摘要
我国目前对国外软件的依赖性很强,而软件盗版普遍存在。这就意味着我国软件开发行业和广大用户都面对着很高的法律风险。然而,我国立法界及实践中对此却没有给予必要的警惕,仍然在不断强调对软件的著作权保护,忽视了软件使用者对软件著作权合理使用的相关权利。这就直接导致了软件使用者的学习权利受到侵害,必然影响到我国软件行业在国际范围内的竞争力。因此,建立并完善软件著作权合理使用制度迫在眉睫。
本文在理论上分析了软件技术的发展与著作权合理使用制度法理基础之间的关系,并从必要性与可能性两个方面阐述了建立并完善软件著作权合理使用制度的现实需求。接着,分析了软件著作权合理使用的性质及软件在适用传统的著作权合理使用判断标准时的特殊性。在实践层面本文介绍了美国、德国、日本、英国及欧盟在法律法规中对软件合理使用制度的规定,其中包括对各国法律法规之间的对比分析及各国与中国《计算机软件保护条例》的对比研究,接着介绍了美国软件合理使用的判例的发展情况。在对中国的计算机软件著作权合理使用制度的现状进行分析的基础上,指出了软件著作权合理使用在中国所遇到的困境及原因。针对此困境,在开源运动的启发下,提出强制公开软件的源代码的建议。最后,针对我国软件著作权合理使用制度的现状,简单讨论了一下适当扩大软件合理使用的范围的具体内容及软件著作权合理使用制度的立法模式。
The background of this study includes the following facts: China has been increasingly dependent on imported software (e.g. Microsoft Windows); the pirated software is widespread; consequently, the nation is facing high legal risk related to intellectual property at both enterprise and individual level. Nevertheless, while emphasizing the copyright protection of software, the government is not paying enough attention to the rights of software users under the fair use doctrine. These compromises the software users’rights to studying the software and affect the competitiveness of Chinese software industry adversely in the long term. Therefore, it is high time to improve the fair use system of software copyright.
In this paper, fair use of software copyright is analyzed at theoretical and practical levels and the case for establishing a fair use system for software is made based on necessity and feasibility. The practical aspects of fair use doctrine are reviewed by looking into the relevant software copyright laws in the US, Japan, Germany, the UK and other European countries. The Chinese software copyright laws are also studied in comparative light with focus on the case laws in the US regarding fair use of software. The concluding part of the paper discusses the protection of software copyright in China based on the analysis of fair use doctrine analyzed in the previous chapters. It argues that the key problem of fair use of software in China is the fact that the source codes of proprietary software are not accessible and the resulting damage to the right of access to the ideas as embodied in the software. To address the problem, the paper suggests that all software products should be open source given the advantages demonstrated by the free software movement and the compulsory open source scheme is proposed. Finally, it is argued that the protection level for software in China may be too high for a developing country and the scope of application of fair use doctrine should be expanded by introducing a new legislation model.
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