国内外应对非洲猪瘟疫情的信息技术应用讨论
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摘要
【目的】通过挑选和梳理国内外借助信息技术在防控非洲猪瘟疫情方面的经验教训,在充分考虑我国生猪养殖范围分散、运输路程较长等劣势和信息化充分发展的优势下,提出借助信息化手段实现"防猪瘟、稳生产、保供给"的政策措施。【方法】通过数量分析和对比研究ASF对我国不同地区的猪肉供需形势造成的影响,以天津市为研究区详细研究其利用信息化技术防控传染源、跟踪监控传播路径、加强监管疫病携带体、引导生猪产业升级的经验,并绘制生猪产业链信息追溯体系流程。同时,整理归纳西班牙、古巴、俄罗斯等国在防控ASF方面的经验教训。【结果】利用信息技术提高生猪全产业链信息化水平,重点在生猪养殖、疫病防控、疫病处理、生猪及制品运输等方面提高物联网覆盖率,提升信息采集共享、数据加工分析、先兆预警等全方位的能力。【结论】文章结合我国实际情况,提出高水平规模化养殖、借助物联网筛查ASF发生点、构建疫情预警和紧急处置信息化平台、完善质量安全全程监管可追溯等四大重要措施,利用信息技术防控ASF、保障猪肉供给,充分发挥我国在信息化、数字化、网络化的优势,提高我国应对非洲猪瘟的能力。
[Purpose]This paper aims to provide suggestions on how to use IT technology to realize the integrated goals of "preventing ASF(African Swine Fever), stabilizing productions, and protect suggestions", based on some advanced cases in China and abroad. [Method]By quantitative analysis and comparisons of the influences of ASF on different regions' pork supply and demand in China, this paper selects Tianjin, which has shown good performances in preventing ASF and protecting supply as a case. It studies the use of IT to monitor infection sources track propagation paths and to strengthen supervision and control of epidemic carriers, and to upgrade the pig industry, and then to depict the traceability system flow of the qualified pork. This paper also provides a literature review on the relevant researches in Spain, Cuba, Russia, by summarizing the disadvantages of the pig industries infected by ASF and provides their experiences of preventing ASF. [Result]IT could be used to increase the information-level of the pig-raising industry, especially the links of the live pig breeding, epidemic prevention, epidemic treatment, and live pig and pork transport. It is expected to upgrade the IOT coverage, information selection and share, data dealt and analysis, and foreboding warning, which would realize the integrated goals of "preventing ASF, stabilizing productions, and protect suggestions". [Conclusion]Considering the current reality in China, this paper puts forward four measures to prevent ASF and purport pork supply by IT, which are high-level scaled breeding, ASF detection based on IOT, building information platform of epidemic prediction and emergency disposal, and perfecting the tracing process of quality and safety.
[Purpose]This paper aims to provide suggestions on how to use IT technology to realize the integrated goals of "preventing ASF(African Swine Fever), stabilizing productions, and protect suggestions", based on some advanced cases in China and abroad. [Method]By quantitative analysis and comparisons of the influences of ASF on different regions' pork supply and demand in China, this paper selects Tianjin, which has shown good performances in preventing ASF and protecting supply as a case. It studies the use of IT to monitor infection sources track propagation paths and to strengthen supervision and control of epidemic carriers, and to upgrade the pig industry, and then to depict the traceability system flow of the qualified pork. This paper also provides a literature review on the relevant researches in Spain, Cuba, Russia, by summarizing the disadvantages of the pig industries infected by ASF and provides their experiences of preventing ASF. [Result]IT could be used to increase the information-level of the pig-raising industry, especially the links of the live pig breeding, epidemic prevention, epidemic treatment, and live pig and pork transport. It is expected to upgrade the IOT coverage, information selection and share, data dealt and analysis, and foreboding warning, which would realize the integrated goals of "preventing ASF, stabilizing productions, and protect suggestions". [Conclusion]Considering the current reality in China, this paper puts forward four measures to prevent ASF and purport pork supply by IT, which are high-level scaled breeding, ASF detection based on IOT, building information platform of epidemic prediction and emergency disposal, and perfecting the tracing process of quality and safety.
引文
[1]刘青,周洁红,鄢贞.供应链视角下中国猪肉安全的风险甄别及政策启示—基于1624个猪肉质量安全事件的实证分析.中国畜牧杂志. 2016, 52(2):60~65.
[2]吴林海,卜凡,朱淀.消费者对含有不同质量安全信息可追溯猪肉的消费偏好分析.中国农村经济. 2012, 10:15~25, 48.
