[J].实用中医内科杂志,2004,18(2):127-127.
    [32] 刘洪波.中西医结合治疗类风湿性关节炎60例[J].陕西中医2003,24(3):208-209.
    [33] 胡大伟,刘沛霖.雷公藤与强的松药理作用的互补性[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1997,17(2):94-96
    [34] 唐韬,赵敏奇,刘春城.温针治疗类风湿性关节炎58例[J].上海针灸杂志,2005,24(1):32
    [35] 荣莉,伦新.蜂针治疗类风湿性关节炎的临床观察[J].中医外治杂志,2002,11(2):14
    [36] 姚建,赵晓刚,王璐.中药汽疗雾化透皮法治疗类风湿性关节炎108例[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2004,11(8):728-729.
    [37] 李金文,徐光华,陈炽祥等.热矿泥外敷结合辨证治疗类风湿性关节炎85例疗效观察[J].新中医,2003,35(1):23-24.
    [38] 徐峰,白玉宾.痛痹贴治疗类风湿性关节炎临床疗效观察[J].中医药信息,2004,21(1):26
    [39] 李先文,左祖英,张凤鸣,夏建萍.关节灵对小鼠体液免疫功能影响的实验研究[J].川北医学院学报,1999,14(6):14-15
    [40] 郝饪,沈欣,邱全瑛.清热燥湿法对类风湿性关节炎治疗作用的实验研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,1997,3(1):32-34
    [41] 李惠,金亚宏,原桂东,王素芬.逐痹胶囊对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的影响[J].中国中药杂志2005,30(7):551-555.
    [42] 周学平,方泰惠,周玲玲,宋耀鸿,等.清络通痹颗粒治疗类风湿性关节炎的分子作用机理研究[J].中药药理与临床,2003,19(1):35-37
    [43] 王从品,吴玉林.克湿灵治疗类风湿性关节炎的作用机制研究[J].中国中药杂志,2006,31(2):156-159
    [44] 陈纪藩,刘清平.通痹灵对胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠滑膜组织血管内皮生长因子表达水平的影响[J].广州中医药大学学报,2003,20(1):4-7
    [45] 冷南,张欣,樊春梅,等.类风湿性关节炎患者红细胞免疫功能的改变[J].第四军医大学学报,1994,15(4):290-292
    [46] 胡晓蕙,汪涛,王洁,等.克痹Ⅱ号调节初发类风湿性关节炎患者然免疫的实验研究[J].中草药,2000,31(2):120-121.
    [47] 张玲玲,魏 伟,严尚学,等.木瓜苷对小鼠胶原性关节炎的预防作用及初步机制[J].中国药理学通报,2000,20(1):95-100
    [48] 都晓春,刘漫虹,倪国成.痹痛清胶囊的主要药效学研究[J].长春中医学院 学报,2002,18(4):38
    [49] 李金祥,单友琴,王鑫国.通经蠲痹胶囊治疗类风湿性关节炎的实验研究[J].河北中医,2002,24(1):73-75
    [50] 张立军,彭介寿,柴立民.历节合剂对佐剂性关节炎大鼠血液流变学的影响[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2001,22(4):250
    [51] 唐照亮,宋小鸽,章复清,等.艾灸对关节炎大鼠抗炎消肿作用及细胞因子、自由基影响[J].安徽中医学院学报,2001,20(5):34-37.
    [52] 李博萍,潘竞锵,肖柳英,等.加味六味地黄汤对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的作用及机制研究[J].中医研究,2005,18,(6):16-18
    [53] 陈纪藩,叶柳忠,陈光星,等.通痹灵对CIA大鼠关节软骨病变影响的实验研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2003,9(5):33-35
    [54] 陈灏珠.实用内科学[M].人民卫生出版社,2001,10:2318
    [55] 潘正论,张源潮.中国内地人群类风湿关节炎与HLA-DRB 1共同表位基因关联性的Meta分析[J].中华风湿病学杂志,2004,8(11):662
    [56] 赵岩,董怡,唐福林,等.HLA-DRB 1基因与我国北方类风湿关节炎的关系[J].中华内科杂志,1997,36(2):112
    [57] 杜平.现代临床病毒学[M].北京:人民军医出版社,513.
