摘要
先进制造技术尤其是Internet/Intranet和计算机仿真技术的飞速发展,正给制造业带来一场深刻的革命。数控系统走向网络化、集成化、虚拟化己成为必然的趋势。基于TCP/IP协议的网络通信技术正为制造领域中异地数控人才资源与机床设备资源找到了连接的纽带,数控加工仿真技术为验证数控程序的可靠性、防止干涉和碰撞的发生及预测加工过程提供了强有力的工具。对基于Internet/Intranet数控机床的通信与仿真问题的研究是顺应制造领域技术、设备和市场三者飞速发展和迫切要求的结果,具有重要的理论与实用价值。
本文以华中“世纪星”HNC-21数控铣床为例,对机床的通信与仿真问题进行深入研究,重点对几个关键技术问题进行了探讨:
基于国内传统机床大多没有以太网卡的情况,文章首先对串行通信的接口、通信原理和方法进行了研究,找到了VB通信控件的MSComm方法,有效地实现CNC与现场PC的串行通信。然后根据远程网络通信的要求,选择Windows提供的网络编程接口Socket,采用流行的Client/Server结构模式,在Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0编程环境下实现了网络共享平台的程序开发。该网络共享平台可以充分利用全球各地富余的编程智力资源、软件资源,还充分利用了不同企业不同类型的闲置数控设备资源,使各终端很好地实现了敏捷制造和协作制造。
在分析NC代码组成及特点基础上,通过EBNF定义了NC程序的语法规则,并使用Antlr技术快速构建编译器框架。采用平台无关的Java编程语言,在Eclipse开发平台上通过插件的辅助,简单高效地开发了一个NC编译器原型系统。以FANUC规范的NC程序作为输入对其进行测试,试验结果表明:该NC编译系统匹配速度快、精度高、通用性和兼容性好,可以准确地对NC程序进行翻译。在此基础上,本文深入研究了Java3D语言的一些功能和算法,运用JAVA3D技术快速构建了一个虚拟数控加工仿真系统原型,并在该系统中实现了NC代码的编译与刀具轨迹的仿真。
根据本文的研究内容与成果,成功开发出能满足实际制造需求的数控机床远程通信与加工仿真的原型系统。重点介绍了原型系统的两个子系统远程通信与数控仿真系统的实现方法、界面功能、操作过程等。在运行实例中,远程客户端PC将加工文件或NC代码等通过网络传输到服务器端PC,仿真系统监听status.properties文件中NC文件的状态,读取并自动进行虚拟加工仿真,实现了两个子系统无缝连接和可靠运行。
原型系统的开发为CAD/CAM技术的推广应用探索了一条切实可行的道路,也是把通信、图像、信息、软件等多学科专业先进技术引入机械制造领域所做的一项具有开创性的工作。
The rapid development of advanced manufacture technology, especially the Internet/Intranet and Computer Simulation technology, brings a deep revolution for manufacture industry. It has become a necessary trend for numerical control system towards networking, integration and virtualization. The network communication technology which based on TCP/IP treaty is finding a connecting tie for the separate numerical control human resource and machine tool resource in making field, NC machining simulation technique offers an effective tool for testing the liability of numerical control program and preventing interference and crash's happening and the process of prediction manufacturing. The research on the communication of numerical control machine and simulation based on Internet/Intranet is the result of adapting the rapid development and pressing requirement of technology, equipment and market in making field, which possesses important theoretical and practical value.
This essay takes Huazhong "Century star" HNC-21 numerical control milling machine as an example, and makes a further research on the communication of machine tool and simulation problem, it focus on several key technological problems.
Based on the fact that most traditional machine tool didn't have the Ethernet, this article started a research on the interface, communication principles and methods of serial communication. We found MSComm method of VB communication control which effectively implements CNC and the scene PC serial communication. According to the requirement of the remote communication, we choose internet program interface socket which windows provides, used the popular C/S model, to implement the program development of network sharing platform under the environment of Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 program. The Network sharing platform can fully uses the universal programming intelligent resource, software resource, idle NC equipment resources of different enterprises and different types, which commendably realize agile manufacturing and collaborative manufacturing of the terminals.
We define the NC program syntax rules by EBNF at the basis of analyzing NC code, and use Antlr technology to configure a compiler framework quickly. The NC complier prototype was implemented with java language, which could make it be independent of operating system, and at the Eclipse platform with the assistant of plug-in. The process was simple and efficient. We tested it with inputting FANUC NC program, the result shows that the system has fast matching speed, high precision, good versatility and compatibility, which make the system compile the NC program correctly. We had a deep research into JAVA3D functions and algorithms then developed a Virtual NC machining simulation system prototype, in which we implement NC compile and the simulation of tool path.
On the basis of above-mentioned research and achievements, we develop the CNC machine remote Communication and Machining Simulation prototype successfully, which can meet the practical manufacture need. Then introduce the subsystems of the prototype—remote communication system and virtual nc system, mainly about the implement method, the interface function, the operating process and so on. During the running cases, remote clients sent the NC file or NC code to server through Internet transmission, and the simulation system monitor the condition of NC files in status.Properties and read even begin the simulation process automatically, which implement the two subsystem closed connection and reliable running.
The development of prototype system has explored a practical way for the generalization used of CAD/CAM technology, and did a innovative job of introducing many advanced professional fields such as Communication, Image, Information, Software engineering and machinery manufacturing.
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