[3]吴林海,王淑娴, Wuyang Hu.消费者对可追溯食品属性的偏好和支付意愿:猪肉的案例.中国农村经济, 2014, 8:58~75.
[4]崔国庆,潘巧莲,岳草子,等.河南畜牧业生产形势及未来发展思考.中国畜牧杂志. 2019, 55(3):110~114.
[5]谢长城. 2018年中国饲料消费形势及原料供需格局变化.中国畜牧杂志, 2019, 55(4):153~156.
[6]国家统计局住户调查办公室.《中国住户调查年鉴(1982~2018)》中国住户调查年鉴.北京:中国统计出版社,2014.
[7]Lentz H H K, Andreas K, Philipp H, et al. Disease spread through animal movements:a static and temporal network analysis of pig trade in Germany. PLOS ONE, 2016, 11(5):e0155196.
[8]Hardstaff J L, Haèsler B, Rushton J R. Livestock trade networks for guiding animal health surveillance. BMC Veterinary Research, 2015, 11:82.
[9]Sergei K, Daniel B A, Andriy R, et al. African swine fever in the Russian Federation:risk factors for Europe and beyond.Empres Watch, 2018.
[10]Ordas A, Sauchez-Botija C, Diaz D. Epidemiological studies on ASF in Spain. Sassari:FAO/CEC Expert Consultation on ASF Research, 1981.
[11]Sime N-Negr N R, Efr As-Lepoureau M T. Trends in emerging viral infections of swine. Des Moines:Lowa State Press A Blackwell Publishing Company, 2002.
[12]戈胜强,孙成友,吴晓东,等.西班牙非洲猪瘟根除计划的经验与借鉴.中国兽医学报. 2016, 7(36):1256~1258.
[13]戈胜强,徐天刚,于家荣,等.古巴非洲猪瘟根除的经验与借鉴.中国动物检疫. 2019, 3(38):59~62.
[14]Schlafer D H, Mcvicar J W, Mebus C A. African swine fever convalescent sows:subsequent pregnancy and the effect of colostral antibody on challenge inoculation of their pigs. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 1984, 45(7):1361~1366.
[15]刘文丽,阳晴,陈洁,等.中国非洲猪瘟疫情风险防控体系研究.湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 45(3):307~311.
[2]吴林海,卜凡,朱淀.消费者对含有不同质量安全信息可追溯猪肉的消费偏好分析.中国农村经济. 2012, 10:15~25, 48.
[3]吴林海,王淑娴, Wuyang Hu.消费者对可追溯食品属性的偏好和支付意愿:猪肉的案例.中国农村经济, 2014, 8:58~75.
[4]崔国庆,潘巧莲,岳草子,等.河南畜牧业生产形势及未来发展思考.中国畜牧杂志. 2019, 55(3):110~114.
[5]谢长城. 2018年中国饲料消费形势及原料供需格局变化.中国畜牧杂志, 2019, 55(4):153~156.
[6]国家统计局住户调查办公室.《中国住户调查年鉴(1982~2018)》中国住户调查年鉴.北京:中国统计出版社,2014.
[7]Lentz H H K, Andreas K, Philipp H, et al. Disease spread through animal movements:a static and temporal network analysis of pig trade in Germany. PLOS ONE, 2016, 11(5):e0155196.
[8]Hardstaff J L, Haèsler B, Rushton J R. Livestock trade networks for guiding animal health surveillance. BMC Veterinary Research, 2015, 11:82.
[9]Sergei K, Daniel B A, Andriy R, et al. African swine fever in the Russian Federation:risk factors for Europe and beyond.Empres Watch, 2018.
[10]Ordas A, Sauchez-Botija C, Diaz D. Epidemiological studies on ASF in Spain. Sassari:FAO/CEC Expert Consultation on ASF Research, 1981.
[11]Sime N-Negr N R, Efr As-Lepoureau M T. Trends in emerging viral infections of swine. Des Moines:Lowa State Press A Blackwell Publishing Company, 2002.
[12]戈胜强,孙成友,吴晓东,等.西班牙非洲猪瘟根除计划的经验与借鉴.中国兽医学报. 2016, 7(36):1256~1258.
[13]戈胜强,徐天刚,于家荣,等.古巴非洲猪瘟根除的经验与借鉴.中国动物检疫. 2019, 3(38):59~62.
[14]Schlafer D H, Mcvicar J W, Mebus C A. African swine fever convalescent sows:subsequent pregnancy and the effect of colostral antibody on challenge inoculation of their pigs. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 1984, 45(7):1361~1366.
[15]刘文丽,阳晴,陈洁,等.中国非洲猪瘟疫情风险防控体系研究.湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 45(3):307~311.