    [58] 张悦,王惠萱,杨光辉等.类风湿关节炎患者EB病毒感染及Th细胞激活的免疫学分析[J].现代检验医学杂志,2006,21(1):66-67
    [59] 费克香,晏年春.类风湿性关节炎与T淋巴细胞研究[J].日本医学介绍,2000,21(9):427
    [60] 李霞,孙健,范成明.细胞因子与类风湿关节炎[J].大连大学学报,2000,21(4):102
    [61] 路秀英.免疫细胞、细胞因子及其抑制物在类风湿性关节炎发生发展中的作用[J].国外医学免疫学分册,1993,4:183-187.
    [62] William RA, Dayer JM. Cytokines and cytokine inhibitors or antagonists in rheumatoidarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1990, 33(3): 305-315
    [63] Tyler JA. Articular cartilage cultured with catabilin(pig IL-i) Syntheses a decreased number of normalproteoglycanmolecules. Biochem J. 1985, 227: 869-878
    [64] Gearing DP. The IL-6 signil transducer, gp130: An oncostatin M receptor and affinityconverter for the IL-6 receptor. Science. 1992, 255: 1434-1437
    [65] Yin T. Involvement of IL-6 signal transducergpl30 in IL-1 1-mediated signal transduction. J Immunol. 1993, 151: 2555-2561
    [66] Henderson B, Pettipher ER. Art hritogenic actions of recombinant IL-1 and tumour necrosis factor alpha in the rabbit: evidence for synergistic interactions between cytokines in vivo. Clin Exp Immunol, 1989. 75(2): 306-310
    [67] Carter SD, Barnes A, Gilmore WH[J]. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 1999, 69(2-4): 201-214.
    [68] Feldmann M, Maini RN. [J]. Rheumatology Oxford, 1999, 38(Supple2): 3-7.
    [69] Yudoh K, Matsuno H. [J]. Arthritis Rheum, 2000, 43(3): 617-627.
    [70] 张浩等,朱平.[J].免疫学杂志,2000,16(2):119-122.
    [71] van der Graaf WL, prins AP, Dijkmans BA.[J]. lancet, 1998, 315: 1931.
    [72][1] 余曙光,郝 亮,宋开源,等.艾灸对类风湿关节炎大鼠血清ICAM-1的影响[J].中国针灸,2002,22(10):690-692.
    [73] Paleoog EM, Angiogenesis. acriticalprocess in the pathogenesis of RAarole for VEGF Br J Rheumatol, 1996, 35: 917
    [74] 裴瑞卿.基质金属蛋白酶家族介绍[J].中国生物化学与分子生物学报,2001,17(1):1-6.
    [75] 赵志玲.基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂与类风湿性关节炎的研究进展[J].解放军药学学报,2005,21,(1):54-56
    [76] 任洁,齐义成.类风湿性关节炎与细胞凋亡[J].天津医药,2004,32(4):255
    [77] 周静,周桂琴,肖诚,等.基质金属蛋白酶MAPKS途径在类风湿性关节炎发病中的作用[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2004,10(6):78
    [78] Clio R, Beatrice A, Jean M J, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase 3 serumlevels are correlated with diseaseactivity and predictclinical responseinrhed matoidarthritis[J]. J Rheum, 2000, 27(4): 888.
