摘要
随着中国市场经济体制改革的深入,农村经济与农村金融相互促进、相互依赖的关系更加显著。无论是实现农业现代化进程,还是推进社会主义新农村建设,都需要农村金融的有效支持。然而,农村金融市场长期竞争缺失的状态导致了农村金融服务的低效,进而制约了农村经济的健康发展；农村经济停滞不前又进一步抑制了农村金融市场的成长和发展,并由此形成一种恶性循环,使得农村金融风险不断集聚。因此,促进农村金融市场形成有效竞争格局,并且对农村金融市场中潜在的金融风险加以预先识别、防范和化解,对促进农村经济与农村金融形成良性循环的发展格局,推动社会主义新农村建设和城乡经济一体化,有着十分重要的理论意义和实践价值。
本研究将以市场经济条件下中国农村金融市场改革目标为导向,在金融发展理论、竞争战略理论、金融生态环境理论以及金融风险理论的基础上提出农村金融市场竞争战略及风险控制的概念框架；运用定性研究和定量研究相结合的方法,深入研究中国农村金融市场发展现状及问题,农村金融市场的竞争状况以及农村金融市场竞争中的风险控制问题,最后在此基础上提出农村金融市场可持续发展的竞争战略及其相应的保障措篱。
本研究主要包括以下研究内容：第一章,导论。界定研究问题,提出研究目标与思路,并介绍了本研究所运用的研究方法,以及本研究的总体路径和框架结构。第二章,理论借鉴。本部分是对本文所涉及的基本理论的回顾和总结。在回顾金融发展理论、竞争战略理论、金融生态环境理论以及金融风险理论的基础上提出了农村金融市场竞争及农村金融风险控制的概念框架。第三章,中国农村金融市场成长历程与问题分析。对中国农村金融市场的成长历程进行了回顾和梳理,并对过程中存在的问题进行了分析,为后续的战略制定提供依据。第四章,农村金融市场中的竞争状态分析。对目前中国农村金融市场中的竞争关系进行实证分析。第五章,农村金融市场竞争的风险控制。构建了农村金融风险预警指标体系,利用粗糙集方法确立指标体系中各个预警指标的权重并建立农村金融风险预警模型,进而利用该模型全国各省市的农村金融风险状况进行了测算。第六章,农村金融可持续发展的竞争战略。提出竞争的战略的核心目标与原则,并对竞争战略具体实施进行阐述。第七章,研究结论与政策建议。
通过研究发现目前中国农村金融市场主要面临着竞争缺失问题的困扰,农村金融市场竞争格局中传统农村金融机构在与非农金融机构的竞争中居于劣势,农村金融市场的风险状况不容乐观。中国农村金融市场需要通过适度竞争,风险可控的竞争战略,实现农村金融市场的可持续发展。通过积极培育农村金融市场主体,通过规范化的农村金融市场行为准则提升金融资源的配置效率,推动农金制度创新,提高金融经营绩效,构建公平有序竞争的农村金融外部环境等措施构建一个适度竞争、行为可控的竞争市场,使其能够有效地满足农村经济主体的金融需求,促进农村产业结构调整和农村资源的优化配置。农村金融市场竞争战略应当实现农村金融风险的有效防范与控制,促进农村经济与金融的协调、可持续发展,使得农村经济与金融发展相互促进的良性循环。
With the deepening of China's market Economic Restructuring, the rural economy and rural finance mutually interdependent relationship is more significant. Whether the process of agricultural modernization, or the construction of new socialist countryside, we need effective support from rural financial system. However, lack of rural finance market has long been the state of competition has led to the lagging rural economic development; the same time, the stagnation of the rural economy has further inhibited the development of rural finance, forming a vicious circle, but also contains huge potential financial risks. Therefore, an effective and competitive rural financial market is effective in identification, prevention and resolve of potential financial risk and also in promoting the formation of virtuous circle between the rural economy and the rural finance. Meanwhile, an effective and competitive rural financial market has a very important value to promote the building of new socialist countryside in both theoretical and practical aspects.
