页岩气水平井强化井壁水基钻井液研究
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摘要
利用物理或化学方法强化封堵页岩微纳米尺度裂缝是解决页岩气地层井壁失稳与井漏问题的技术关键。在研究页岩气地层井壁失稳机理基础上,探讨了通过钻井液物理-化学协同封堵强化页岩井壁稳定的机理。采用乳液聚合方法,研制了一种微纳米聚合物微球封堵剂,并利用压力传递实验、核磁共振等评价了微纳米聚合物微球封堵剂与化学封堵剂的协同封堵作用效果。研究表明,微纳米聚合物微球"吸附-架桥-可变形填充"、化学封堵剂"封堵-固结"两种封堵机理协同作用,能够在井壁周围形成连续、致密的承压封堵层,阻止压力传递与滤液侵入,实现物化协同封堵强化井壁的目的。进一步优化了页岩气地层强化井壁水基钻井液体系,密度达2. 0 g/cm~3时仍具有良好的流变、滤失及润滑性能,可有效地封堵页岩微纳米尺度缝隙、抑制页岩水化效应,为页岩气钻探开发提供了钻井液技术支撑。
Using physical or chemical methods to seal micro-scale and nano-scale fractures in shale is the key to solve the problem of wellbore instability and lost circulation of shale gas wells. The mechanism of enhancing shale wellbore stability through physical-chemical co-sealing of drilling fluid is discussed on the basis of studying the mechanism of shale gas formation wellbore instability. A micro nano polymer microsphere plugging agent was developed by emulsion polymerization. The synergistic plugging effect of the micro nano polymer microsphere plugging agent and chemical plugging agent was evaluated by pressure transmission experiment and nuclear magnetic resonance. The results show that,the synergistic effect of the " adsorption-bridging-deformable filling" mechanism of the micro nano polymer microsphere plugging agent with the " plugging-consolidation" mechanism of chemical plugging agent can form a continuous and compact plugging layer on well wall to prevent pressure transmission and filtrate invasion,and achieve the goal of strengthening the well wall. The addition of the micro nano polymer microsphere plugging agent further optimizes the comprehensive performance of water-based drilling fluid system. When the density of the drilling fluid reaches 2. 0 g/cm~3,it still has good rheological,filtration and lubrication properties. It can effectively plug micro-and nano-scale cracks in shale and inhibit the hydration effect of shale,and provides drilling fluid technical support for drilling development of shale gas.
Using physical or chemical methods to seal micro-scale and nano-scale fractures in shale is the key to solve the problem of wellbore instability and lost circulation of shale gas wells. The mechanism of enhancing shale wellbore stability through physical-chemical co-sealing of drilling fluid is discussed on the basis of studying the mechanism of shale gas formation wellbore instability. A micro nano polymer microsphere plugging agent was developed by emulsion polymerization. The synergistic plugging effect of the micro nano polymer microsphere plugging agent and chemical plugging agent was evaluated by pressure transmission experiment and nuclear magnetic resonance. The results show that,the synergistic effect of the " adsorption-bridging-deformable filling" mechanism of the micro nano polymer microsphere plugging agent with the " plugging-consolidation" mechanism of chemical plugging agent can form a continuous and compact plugging layer on well wall to prevent pressure transmission and filtrate invasion,and achieve the goal of strengthening the well wall. The addition of the micro nano polymer microsphere plugging agent further optimizes the comprehensive performance of water-based drilling fluid system. When the density of the drilling fluid reaches 2. 0 g/cm~3,it still has good rheological,filtration and lubrication properties. It can effectively plug micro-and nano-scale cracks in shale and inhibit the hydration effect of shale,and provides drilling fluid technical support for drilling development of shale gas.
引文
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[9] CLARKSON C R,SOLANO N,BUSTIN R M,et al. Pore structure characterization of North American shale gas reservoirs using USANS/SANS,gas adsorption,and mercury intrusion[J]. Fuel,2013,103:606-616.
[10] EWY RT,MORTON E K. Wellbore stability performance of water base mud additives[C]. SPE 116139,2008.