    [79] 柴可夫.类风湿性关节炎[M].北京:科学技术文献出版,2000年版,18-21
    [80] 浅原弘嗣·他诊断治疗,1997,85(4):608
    [81] KoushiFujisawa. HiroshiAsahaia. Kazu yoshiOkamoto. etal Thera -Peutic effect of the anti-fas antibody on arlhritis in HTLV-1 tax. tlansgenicmice. JClhlnvest1996, 98: 271-278
    [82] LinZ. XuX, HsaHG etalCll-D C, AdTRAILcellgenethemPy inbi-h its hfiltration of Cll-reative Tcells and Cll induced arthritis J ClinInvest2003, 11: 1332-1341
    [83] MatsnoH, YudohK,NakazawaF, etal Antirheumatic effects of hu-manized anti-Fas monoclonal antibody inhuman rheumatoidarlhritis/SCIDmousechieraJrheumato12002, 29: 1609-1614
    [84] Chin JE, Winterrowd GE, Krzesicki RF, et al. Role of cytokines in inflammatory synovitis.The coordinate regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and HLA-class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ antigens in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Arthritis Rheum, 1990, 33: 1776-1786.
    [85] 张文.粘附分子在类风湿关节炎中的作用[J].中华风湿病学杂志,1998,2(1):51
    [86] 梁文同,刘风珍,宋胜利,等.类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者血清可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1测定与核素骨显像相关性研究[J].中华临床与卫生,2004,3(1):8-10
    [87] Folkman, J. Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease-Nat Med1995, 1: 27-34
    [88] Clauss, M, M. Gerlach, H. Gerlach, et al. Vascular permeability factor, a tumor-derived ploypeptide that induces endothelial cells and monocyte procoagulant activity and promotes monocyte migration, J Exp Med 1990, 164: 470-477
    [89] 敖桂珍,张玉彬,张奕华.新型非甾体抗炎药作用靶环氧酶-2研究进展[J].中国新药杂志,2001,10(7):492-496
    [90] 张新梅.类风湿性关节炎免疫治疗研究进展[J].医学综述,2004,10(2):115-117
    [91] 刘或,韩星海,孟济明等.生物制剂在类风湿关节炎中的应用[J].中华风湿病学杂志,2003,7(5):300-301
    [92] 赵延红.生物制剂在RA治疗中的应用[J].陕西中医学院学报,2004,27(2):69
    [93] 严桂民.类风湿关节炎的基因治疗[J].中国新医药,2003,2(8):47
    [94] 鲍春德.类风湿性关节炎治疗的现状及展望[J].上海医学,2003,26(7):449
    [95] 徐淑云,卞如濂,陈修.药理实验方法学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1991,723
    [96] Nakao H Eguchi K, Kawakami A et al. Phenotypic characterization of Lymphocytes infiltrating svnovial tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis Anaovsis of lymphocytes isolated from minced synovialtissue by daal immunofluorescentStaining J Rheumatol, 1990, 17: 142
    [97] IchikawaY, Shimizu H YoshidaM, it al. Lymphocyte subsets and T cell at various stages of activation in joint fluid from rheumatoid arthritis patients Japanese J Rheumatol, 1991, 3 (2) : 95
    [98] Vander Graaf WL, Prins APA Prognostic Value of Th1/Th2 ratio in rheumatoid arthritis [J]. Lancet, 1998, 315: 1931
    [99] Germann T, Szeliga J. Adminestration of imterleukin-12 in Combination with type Ⅱ Collagen induces severe arthrirtis in DBA/lmice Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1995, 92: 4823-4827
    [100] Liblau RS, Singer SM, Mcdevitt HO, Th1 and Th2 CD4~+ T cells in the pathogenesis of organ-S pecific autoimmune disease Immune Today[J], 1995, 16: 383-384
