外来入侵植物管理与控制成效的制约因素
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摘要
外来植物入侵对全球生态系统构成严重威胁,尽管入侵植物的管理与控制取得了一定进展,但要恢复被入侵生态系统、完成管控目标仍存在问题。本文对入侵植物管控成效的制约因素进行了综述,发现入侵植物管控过程中存在以下问题:(1)预防为主的管理原则不完全适用入侵管理;(2)入侵植物管理存在缺乏公众支持、生态责任主体单一及多头管理等缺陷;(3)入侵植物管理目标与社会管理目标及生态环境保护目标矛盾;(4)入侵植物控制措施成本高昂,易受环境因子限制,并产生负面生态效应;(5)目标入侵植物控制后可能产生入侵遗留效应并发生继发入侵。此外,全球变化在加速植物入侵的同时会改变人类观念,进一步增加了管控难度。据此,我们认为,未来应加强大时空尺度下入侵植物生态效应、入侵生境恢复、管控决策等方面的研究,以提升入侵植物管控成效,恢复植物入侵生态系统。
Biological invasion is one of the major causes of global biodiversity loss. Although some progress has been made in its management and control,there are still problems in restoring the invaded ecosystems and completing the management objectives. We reviewed the restraining factors on invasive plant management and control. The following problems are found in the management of invasive plants:( 1) the precautionary principle is not fully applicable to invasion managements;( 2) invasion management is facing the problems of lacking public participation,single ecological responsibility subject,and multiple management;( 3) target conflicts exist in management of invasion management and social management and ecological environmental protection;( 4) measures on invasive plants control are costly,susceptible to environmental factors,and common to produce side effects;( 5) legacy effects and secondary invasion emerged after target plants are controlled. In addition,global change may exacerbate plant invasion and change the concept of human beings,which will further increase the difficulty of control. Hence,to enhance the effectiveness of management and control efforts and restore invaded ecosystems,it is necessary to strengthen the research on ecological effects of invasive species,invaded habitat restoration,and management decision at large spatial and temporal scales.
Biological invasion is one of the major causes of global biodiversity loss. Although some progress has been made in its management and control,there are still problems in restoring the invaded ecosystems and completing the management objectives. We reviewed the restraining factors on invasive plant management and control. The following problems are found in the management of invasive plants:( 1) the precautionary principle is not fully applicable to invasion managements;( 2) invasion management is facing the problems of lacking public participation,single ecological responsibility subject,and multiple management;( 3) target conflicts exist in management of invasion management and social management and ecological environmental protection;( 4) measures on invasive plants control are costly,susceptible to environmental factors,and common to produce side effects;( 5) legacy effects and secondary invasion emerged after target plants are controlled. In addition,global change may exacerbate plant invasion and change the concept of human beings,which will further increase the difficulty of control. Hence,to enhance the effectiveness of management and control efforts and restore invaded ecosystems,it is necessary to strengthen the research on ecological effects of invasive species,invaded habitat restoration,and management decision at large spatial and temporal scales.
引文
邓自发,欧阳琰,谢晓玲,等.2010.全球变化主要过程对海滨生态系统生物入侵的影响.生物多样性,6(6):605-614.
鞠瑞亭,李慧,石正人,等.2012.近十年中国生物入侵研究进展.生物多样性,5(20):581-611.
齐月,李俊生,闫冰,等.2016.化学除草剂对农田生态系统野生植物多样性的影响.生物多样性,24(2):228-236.
全国明,毛丹鹃,章家恩,等.2016.五爪金龙、南美蟛蜞菊入侵对土壤化学和微生物学性质的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,22(2):437-449.
许光耀,李洪远,孟伟庆,等.2018a.“Secondary Invasion”释义辨析及植物继发入侵.生态学杂志,37(12):3780-3786.
许光耀,李洪远,莫训强,等.2018b.入侵植物生态效应及其影响因素研究进展.安全与环境学报,1(18):375-380.