[11]LIU JY,QIU Z S,HUANG WA. Novel latex particles and aluminum complexes potential shale stabilizer in waterbased drilling fluids[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2015,135:433-441.
[12]徐加放,邱正松,吕开河.泥页岩水化-力学耦合模拟实验装置与压力传递实验新技术[J].石油学报,2005,26(6):115-118.XU Jiafang,QIU Zhengsong,LYU Kaihe. Pressure transmission testing technology and simulation equipment for hydra-mechanics coupling of shale[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2005,26(6):115-118.
[13]RAMIREZ M A,CLAPER D K,SANCHEZ G. Aluminumbased HPWBM successfully replace oil-based mud to drill exploratory wells in environmentally sensitive area[C].SPE 94437,2005.
[14]邱正松,徐加放,吕开河,等.“多元协同”稳定井壁新理论[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):117-119.QIU Zhengsong,XU Jiafang,LYU Kaihe,et al. A multivariate cooperation principle for well-bore stabilization[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):117-119.
[2] LIU J Y,QIU Z S,HUANG W A,et al. Experimental study on wellbore stability of fractured shale[J]. Energy Education Science and Technology Part A:Energy Science and Research,2004,32(2):1213-1218.
[3] ROSA R C,ROSA AL,FARIAS S B,et al. A new inhibitive water-based fluid:a completely cationic system[C].SPE 94523,2005.
[4] ZHONG Hanyi,QIU Zhengsong,HUANG Weian,et al.Poly(oxypropylene)-amidoamine modified bentonite as potential shale inhibitor in water-based drilling fluids[J].Applied Clay Science,2012,67-68(S1):36-43.
[5]邸伟娜,闫娜,叶海超.国外页岩气钻井液技术新进展[J].钻井液与完井液,2014,31(6):76-81.DI Weina,YAN Na,YE Haichao. Overseas new progresses in Nano drilling fluid technology for shale drilling[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2014,31(6):76-81.
[6] LANGLEY D. Drilling mud solutions:cracking the shale code[J]. Drilling Contractor,2011(6):1-5.
[7]闫丽丽,李丛俊,张志磊,等.基于页岩气“水替油”的高性能水基钻井液技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2015,32(5):1-6,101.YAN Lili,LI Congjun,ZHANG Zhilei,et al. High performance water base drilling fluid for shale gas drilling[J]. Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2015,32(5):1-6,101.
[8]周彤,张士诚,邹雨时,等.页岩气储层充填天然裂缝渗透率特征实验研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,31(1):73-78.ZHOU Tong,ZHANG Shicheng,ZOU Yushi,et al. Experimental study on permeability characteristics of filled natural fractures in shale gas reservoir[J]. Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2016,31(1):73-78.
[9] CLARKSON C R,SOLANO N,BUSTIN R M,et al. Pore structure characterization of North American shale gas reservoirs using USANS/SANS,gas adsorption,and mercury intrusion[J]. Fuel,2013,103:606-616.
[10] EWY RT,MORTON E K. Wellbore stability performance of water base mud additives[C]. SPE 116139,2008.
[11]LIU JY,QIU Z S,HUANG WA. Novel latex particles and aluminum complexes potential shale stabilizer in waterbased drilling fluids[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2015,135:433-441.
[12]徐加放,邱正松,吕开河.泥页岩水化-力学耦合模拟实验装置与压力传递实验新技术[J].石油学报,2005,26(6):115-118.XU Jiafang,QIU Zhengsong,LYU Kaihe. Pressure transmission testing technology and simulation equipment for hydra-mechanics coupling of shale[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2005,26(6):115-118.
[13]RAMIREZ M A,CLAPER D K,SANCHEZ G. Aluminumbased HPWBM successfully replace oil-based mud to drill exploratory wells in environmentally sensitive area[C].SPE 94437,2005.
[14]邱正松,徐加放,吕开河,等.“多元协同”稳定井壁新理论[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):117-119.QIU Zhengsong,XU Jiafang,LYU Kaihe,et al. A multivariate cooperation principle for well-bore stabilization[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):117-119.