    [101] 秦卫兵.Th1和Th2细胞在体内的分化.国外医学免疫学分册.2002,25(1)42-45
    [102] Joosten LAB, Lubberts E Role of IL-4 and IL-10 treatment on Cartilage destruction[J]. Arthritis Rheum, 1997, 40: 249-260
    [103] 何球藻,吴厚生,曹雪涛主编.细胞与分子免疫学[M]上海:上海科学技术文献出版社.1997,52
    [104] 赵武述.辅助性T细胞亚群的检测及其临床意义.中华检验杂志.1998:21(1):7
    [105] B Mu ller, U Gimsa, N A Mitchison, et al. Modulating the Th1/Th2 balance in inf lammatory ar thritis Springer Semin Immunopathol. .1998. 20: 181—196
    [106] 徐卫东,张春才,孟济明.细胞因子与软骨损伤修复.中华风湿病学杂志[J].1999,3 (1) 57—59
    [107] 张进玉主编.类风湿性关节炎[M],人民卫生出版社(第二版).1998年11月第二版.524-528
    [108] 吕爱平.类风湿关节炎中西医结合应用基础研究[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,1999,23
    [109] 王绪辉.肢体痹证的造模方法[J].上海中医药杂志,1986,(3):3-5
    [110] 力弦,等.Ⅱ型胶原蛋白诱导的类风湿性关节炎动物模型.上海医科大学学报,1992:24(3):231-233
    [111] SLobodaAE, el, Radiographicanalysisofexperimentalratarthritis[M]. In: Greenwal dRA, Diamondeas HS eds. Handbook of animal model for the rheumatic diseases. VolⅡ. Boca Raton FL: CRC Press, 1988; 159-164
    [112] 许赤多,等.大鼠佐剂性关节炎的诱导及观察指标比较.中国免疫学杂志,2002:18(2):140-141
    [113] 陈奇.中药药理研究方法学.北京:人民卫生出版社,1993:357
    [114] Easset RE, Hildebrand AR, Angelo RA, et al. Measure ment of radiographic changes in adjuv ant-induced arthritis in its by quantitative image analysis. Arthritis Rjeurr, 1995, 38: 129
    [115] 许赤多,戴冽,汤美安等.大鼠佐剂性关节炎的诱导及观察指标比较[J].中 国免疫学杂志,2002,18(2):140-141
    [116] 陈奇.中药药理研究方法学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1993,第一版.
    [117] 李瑞林,等.全国雷公藤临床应用学术研讨会纪要.中西医结合杂志,1988;8(5):315-316
    [118] 陈林因.雷公藤叶与根制剂治疗类风湿性关节炎的临床观察.江苏中医,1992;(6):277
    [119] 于德勇.雷公藤总贰治疗类风湿性关节炎144例临床观察.中医杂志,1982;(7):32
    [120] 湖北雷公藤研究协作组.武汉医学院学报,1981;(4):fit
    [121] 王晓光.雷公藤及复方制剂对105例类风湿性关节炎免疫功能的影响.实用中西医结合杂志,1990:(2):119
    [122] 舒达夫,等.雷公藤甲素和雷公藤醋酸乙酷提取物治疗类风湿性关节炎临床对照观察.中西医结合杂志,1990:10(3):144
    [123] 李桂芳.雷公藤治疗类风湿性关节炎32例疗效观察.中成药,1990;12(4):23
    [124] 严碧玉.中西医结合杂志.1985;[5):280
    [125] 张之洋.雷公藤颗粒剂治疗类风湿性关节炎与强直性脊椎炎的临床观察.上海中医药,1988;(11):30
    [126] 魏伟,等.治疗类风湿关节炎药物的研究进展.安徽医科大学学报,2000;35(5):329-332
    [127] 王振刚,等,雷公藤多贰诱导类风湿关节炎患者外周血单个核细胞的凋亡.中华风湿病学杂志,2001;5(5):325-326
    [128] 万江华.中国医院药学杂志.1995,15(5):222
    [129] 中华人民共和国卫生部药典委员会编.中华人民共和国药典一九九五年版.广东:广东科技出版社.1995,318
    [130] 宋振王.秦艽生物碱甲药理作用Ⅰ.大鼠甲醛性关节炎.生理学报,1958,(3):201
    [131] 王一涛,杨奎,王家葵,等.羌活的药理学研究[J].中药药理与临床,1996(4):12-15
    [132] 芮菁,尾崎幸宏,汤元泰.连翘提取物的抗炎镇痛作用.中草药1999;30(1):43-45
    [133] 朱江,蔡德海,芮菁.栀子的抗炎镇痛作用研究.中草药2000;31(3):198-200
    [134] CalvinoB, CrePon— BernardMO, LeBars D. Parallel clinical and behavioural studies of adjuvant — induced arthritis in the rat: Possible relationship with, "chronic pain", Behavioural Brain Research, 1987, 24(1): 11-19
    [135] Niki Y, Ya mada H, Seki S, et al. Macrophage and neutrophil domi-nant arthritis in human I L-1 alpha trans genic mice. J Clin Invest, 2001, 107: 1127-1135.