许小过,聂超仁.2014.浅析园林绿化工程建设中的腐败问题及对策.现代园艺,(7):144-145.
张辉,唐国强.2011.除草剂产生危害的原因及其防控措施.现代农业科技,(17):174-175.
周浙昆.2017.格桑花是什么.民主与科学,(3):38-41.
Bleeker WA,Schmitz UB,Ristow M.2007.Interspecific hybridisation between alien and native plant species in Germany and its consequences for native biodiversity.Biological Conservation,37:248-254.
Buckley YM,Catford J.2016.Does the biogeographic origin of species matter?Ecological effects of native and non-native species and the use of origin to guide management.Journal of Ecology,104:4-17.
Butler JL,Wacker SD.2010.Lack of native vegetation recovery following biological control of leafy spurge.Rangeland Ecology and Management,63:553-563.
Caplat P,Hui C,Maxwell BD,et al.2014.Cross-scale management strategies for optimal control of trees invading from source plantations.Biological Invasions,16:677-690.
Carter ET,Ravesi MJ,Eads BC,et al.2017.Invasive plant management creates ecological traps for snakes.Biological Invasions,19:443-453.
Catford JA,Baumgartner JB,Vesk PA,et al.2016.Disentangling the four demographic dimensions of species invasiveness.Journal of Ecology,104:1745-1758.
Corbin JD,D’Antonio CM.2012.Gone but not forgotten?Invasive plants’legacies on community and ecosystem properties.Invasive Plant Science and Management,5:117-124.
Courchamp F,Fournier A,Bellard C,et al.2017.Invasion Biology:Specific problems and possible solutions.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,1:13-22.
de Winton M,Edwards T,Wells R,et al.2013.Review of best management practices for aquatic vegetation control in stormwater ponds,wetlands,and lakes.[EB/OL].[2019-2-18].https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/handle/10289/7999.
Dickens SJM,Mangla S,Preston KL,et al.2016.Embracing variability:Environmental dependence and plant community context in ecological restoration.Restoration Ecology,24:119-127.
Dickie IA,Bennett BM,Burrows LE,et al.2014.Conflicting values:Ecosystem services and invasive tree management.Biological Invasions,16:705-719.
Eviner VT,Garbach K,Baty JH,et al.2012.Measuring the effects of invasive plants on ecosystem services:Challenges and prospects.Invasive Plant Science and Management,5:125-136.
Gioria M,Pyek P,MoravcováL.2012.Soil seed banks in plant invasions:Promoting species invasiveness and longterm impact on plant community dynamics.Preslia,84:327-350.
Hester SM,Cacho OJ,Dane Panetta F,et al.2013.Economic aspects of post-border weed risk management.Diversity and Distributions,19:580-589.
Hirsch H,Gallien L,Impson FAC,et al.2017.Unresolved native range taxonomy complicates inferences in invasion ecology:Acacia dealbata Link as an example.Biological Invasions,19:1715-1722.
Hussner A,Stiers I,Verhofstad MJJM,et al.2017.Management and control methods of invasive alien freshwater aquatic plants:A review.Aquatic Botany,136:112-137.
Hyndman RJ,Mesgaran MB,Cousens RD.2015.Statistical issues with using herbarium data for the estimation of invasion lag-phases.Biololical Invasions,17:3371-3381.
Kerr DW,Hogle IB,Ort BS,et al.2016.A review of 15 years of Spartina management in the San Francisco Estuary.Biological Invasions,18:2247-2266.
Kessler AC,Merchant JW,Allen CR,et al.2011.Impacts of invasive plants on Sandhill Crane(Grus canadensis)roosting habitat.Invasive Plant Science and Management,4:369-377.
Kettenring KM,Adams CR.2011.Lessons learned from invasive plant control experiments:A systematic review and metaanalysis.Journal of Applied Ecology,48:970-979.
