摘要
语言和文化密不可分。语言不能脱离文化而存在,总是生长在一定的文化背景之中。翻译不仅是语言文字的转换活动,更是不同文化的交流和移植活动。面对翻译中的文化因素,翻译界一直存在到底是使用归化还是异化的分歧。然而,在当前全球化趋势的影响下,跨文化交际越来越频繁,不同的语言和文化之间的联系越来越紧密,完全封闭的民族几乎无法延续其存在,而绝对封闭的文化同样是不可想象的,世界各民族的文化都会与其它文化发生交往,不同语言文化之间存在显著的差异是一个不争的事实,而正是这种文化的异质性和文化交流的必要性决定了翻译中文化杂合的必然。本文通过对含有丰富文化内涵的文化专有词的举例分析,指出翻译策略是灵活的,文化杂合的存在表明任何翻译都很难说是完全的归化或是异化,而是两者兼而有之。文化专有词翻译中的杂合通过多种翻译策略的使用体现出来,不同文化能通过杂合得到更好的传播。通过杂合,既能使异域文化更好的被本土文化所吸收和采纳;又能保留更多的异域文化语言因素,丰富本土文化。只有这样才能做到既保持文化的民族性、个性,又使其在世界文化体系中互相借鉴、相互交融。也只有这样才能创造一个多种语言文化和谐共存的语言生态环境,使得不同形态的文化相互兼容、相互影响及相互促进,从而取得相济相调、相得益彰的积极效果,更好的促进不同文化之间的交流和发展。
以上是本文主旨,将通过五个章节来展开论述。第一章简单介绍了语言、文化与翻译的关系并回顾了翻译界中归化与异化之争;第二章探讨了杂合理论的形成发展及其在翻译研究中的应用;第三章讨论了杂合在文化专有词翻译中的体现——多种翻译策略的使用,表明任何翻译都很难说是完全的归化或是异化,而是两者兼而有之。不同文化能通过杂合得到更好的传播;第四章从两方面探讨了翻译中杂合的文化价值,一是对目的语的一种优化,二是能构建一个让多种语言文化和谐共存的语言生态环境。第五章是结论部分。指出在全球化趋势下,杂合势必成为不可回避的问题,杂合不会导致一种文化的衰落,而是吸收外来文化的重要手段。是促进文化传播的有效途径。
Language is closely related to culture. Language is the carrier of culture, culture is the soil where language exists. As an inter-linguistic and cross-cultural communication, translation is not only a process of conversion from one language to another, but also a process of culture transplantation. While dealing with cultural information in translation, there has been the argument between the adoption of domestication and foreignization. As a matter of fact, in a world characterized by globalization, with the rapid development of science and technology, cross-cultural communications are becoming increasingly extensive and frequent, cultural isolation can no longer exist. Different language cultures constantly exchange and complement with each other. The fact that there are obvious differences among different language cultures is undeniable. It is the cultural difference and the necessity of cultural communication that make hybridity in translation an inevitable fact.
Through analyzing some typical examples of culture-specific items, the thesis finds out that the choice of translation strategy is flexible, the existence of hybridity shows that domestication and foreignization are complementary translation strategies. Hybridity in translation of culture-specific items is represented by the multi-approaches adopted. The adoption of domestication and foreignization marks a translation with the characteristic of hybridity. Different cultures can be transmitted effectively in this hybrid space. On the one hand, through hybridity, foreign language culture can be better accepted and absorbed by the local culture; on the other hand, more alien cultural information can be retained, thus enriching the local language culture. Only in this way, can we retain the peculiarity of the local language culture, and at the same time introduce and promote the local language culture to the world culture system, creating a linguistic and cultural ecology in which different language cultures can live together, learn from each other and give a boost to each other's development.
The thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter one first introduces the relationship between language, culture and translation and then reviews the dichotomy between domestication and foreignization; Chapter two probes into the concept of hybridity in general and its use in translation in particular; Chapter three discusses the representations of hybridity in translation of culture-specific items by analyzing some typical examples, pointing out that in most translations, it is hard to say they are featured either by domestication or by foreignization. Actually, they are hybrids of the two. Different language cultures can be transmitted effectively through such a hybrid space. Chapter four makes a comment on the cultural value of hybridity in translation from two aspects, one is the optimization of the target language culture, the other is the constructing of a linguistic and cultural ecology where different language cultures can live together harmoniously; Chapter five is the conclusion, pointing out that in a world characterized by globalization, cultural hybridity is an inevitable trend. Hybridity is not a kind of contamination to local culture but an impetus to develop the local culture and fusing of various cultures. It is an effective vehicle of culture transmission.
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