摘要
平原河网地区，水流流速缓慢，河流水质恶化，底泥淤积严重。底泥中的污染物质释放到上覆水体，会造成二次污染。笔者在查阅了大量的底泥释放方面文献后，发现底泥释放的影响因素众多，且较为复杂。鉴于一般水质模型对底泥释放项的模拟，或过于简单，无法体现河道的实际情况；或过于复杂，参数取值困难。笔者提出以底泥释放速率影响较大的水流条件作为研究对象，通过静态和动态相结合的室内底泥释放模拟实验研究不同水动力条件下营养物质在沉积物-水界面上的迁移、转化机制。
本文选取太湖流域河网的代表性河道底泥作为底泥释放的研究对象，研究指标包括COD、NH_3-N、TN、PO_4~(3-)、TP。室内静态模拟实验采用室内有机玻璃柱柱状实验模拟，研究在静止状态下物质在沉积物-水界面上的交换规律；动态释放模拟实验采用锥形瓶振荡实验研究底泥悬浮状态下物质的迁移规律，实验结果表明底泥的释放速率与流速成指数增长关系。
另一方面，将WASP5水质模型和三级联解河网水动力模型耦合得到平原河网水量水质模型，并根据WASP5模型的结构特点，基于实验结果改进底泥释放源项，使底泥释放项对河道水质的贡献能够在模型中体现时空的变化。采用张家港原型调水实验进行模型率定分析，结果发现采用动态底泥释放的水质模型的模拟结果明显比无底泥释放和静态释放的模拟效果好，从而验证了改进模型的合理性。
最后将本文建立的河网水质模型运用于2002年张家港地区的水质模拟，结果令人满意。说明本文建立的平原河网水量水质模型能够运用于平原河网区的水环境模拟。
Rivers in plan river network areas have some characters: velocity of flow is slow, water quality becomes worse, and sedimentation is serious. The contaminant from sediment releasing into water could cause "the second pollution". After consulting plenty of literatures about sediment releasing, the author found that there were complex factors can influence the sediment releasing. But some sediment model is too simple to incarnate the real condition of rivers, and others are too complex so that the parameters are difficult to ascertain. So the author choosed the biggish factor ofsediment releasing------hydrodynamic condition as the study object.This author usedstatic and dynamic experiments to simulate the sediment releasing rules in laboratory, which would be showed the rules of contaminant transference on the sediment-water surface in different hydrodynamic conditions.
This paper choosed some representative river sediments in Taihu basin as the study objects of sediment releasing.And the targets of study included COD、NH_3-N、TN、PO_4~(3-)、TP. The author used used glass poles simulate sediment static releasing. The relusts of experiment showed the rule of exchange on sediment-water surface in static condition. Dynamic experiments using the taper bottles oscillation to simulate the sediment releasing in different hydrodynamic conditions, which achieved that the sedimenet releasing changed by velocity with exponential growth.
The author coupled WASP5 water quality model with third-cascade river network hydrodynamic model to created hydraulics-water quality model in plan river network area. According to the configuration characters of WASP5 model, the author improved sediment releasing item, which adopted different forms in different current conditions. So this item can materialize movements at different time and space according to the experimental results. The author used the date of filed scale experiment in Zhang Jiagang area to calibrate the parameters of model. The result of improved model was better than other models. Finally this author used the model simulate water quality in 2002 in Zhang Jiagang river network area. The results achieved showed the coupling model can be used as a tool to simulate water environment in plain network area.
引文
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