Kleunen MV,Dawson W,Essl F,et al.2015.Global exchange and accumulation of non-native plants.Nature,525:100-107.
Kuebbing SE,Nuez MA.2015.Negative,neutral,and positive interactions among nonnative plants:Patterns,processes,and management implications.Global Change Biology,21:926-934.
Lee AK,Ayres DR,Pakenham-Walsh MR,et al.2016.Responses to salinity of Spartina hybrids formed in San Francisco Bay,California(S.alterniflora×foliosa and S.densiflora×foliosa).Biological Invasions,18:2207-2219.
Low T.2012.Australian acacias:Weeds or useful trees.Biological Invasions,14:2217-2227.
MacDougall AS,Turkington R.2005.Are invasive species the drivers or passengers of change in degraded ecosystems.Ecology,86:42-55.
Magnoli SM,Kleinhesselink AR,Cushman JH.2013.Responses to invasion and invader removal differ between native and exotic plant groups in a coastal dune.Oecologia,173:1521-1530.
Mahoney SM,Theimer TC,Johnson MJ,et al.2017.Similar dietary but different numerical responses to nonnative tamarisk(Tamarix spp.)by two native warblers.Biological Invasions,19:1935-1950.
Mascaro J,Hughes RF,Schnitzer SA.2012.Novel forests maintain ecosystem processes after the decline of native tree species.Ecological Monographs,82:221-238.
Mason NWH,Palmer DJ,Vetrova V,et al.2017.Accentuating the positive while eliminating the negative of alien tree invasions:A multiple ecosystem services approach to prioritising control efforts.Biological Invasions,19:1181-1195.
McLean P,Gallien L,Wilson JRU,et al.2017.Small urban centres as launching sites for plant invasions in natural areas:Insights from South Africa.Biological Invasions,19:3541-3555.
Mozdzer TJ,Langley JA,Mueller P,et al.2016.Deep rooting and global change facilitate spread of invasive grass.Biological Invasions,18:2619-2631.
Nackley LL,West AG,Skowno AL,et al.2017.The nebulous ecology of native invasions.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,32:814-824.
Neilan W,Catterall CP,Kanowski J,et al.2006.Do frugivorous birds assist rainforest succession in weed dominated oldfield regrowth of subtropical Australia.Biological Conservation,3:393-407.
Ortega YK,Pearson DE.2011.Long-term effects of weed control with picloram along a gradient of spotted knapweed invasion.Rangeland Ecology and Management,64:67-77.
Pearson DE,Ortega YK,Runyon JB,et al.2016.Secondary invasion:The bane of weed management.Biological Conservation,197:8-17.
Proche,Wilson JRU,Richardson DM,et al.2012.Native and naturalized range size in Pinus:Relative importance of biogeography,introduction effort and species traits.Global Ecology and Biogeography,21:513-523.
Pyke CR,Thomas R,Porter RD,et al.2008.Current practices and future opportunities for policy on climate change and invasive species.Conservation Biology,22:585-592.
Pyek P,Pergl J,Essl F,et al.2017.Naturalized alien flora of the world:Species diversity,taxonomic and phylogenetic patterns,geographic distribution and global hotspots of plant invasion.Preslia,89:203-274.
Simberloff D.2014.Biological invasions:What’s worth fighting and what can be won.Ecological Engineering,65:112-121.
Smith LM,Schmitz OJ.2015.Invasive plants may promote predatormediated feedback that inhibits further invasion.Ecology and Evolution,5:2411-2419.
Souza-Alonso P,Gonzlez L.2017.Don’t leave me behind:Viability of vegetative propagules of the clonal invasive Carpobrotus edulis and implications for plant management.Biological Invasions,19:2171-2183.
Strong DR,Ayres DA.2016.Control and consequences of Spartina spp.invasions with focus upon San Francisco Bay.Biological Invasions,18:2237-2246.
