摘要
本文在系统收集和分析前人对东秦岭基础地质和矿床地质勘察资料的基础上,针对东秦岭钼矿带前人研究中主要存在的关键性问题,采用矿床地球化学、岩石学、岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学、同位素地球化学及流体包裹体地球化学等多学科研究方法和手段,重点剖析了中生代花岗岩的成因和金堆城钼矿床地质地球化学特征,并建立成岩成矿模式。
东秦岭金堆城花岗斑岩与华山、合峪及老牛山岩体具有相似的地球化学特征,均为高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩,富硅、铝和全碱,具有某些Ⅰ型花岗岩特征,都富集LILE,亏损HFSE,具有低的Yb、Y含量(Y＜18μg/g,Yb＜2μg/g),暗示其源区为下地壳,并且原始岩浆经历了角闪石+斜长石相的分离结晶或在源区残留。
本文利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年方法获得华山岩体、合峪岩体、老牛山岩体及金堆城花岗斑岩的年龄分别为133.8±1.1Ma、134.5±1.5Ma、146.1±4.1Ma和141.5±1.5Ma。上述四个岩体都具有较低的I_(Sr)、负的ε_(Nd)(t)和ε_(Hf)(t)值及贫放射成因铅的特征;Hf二阶段模式年龄集中在2.1～1.7Ga之间,说明四个岩体都是由东秦岭在2.1～1.7Ga左右的增生地壳熔融形成。不同的是金堆城花岗斑岩的锆石Hf同位素组成不均一,有向地幔演化的趋势,暗示着金堆城花岗斑岩在形成过程中可能加入了地幔物质。
金堆城矿床元素地球化学研究表明,矿石和黄铁矿稀土元素配分曲线与斑岩相似而与围岩不同,围岩在蚀变和矿化过程中,成矿元素Mo由与斑岩同源的流体提供并加入到围岩中;矿床硫、碳、铅、氢-氧及氦-氩同位素地球化学研究表明,成矿流体早期主要来自深部岩浆,晚期则有大气降水的加入;流体包裹体研究也表明了流体成矿系统的温度和盐度随成矿作用进行而逐渐降低,显示了成矿物质早期来自岩浆,晚期则有大气降水加入。
东秦岭钼矿带,成岩成矿为同一地球动力学背景下产生,都与东秦岭在中生代的陆内A型俯冲有关,在早白垩世大约140Ma左右,秦岭造山带发生大范围的伸展,早期的碰撞或逆冲推覆使得下地壳增厚,在向伸展机制转换的过程中,下地壳处于强烈的减压增温条件下,发生部分熔融,形成碰撞改造型花岗岩基,而在断裂带附近则有地幔物质的上涌,加热下地壳发生部分熔融并与底侵的基性岩浆混合,形成同熔型花岗斑岩及斑岩型矿床。
The East Qinling Mo deposit belt located in southern margin of the North China Craton which with a great amount of Mesozoic granites.The detailed geological and geochemical characteristic as well as LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the Jinduicheng super large porphyry Mo deposit,Huashan pluton,Laoniushan pluton,and the Heyu pluton have been carried out in this thesis.
The Jinduicheng granitic porphyry,Huashan pluton,Heyu pluton as well as the Laoniushan pluton have the similar geochemical features.They are all belong to high K cal-alkaline granites with high SiO_2,Al_2O_3 and K_2O+Na_2O contents.These plutons are I-type granites which enriched in large ion lithophile elements(LILE),depleted in high field strength elements(HFSE),with obvious fractionation between LREE and HREE,and low Y,Yb contents(Y＜18μg/g,Yb＜2μg/g).The characteristics mentioned above indicate that, the granites were formed by partial melting of the thickened lower crust with the fractionation or residence of Plagioclase+hornblende assemblage.
The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages of the Jinduicheng granitic porphyry,Huashan pluton, Laoniushan pluton and the Heyu pluton are 141.5±1.5Ma,133.8±1.1Ma,146.1±4.1Ma, 134.5±1.5Ma,respectively.They all have low I_(Sr),negativeε_(Nd)(t) andε_(Hf)(t) values,and depleted in radiogenic lead.Zircon Hf isotopic characteristics show that,they are derived from the accretionary crust formed in about 2.0Ga～1.8Ga.But the inhomogenous Hf isotopic compositions of the Jinduicheng granitic porphyry suggest that the primitive magma has been mixed by the mantle materials.
The ores and pyrites share the similar Chondrite-normalized REE patterns with the granitic porphyry in the Jinduicheng Mo deposit.Mo has consistently added to the country rocks in the processes of alteration and mineralization.All of the characteristics above indicate that the ore-bearing hydrothermal fluids are derived from the porphyry but not the country rocks.The lead,sulfur,carbon,hydrogen-oxygen and Helium-argon isotopic characteristics show that,the metallogenetic materiels and fluids of Jinduicheng deposit have the same sources with the porphyry,which were all derived from the mantle in the early-stage with addition of the meteoric water in the late-stage.
The diagenesis and mineralization of the East Qinling Mo deposits occurred in the same dynamic setting.The formation of the plutons is associated with A-type subduction of the Qinling Orogen in Mesozoic.The granites and Mo deposits were formed in the transition stage geodynamic setting from compression to extension in Jurassic-Cretaceous(about 140Ma).During this process,the conditions of decompression and geothermal increasing and result in partial melting of the thickend lower crust(2.1Ga～1.7Ga) in the North China Craton. The magma generated by the partial melting formed the collisional transformation-type granites.But nearby the fault,the basaltic magma derived from asthenospher upwelling and underplating induced the partial melting of the lower crust(2.1Ga～1.7Ga),the magma formed by the partial melting were mixing with the basaltic magma and forming the Jinduicheng granitic porphyry and porphyry Mo deposit.
引文
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