This study will be oriented by the market economy goal of China's rural financial market reform. Based on theory of financial development, competitive strategy theory, theory of financial environment and theory of financial risk, we put forward a framework of competitive strategy and risk control in the rural financial market. The combine use of quantitative and qualitative research method make us research the of the status and problems of China's rural financial market development, competition in rural financial market and risk control issues in rural financial market competition deeply. And put forward a sustainable competition strategy for rural financial markets. At last part of this study, we proposed the specific measures by using of the rural financial market competitive strategy.
Chapter One, Introduction. Definition of the problem, proposed study objectives and ideas, and introduced the research methods in this study, as well as the general path and framework structure of this study. ChapterⅡ, Theoretical Reference.This section is the review and summary of basic theory involved in this study. Based on reviewing the theory of financial development, competitive strategy theory, theory of financial environment and theory of financial risk, we put forward the conceptual framework of competitive strategy and risk control in rural financial markets. ChapterⅢ, grew up and problems analysis in rural China and of financial markets. The review and carding process in the growth of China's rural financial markets, and analysis of the problems, provide evidences for development the competitive strategy. ChapterⅣ, competition state analysis in rural of financial markets. Empirical study of the current competition in China's rural financial market. ChapterⅤ, risk control in the rural financial market competition process. Construction of the rural financial risk early warning indicator system, the use of rough set method to establish the index system the weight of the various early warning indicators and the establishment of rural financial risk warning model, then using the model to calculate the rural financial risk profile of provinces and cities. ChapterⅥ, competition for sustainable development of rural finance strategy. Competitive strategy proposed core objectives and principles, and competitive strategies for the specific implementation described. ChapterⅦ, the conclusions and policy recommendations.
Through the study we found that China currently faces the problem, which is lack of effective competition in rural financial markets. And the Traditional rural financial institutions have a competition disadvantage with nonfarm Financial Institutions in rural financial market competition. The risk status of the rural financial market is not optimistic. China's rural financial market needs through appropriate competition and risk control strategies to achieve the sustainable development of rural financial markets. By actively cultivating the Competitors in rural financial market, rural financial markets through a Standard to enhance efficiency of the allocation of financial resources, and promote agricultural payments system innovation, improve financial performance, build a fair and orderly competition in rural financial measures such as the external environment to build a moderate competition, acts competitive market controlled so that it can effectively meet the financial needs of rural economic agents to promote the rural industrial structure adjustment and the optimal allocation of rural resources. Competitive strategy of the rural financial market, the rural financial risks should be effectively prevented and controlled, promoting rural economic and financial coordination and sustainable development, which makes the rural economy and financial development mutually reinforcing virtuous circle.
引文
1.生态系统(ecosystem)这一概念是年由英国生态学家泰斯勒(A.G.Tansley)首先提出的。自然界中存在着的各类生态系统基本上都是由两大部分组成,即生物群落和物理环境,或称之为生命系统和环境系统。在自然界中,生物群落和物理环境是彼此依存和相互影响的,通过复杂的营养关系,它们结合为统一的大系统。没有物理环境,生物得不到赖以生存的各种物质,因而就失去了生存的空间和条件；失却生物,环境就是无生命的物质堆积。在一个健康、成熟的生态系统中生物群落同其赖以生存的物理环境之间进行着永不止息的物质循环和能量流动。这种循环和流动保持着动态平衡。
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1.从1979-1981年,农业生产总值年均递增5.6%,乡镇企业年均递增高达13.7%；同期,储蓄率也高速增长,1979-1981年间储蓄存款的增长率高达41%(张杰,2003,p.58)
2.4家国有银行的机构数从1981年的47251个迅速增加至1988年的98076个《中国金融年鉴1979-1990》
3.《从资金流动看改革20年农业的基础作用》,黄季,马恒运.改革,1998年第5期。
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5. 根据张杰(1998)的分析,1979-1991年间国家金融控制的总收益大于总成本。但是从1992年开始,国家金融控制的成本超过控制收益,在1992-1996年间,国家金融控制的净成本大了16570.92亿元,此时国家感受到了国家金融扩张后的压力。
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