摘要
目前，城市的迅速发展使得大量外地人口涌入城市，给社会治安带来很大压力。工厂、机关和居家失盗、抢劫事件时有发生，个别地方尤为严重，损失惊人。由此引起公安部门的高度重视和社会各届人士的普遍关注。有些部门和居民小区不得不派人白天守卫、夜间巡逻，并纷纷购置防护铁门、铁栏杆等被动防范措施，将主人装在铁笼子中以求安全。一旦发生警情(如火警或煤气泄漏)，才发现铁笼子将消防人员挡在事故现场之外，难以及时救助，实为弊端。从整顿市容角度来看，亦未为雅观。另外，小区内监控点大都分布在室外，而室内的案发情况难以掌握，不利于及时处理。以往传统的报警器以现场报警和电话语音报警为手段，以阻吓和告知为目的，难以做到及时了解警情、及时处理警情。
该项目正是基于这种考虑，设计开发了一套智能小区家庭安全系统，实现了报警定位和联动监控功能。有效地解决了案发时报警、报警地点的电子定位、视频联动监控等问题。
该系统基于DSP的图像处理技术、USB接口技术、MODEM技术使远程监控技术更进一步，使家居设备更加舒适化、规范化、人性化。当有人非法入侵时会触发相应的探测器，探测器通过无线方式(315MHz)向家庭报警主机发出报警，主机会立即将报警信息传送至报警中心或用户指定的电话上，并在报警中心的计算机屏幕上，以电子地图的形式显示出报警地点的位置，以便保安人员迅速出警；DSP通过USB接口、摄象头对现场图像进行采集，并压缩处理，并以公用电话网为基础，将图像信息通过MODEM上传报警中心，实现了视频联动监控，使保安人员能够及时地了解现场，另外，计算机还将相应的图像资料和用户资料记录下来，已备查阅。视频联动是该系统的创新点，提高了警情处理的效率和准确性。另外，紧急求助也是本系统的一大特点，现在很多老人独自居住，当夜间突然出现身体不适时，可以按下紧急求助按钮寻求帮助，防止悲剧的发生。当遇到非法侵入时，紧急求助可以起到恐吓以及报警等功能。
该系统涉及到了图像的压缩处理，所以选用了TI公司的高性能的新型DSPTMS320F2812作为中央处理器，它是一款32位处理器，指令处理速度高达150MIPS；片内资源丰富，可流水线操作。该系统的设计包含了软、硬件两大部分。
1．硬件部分：
1)基于DSP的家安系统方案设计。
2)USB主机控制器设计。
3)RS232接口(用于MODEM通信)设计。
4)CPLD的电路设计。
5)DTMF编解码电路的设计。
6)语音电路的设计。
7)电话接口电路的设计。
8)电源电路的设计。
9)热释传感器设计。
10)门磁位移传感器设计。
2．软件部分：
1)以DSP为核心的控制主机的软件总体设计。
2)上位机报警中心软件设计，包括警点定位和视频联动。
本文较详细地介绍了智能小区家庭安全系统设计和实现的方法及相关技术。对DSP芯片TMS320F2812、USB接口芯片SL811SH、DTMF编解码芯片MT88L89、语音芯片ISD1420和AP8821等作了相应的功能介绍；关于硬件部分的设计，给出了原理图，并作了相应的分析；关于软件部分的设计，首先对JPEG格式作了介绍，给出了软件的部分程序流程图，并附有部分程序清单。
该系统非常适用于小区、工厂等易于集中管理地方的安全防护工作，有很大的推广价值。
At present, with the large-scale development of cities, numbers of people pour into cities and bring pressure to social order. Robbery incidents have occurred in factories, offices and homes from time to time. Some is particularly serious and even causes serious losses. It results in public security departments and people's close attention. Some departments and residential areas begin to guard at daytime, patrol at night and purchases protective steel doors iron railing or other preventive measures. The hosts are kept in steel cages for security. Once events occurring (such as fire or gas leak), the steel cages will keep firefighters from entering. It's a real drawback. It's not a good thing for the rectification of the appearance of a city. In addition, most supervision points are outdoors and it is difficult to control the situation indoors and deal with it. By means of siren on the spot and telephone voice alarm, the traditional alarm devices are used to deter and inform. So it is difficult to acknowledg
e the invasion and deal with it promptly.This project is based on such considerations. We design and develop this intelligent community family security alarm system to realize the function of the setting of alarm location and video linkage supervision. It also effectively solves the problems of timely alarm, electronic positioning and video linkage supervision.
The system is based on DSP image processing technology, USB interface technology and modem technology to promote the remote monitoring technology and make home equipment more comfortable and humane. When the illegal invasion is found, corresponding detectors will be triggered and the detectors will send alarm signals to the families alarm monitor host through wireless means (315MHz). Then the host will immediately transmit alarm signals to the designated telephone or alarm center and show the location of the alarming spot on a computer screen in the form of digital maps. According to this, the security personnel can be sent to the place promptly. DSP collects and compresses the images on the spot through the USB interface and corresponding cameras. Moreover, based PSTN, it can upload images and information to alarm center by MODEM to achieve the functions of video linkage supervision. This will make it much easier for the guard to know the alarm information better. In addition, the corresponding images and users' data will be recorded for check. It is a innovation of the video linkage supervision. It improves the efficiency and accuracy of the handling of alarm incidents. In addition, emergency assistance is a major characteristic of this system. Many elderly people are living alone at present. When they suddenly feel unwell at night, they can press the emergency button for help to prevent the tragedies from happening. When confronted with illegal invasion, emergency assistance can be used as intimidation and alarm.
The system involves process of image compression, therefore, we will use TI's high-performance new-style DSP TMS320F2812 as CPU. It is a 32-bit high-speed DSP and the processing speed can be up to 150MIPS. It contains rich in-chip resources and can do pipelined operation. The design of the system includes software and hardware as two major parts.
Part 1 Hardware
1) Design of family security based on DSP
2) Design of controller of USB host
3) Design of interface of RS232(used for MODEM communication)
4) Design of circuit of CPLD
5) Design of DTMF codec circuit
6) Design of voice circuit
7) Design of phone interface circuit
8) Design of power circuit
9) Design of pyroelectric sensor
10) Design of magnetometer sensor
Part 2 Software
1) The software main design of control host based on DSP
2) PC alarm center software design, including the alarm location and the video linkage supervision
This paper gives a detailed introduction of design and the methodology of implementation and related technology of the intelligent community family security system. It also introduces the DSP chip TMS320F2812, the USB interface chip SL811H, DTMF codec chip MT8888 and voice chip ISD1420 and AP8821. On the hardware design, it offers diagram and the corresponding analysis. On the software, it firstly offers introduction of JPEG pattern and then part of program flowchart and at last with inventory procedures attached.
The system is very suitable to the places which is easy for centralized control, forexample, communities and factories. And it's great value for widely use.
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