Swope SM,Satterthwaite WH.2012.Variable effects of a generalist parasitoid on a biocontrol seed predator and its target weed.Ecological Applications,22:20-34.
Tassin J,Kull CA.2015.Facing the broader dimensions of biological invasions.Land Use Policy,42:165-169.
Tonnabel J,Tattersall I,Simmen B,et al.2011.Decline and demographic changes in the population of the near threatened brown lemur eulemur fulvus on mayotte.Oryx,45:608-614.
Touza J,Pérez-alonso A,Chas-amil ML,et al.2014.Explaining the rank order of invasive plants by stakeholder groups.Ecological Economics,105:330-341.
van Wilgen BW,Fill JM,Baard J,et al.2016.Historical costs and projected future scenarios for the management of invasive alien plants in protected areas in the Cape Floristic Region.Biological Conservation,200:168-177.
Vaz AS,Kueffer C,Kull CA,et al.2017.Integrating ecosystem services and disservices:Insights from plant invasions.Ecosystem Services,23:94-107.
Vitule JRS,Freire CA,Vazquez DP,et al.2012.Revisiting the potential conservation value of non-native species.Conservation Biology,26:1153-1155.
Waller DM,Mudrak EL,Amatangelo KL,et al.2016.Do associations between native and invasive plants provide signals of invasive impacts.Biological Invasions,18:3465-3480.
Zhang L,Chen X,Wen D.2016.Interactive effects of rising CO2and elevated nitrogen and phosphorus on nitrogen allocation in invasive weeds Mikania micrantha and Chromolaena odorata.Biological Invasions,18:1391-1407.
鞠瑞亭,李慧,石正人,等.2012.近十年中国生物入侵研究进展.生物多样性,5(20):581-611.
齐月,李俊生,闫冰,等.2016.化学除草剂对农田生态系统野生植物多样性的影响.生物多样性,24(2):228-236.
全国明,毛丹鹃,章家恩,等.2016.五爪金龙、南美蟛蜞菊入侵对土壤化学和微生物学性质的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,22(2):437-449.
许光耀,李洪远,孟伟庆,等.2018a.“Secondary Invasion”释义辨析及植物继发入侵.生态学杂志,37(12):3780-3786.
许光耀,李洪远,莫训强,等.2018b.入侵植物生态效应及其影响因素研究进展.安全与环境学报,1(18):375-380.
许小过,聂超仁.2014.浅析园林绿化工程建设中的腐败问题及对策.现代园艺,(7):144-145.
张辉,唐国强.2011.除草剂产生危害的原因及其防控措施.现代农业科技,(17):174-175.
周浙昆.2017.格桑花是什么.民主与科学,(3):38-41.
Bleeker WA,Schmitz UB,Ristow M.2007.Interspecific hybridisation between alien and native plant species in Germany and its consequences for native biodiversity.Biological Conservation,37:248-254.
Buckley YM,Catford J.2016.Does the biogeographic origin of species matter?Ecological effects of native and non-native species and the use of origin to guide management.Journal of Ecology,104:4-17.
Butler JL,Wacker SD.2010.Lack of native vegetation recovery following biological control of leafy spurge.Rangeland Ecology and Management,63:553-563.
Caplat P,Hui C,Maxwell BD,et al.2014.Cross-scale management strategies for optimal control of trees invading from source plantations.Biological Invasions,16:677-690.
Carter ET,Ravesi MJ,Eads BC,et al.2017.Invasive plant management creates ecological traps for snakes.Biological Invasions,19:443-453.
Catford JA,Baumgartner JB,Vesk PA,et al.2016.Disentangling the four demographic dimensions of species invasiveness.Journal of Ecology,104:1745-1758.
Corbin JD,D’Antonio CM.2012.Gone but not forgotten?Invasive plants’legacies on community and ecosystem properties.Invasive Plant Science and Management,5:117-124.
