增材制造:从3D到4D
摘要
科学家们受到来自植物的形状变形系统(如含羞草和猪笼草)启迪,研发出了仿生4D打印技术,利用功能材料的热敏效应(温度变化)、化学效应(包括水、pH值等)和光敏效应(没有温度变化),拓展了3D打印在智能纺织品、自动机器人、生物医学器械、药物输送和组织工程领域的应用。文章详细介绍了4D打印的材质包括金属、陶瓷、聚合物和复合材料;4D打印产品的应用包括航空航天(太空盔甲)、工业产品(电子设备和减震器)、日常生活(运动服)等。指出4D打印是在3D打印的基础上催生出的一种革命性的新技术,4D打印不仅仅是比3D多一个维度,更是赋予了产品灵性。4D打印与智能材料的完美融合将会创造出具有自组装或自变形功能的智能产品。
引文
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[17]苏亚东,王向明,吴斌,等.4D打印技术在航空飞行器研制中的应用潜力.航空材料学报,2018,38(2):59
[2]USS Harry S.Truman.US Navy approves fi rst metal 3D printed part for shipboard use[2018-10-12].https://navaltoday.com/2018/10/12/us-navy-approves-fi rst-metal-3d-printed-part-for-shipboard-use/
[3]余冬梅,方奥,张建斌.3D打印材料.金属世界,2014(5):6
[4]马駉,张全礼.4 D打印将引发新一轮军事变革.军事文摘,2017(9):58
[5]Sydney G A,Matsumoto E A,Nuzzo R G,et al.Biomimetic 4D printing.Nature Materials,2016,15(4):413
[6]Huang L,Jiang R,Wu J,et al.Ultrafast digital printing toward4D shape changing materials.Science Foundation in China,2017,29(1):1605390
[7]余冬梅,张建斌.3 D打印:定制化医疗修复.金属世界,2016(1):21
[8]Lee A Y,An J,Chua C K.Two-way 4D printing:A review on the reversibility of 3D-printed shape memory materials.Engineering,2017,3(5):663
[9]Ge Q,Dunn C K,Qi H J,et al.Active origami by 4D printing.Smart Materials and Structures,2014,23(9):094007
[10]Gladman A S,Matsumoto E A,Nuzzo R G,et al.Biomimetic 4D printing.Nature Materials,2016,15(4):413
[11]Yang H,Leow W R,Wang T,et al.3D printed photoresponsive devices based on shape memory composites.Advanced Materials,2017,29(33):1701627
[12]JPL-CALTEC.NASA’s space fabric is basically chain mail from the future.[2018-10-18].https://www.wired.com/story/nasa-fabricchain-mail-from-the-future
[13]Liu G,Zhao Y,Wu G,et al.Origami and 4D printing of elastomerderived ceramic structures.Science advances,2018,4(8):641
[14]Wang W,Yao L,Cheng C Y,et al.Harnessing the hygroscopic and biofl uorescent behaviors of genetically tractable microbial cells to design biohybrid wearables.Science Advances,2017,3(5):1601984
[15]Hoa S V.Factors affecting the properties of composites made by4D printing(moldless composites manufacturing).Advanced Manufacturing:Polymer&Composites Science,2017,3(3):101
[16]汪新刚,邵兆申.4D打印技术在卫星有效载荷中的应用展望.空间电子技术,2016(3):96
[17]苏亚东,王向明,吴斌,等.4D打印技术在航空飞行器研制中的应用潜力.航空材料学报,2018,38(2):59