    [136] Mosmann TR, Cherwinske H, Bond MW, Giedl in MA, Coffman RL: Two types ofmurine helper T cell clone I Definition according to profiles of activities and secreted proteins J Immunol 1986, 136: 2348-2357.
    [137] Firestin GS, Nguyen K, Auppele KR, Yeo M, Boyle DL, Zvaifler NJ: Apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis p253 overexpression in rheumatoid arthritis symovium, Am J Pathol. 1996, 149: 2143-2151
    [138] VanRoon JAG, Lafeber FPJG, Bijlsma JWJ. Symergistic activity of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 in suppression of inflammation and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis [J]. Arthritis Rhium. 2001, 44: 3
    [139] 魏海明,刘杰,田志刚.检测Th1/Th2亚群的临床意义.中华医学检验杂志.1995;21(1)56
    [140] somaki P, Luukkainen R, Lassila O, et al. Svnovial fluid T cells from patients sith rheumatoid arthritis ari refractory to the T helper type 2 differentiation inducing effects of interliukin-4[J]. Immunology, 1999, 96: 358
    [141] Suzuke N, Nakajima A, Yoshino S, et al. Selective accumulation of CCR5 T Lumphocytes into inflammed joints of rhematoid arthritis [J]. Int Immunol, 1999, 11: 553
    [142] Qin S, Rottman JB, Myers P, et al. The chmokine receptors CXCR3 and CXCR5 mark subsets of T cells associated sith certain inflammatory reactions [J]. J Clin Invest, 1998 101: 746
    [143] Kl imiuk PA, Yang H, Goronzy JJ, et al. Production of cytokines and metalloproteinases in rheumatoid synovitis is T cell apoptosis in rheumatoid synovitis is T cell dependent [J]. Clin Immunol, 1999, 163: 491
    [144] Wskisaka S, Suzuki N Nagafuchi H, et al. characterization of tissue outgrowth developed in vitro in patients with rhiumatoid arthritis intarchAllergy Immunol, 2000, 121: 68
    [145] 王宇明,顾长海,主编.感染病学新进展.北京:人民卫生出版社.2001,9:58
    [146] 沈燕,张玲珍,苏天水.类风湿关节炎患者Th2细胞的激活现象.中华检验医学杂志.2000,23(4):229-230
    [147] Bessis N, Biossier MC, Ferrara P, et al.. Attenuation of collagen-induced arthritis in mice by treatment with vector cells engieered to secrete interleukin-13. Eur J Immunol. 1996 26: 2399-2403
    [148] Joosten LAB Lubberts E Role oflL-4 and IL-10 inmurine collagen-induced arthritis: protective effect of IL-4 and IL-10 treatment on cartilage destruction[J]. Arthritis Rhium. 1997, 40: 249-260
    [149] RockenM, RackeM, Shevach EM: IL-4 induced immune deviation as antigen-specific therapy for inflammatory autoimmune disease Immu.nol Today 1996, 17: 225-231
    [150] Rulifson IC, Sperling AI, Fields PE, Fitch FW, et al. CD28 cost imulation promotes the production if Th2 cytokines J Immunol. 1997, 158: 658-665