Courchamp F,Fournier A,Bellard C,et al.2017.Invasion Biology:Specific problems and possible solutions.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,1:13-22.
de Winton M,Edwards T,Wells R,et al.2013.Review of best management practices for aquatic vegetation control in stormwater ponds,wetlands,and lakes.[EB/OL].[2019-2-18].https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/handle/10289/7999.
Dickens SJM,Mangla S,Preston KL,et al.2016.Embracing variability:Environmental dependence and plant community context in ecological restoration.Restoration Ecology,24:119-127.
Dickie IA,Bennett BM,Burrows LE,et al.2014.Conflicting values:Ecosystem services and invasive tree management.Biological Invasions,16:705-719.
Eviner VT,Garbach K,Baty JH,et al.2012.Measuring the effects of invasive plants on ecosystem services:Challenges and prospects.Invasive Plant Science and Management,5:125-136.
Gioria M,Pyek P,MoravcováL.2012.Soil seed banks in plant invasions:Promoting species invasiveness and longterm impact on plant community dynamics.Preslia,84:327-350.
Hester SM,Cacho OJ,Dane Panetta F,et al.2013.Economic aspects of post-border weed risk management.Diversity and Distributions,19:580-589.
Hirsch H,Gallien L,Impson FAC,et al.2017.Unresolved native range taxonomy complicates inferences in invasion ecology:Acacia dealbata Link as an example.Biological Invasions,19:1715-1722.
Hussner A,Stiers I,Verhofstad MJJM,et al.2017.Management and control methods of invasive alien freshwater aquatic plants:A review.Aquatic Botany,136:112-137.
Hyndman RJ,Mesgaran MB,Cousens RD.2015.Statistical issues with using herbarium data for the estimation of invasion lag-phases.Biololical Invasions,17:3371-3381.
Kerr DW,Hogle IB,Ort BS,et al.2016.A review of 15 years of Spartina management in the San Francisco Estuary.Biological Invasions,18:2247-2266.
Kessler AC,Merchant JW,Allen CR,et al.2011.Impacts of invasive plants on Sandhill Crane(Grus canadensis)roosting habitat.Invasive Plant Science and Management,4:369-377.
Kettenring KM,Adams CR.2011.Lessons learned from invasive plant control experiments:A systematic review and metaanalysis.Journal of Applied Ecology,48:970-979.
Kleunen MV,Dawson W,Essl F,et al.2015.Global exchange and accumulation of non-native plants.Nature,525:100-107.
Kuebbing SE,Nuez MA.2015.Negative,neutral,and positive interactions among nonnative plants:Patterns,processes,and management implications.Global Change Biology,21:926-934.
Lee AK,Ayres DR,Pakenham-Walsh MR,et al.2016.Responses to salinity of Spartina hybrids formed in San Francisco Bay,California(S.alterniflora×foliosa and S.densiflora×foliosa).Biological Invasions,18:2207-2219.
Low T.2012.Australian acacias:Weeds or useful trees.Biological Invasions,14:2217-2227.
MacDougall AS,Turkington R.2005.Are invasive species the drivers or passengers of change in degraded ecosystems.Ecology,86:42-55.
Magnoli SM,Kleinhesselink AR,Cushman JH.2013.Responses to invasion and invader removal differ between native and exotic plant groups in a coastal dune.Oecologia,173:1521-1530.
Mahoney SM,Theimer TC,Johnson MJ,et al.2017.Similar dietary but different numerical responses to nonnative tamarisk(Tamarix spp.)by two native warblers.Biological Invasions,19:1935-1950.
Mascaro J,Hughes RF,Schnitzer SA.2012.Novel forests maintain ecosystem processes after the decline of native tree species.Ecological Monographs,82:221-238.
Mason NWH,Palmer DJ,Vetrova V,et al.2017.Accentuating the positive while eliminating the negative of alien tree invasions:A multiple ecosystem services approach to prioritising control efforts.Biological Invasions,19:1181-1195.
