摘要
随着金融自由化浪潮的推进,许多发展中国家已经相继放松了其金融管制的条件,逐步实现了金融的对外开放。银行业的开放作为金融自由化的重要内容之一,将对东道国国内银行业甚至金融系统都会产生较大的影响。纵观大多数理论研究可知,外资银行的进入,一方面能通过“竞争效应”、“溢出效应”、及“金融稳定效应”提升东道国银行业效率,从而提升东道国银行业绩效水平；另一方面也能通过“摘樱桃”行为对东道国银行客户市场及金融稳定性产生冲击。当东道国面临金融危机时,外资银行也有可能成为资本外逃的重要通道。另外,外资银行的进入会产生“人才效应”,造成东道国银行业高级人才的流失,降低东道国银行的盈利能力及管理效率。我国国有商业银行作为国家专业银行的后继者,都带有鲜明的“计划经济历史印记”,国有银行在银行市场上的垄断地位,致使我国银行业处于一种低效率均衡状态。引入外资银行,对处于市场结构和产权结构改革时期的中国金融业乃至经济发展都有着重要意义。
本文运用金融学的相关理论,分析了外资银行进入中国的相关现实,并用理论研究与实证研究相结合的方法,研究了外资银行进入对中国银行业绩效的影响。选取我国1999~2008年11个商业银行的面板数据,运用固定效应模型作以多元回归分析,客观衡量外资银行的进入对中国银行业绩效的影响。研究结论是：外资银行进入对国内银行业的“竞争效应”还十分有限,银行业的低效率均衡状态并没有因为外资银行的快速进入而明显改善；但外资银行进入对国内银行业产生的“溢出效应”、“人才效应”和“金融稳定效应”较为显著。本文首次从“人才流失”的角度研究了外资银行进入带来的人才效应。从而进一步完善了外资银行进入对东道国银行体系影响的分析。
With the advance wave of financial liberalization, many developing countries's financial controls have been relaxed its conditions for the progressive realization of the financial opening-up. Opening up the banking sector as an important part of financial liberalization, will have a greater impact on the host domestic banking sector,even the financial system.
The theory studies have shown that the entry of foreign banks, on the one hand, could improve the efficiency of host banking sector through the "competition effect", "spillover effect", and "financial stability effect"; On the other hand, The entry of foreign banks may take negative affect on the host country's customer market and finacial stability through "cherry-picking" behavior.When the host country facing a financial crisis, foreign banks may also become an important channel of capital flight.In addition,the entry of foreign banks will take a "talent effect" that result in the loss of senior personnel and reduce the profitability and management efficiency in the host country banking sector.
As the state-owned specialized banks,China's state-owned commercial banks with the distinctive "history of planned economy " mark. The monopoly role on the market, which leads to the low efficiency of the banking sector performance in a balanced state. The introduction of foreign banks have a great significance effect on China's financial industry and even the economic during "the market structure and ownership of structural reforms time".
This article related to use the finance theory to analysis the relevant reality of foreign bank's entry in China.And use theory and empirical research methods combined to study the effect of the foreign banks entry into the Performance of China's banking sector.
This article seleced 11 commercial banks' panel data from 1999 to 2008, using fixed-effects model for multiple regression analysis, and objectivly measured the effct of foreign banks entering the Chinese banking sector performance. The conclusion is:foreign bank entry on domestic banking sector's "competitive effect" is still very limited, low efficiency equilibrium of the banking industry has not significantly improved,even the entry of foreign banks was rapidly; but the foreign bank entry on domestic banks's "spillover effect"," talent effect " and " financial stability effect " is more significant. Specially,this article has firstly analysis the entry of foreign banks to bring talent effect from the "brain drain" perspective,that further improved the analysis of the effct of foreign banks entry into the banking system on the host country.
引文
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