McLean P,Gallien L,Wilson JRU,et al.2017.Small urban centres as launching sites for plant invasions in natural areas:Insights from South Africa.Biological Invasions,19:3541-3555.
Mozdzer TJ,Langley JA,Mueller P,et al.2016.Deep rooting and global change facilitate spread of invasive grass.Biological Invasions,18:2619-2631.
Nackley LL,West AG,Skowno AL,et al.2017.The nebulous ecology of native invasions.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,32:814-824.
Neilan W,Catterall CP,Kanowski J,et al.2006.Do frugivorous birds assist rainforest succession in weed dominated oldfield regrowth of subtropical Australia.Biological Conservation,3:393-407.
Ortega YK,Pearson DE.2011.Long-term effects of weed control with picloram along a gradient of spotted knapweed invasion.Rangeland Ecology and Management,64:67-77.
Pearson DE,Ortega YK,Runyon JB,et al.2016.Secondary invasion:The bane of weed management.Biological Conservation,197:8-17.
Proche,Wilson JRU,Richardson DM,et al.2012.Native and naturalized range size in Pinus:Relative importance of biogeography,introduction effort and species traits.Global Ecology and Biogeography,21:513-523.
Pyke CR,Thomas R,Porter RD,et al.2008.Current practices and future opportunities for policy on climate change and invasive species.Conservation Biology,22:585-592.
Pyek P,Pergl J,Essl F,et al.2017.Naturalized alien flora of the world:Species diversity,taxonomic and phylogenetic patterns,geographic distribution and global hotspots of plant invasion.Preslia,89:203-274.
Simberloff D.2014.Biological invasions:What’s worth fighting and what can be won.Ecological Engineering,65:112-121.
Smith LM,Schmitz OJ.2015.Invasive plants may promote predatormediated feedback that inhibits further invasion.Ecology and Evolution,5:2411-2419.
Souza-Alonso P,Gonzlez L.2017.Don’t leave me behind:Viability of vegetative propagules of the clonal invasive Carpobrotus edulis and implications for plant management.Biological Invasions,19:2171-2183.
Strong DR,Ayres DA.2016.Control and consequences of Spartina spp.invasions with focus upon San Francisco Bay.Biological Invasions,18:2237-2246.
Swope SM,Satterthwaite WH.2012.Variable effects of a generalist parasitoid on a biocontrol seed predator and its target weed.Ecological Applications,22:20-34.
Tassin J,Kull CA.2015.Facing the broader dimensions of biological invasions.Land Use Policy,42:165-169.
Tonnabel J,Tattersall I,Simmen B,et al.2011.Decline and demographic changes in the population of the near threatened brown lemur eulemur fulvus on mayotte.Oryx,45:608-614.
Touza J,Pérez-alonso A,Chas-amil ML,et al.2014.Explaining the rank order of invasive plants by stakeholder groups.Ecological Economics,105:330-341.
van Wilgen BW,Fill JM,Baard J,et al.2016.Historical costs and projected future scenarios for the management of invasive alien plants in protected areas in the Cape Floristic Region.Biological Conservation,200:168-177.
Vaz AS,Kueffer C,Kull CA,et al.2017.Integrating ecosystem services and disservices:Insights from plant invasions.Ecosystem Services,23:94-107.
Vitule JRS,Freire CA,Vazquez DP,et al.2012.Revisiting the potential conservation value of non-native species.Conservation Biology,26:1153-1155.
Waller DM,Mudrak EL,Amatangelo KL,et al.2016.Do associations between native and invasive plants provide signals of invasive impacts.Biological Invasions,18:3465-3480.
Zhang L,Chen X,Wen D.2016.Interactive effects of rising CO2and elevated nitrogen and phosphorus on nitrogen allocation in invasive weeds Mikania micrantha and Chromolaena odorata.Biological Invasions,18:1391-1407.