福建明溪丝栗栲优势群落的结构稳定性
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摘要
分别设置天然次生林(TCK)、轻度干扰林分(TCR)、强度干扰林分(TCQ)3种处理,通过分析群落的物种组成和径级结构、主要树种的重要值、种群年龄结构与类型、丝栗栲的混交度与角尺度等,探讨了福建省明溪县天然丝栗栲优势群落结构稳定性。结果表明,TCK处理林分表现出典型的中亚热带常绿阔叶林特征,群落结构较为稳定,呈现进展演替趋势,为成熟种群类型;优势树种丝栗栲的混交度均值为0.61,林木为强度混交,角尺度均值为0.528,林木呈团状分布,林木径级结构呈倒"J"型分布,后备资源优势明显。随着干扰强度增大,TCR、TCQ处理优势树种丝栗栲的混交度、角尺度降低,林木为中度混交,呈随机分布或均匀分布,后备资源优势受到削弱,群落遭到一定程度破坏,将威胁常绿阔叶林的生长进程,甚至导致群落出现逆行演替趋势。
Three treatments, i.e., natural secondary forest(TCK), slight disturbance forest(TCR) and strong disturbance forest(TCQ), were set up to analyze the species composition and diameter structure of the community, the important values of main tree species, the age structure and type of the population, the mixed degree and the angular scale of Castanopsis fargesii and to discuss the structural stability of the dominant community of C.fargesii in Mingxi, Fujian. The results showed that the TCK-treated stands showed typical characteristics of the mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. The community structure was relatively stable showing a trend of progressive succession and overall performance of a mature population type. The mean mixing degree of C.fargesii was 0.61, the forest was mixed with intensity, trees are strength blending. The average angular scale was 0.528, the trees were cluslered, and the forest-diameter structure showed an inverted J-shap distribution, and the reserve resources had obvious advantages. With the increase of disturbance intensity, the mixed degree and angular scale of the dominant species of TCR and TCQ were decreased, and the trees were moderately mixed, showing a random or even distribution. The advantage of reserve resources was weakened, and the community was destroyed to some extent, which would threaten the growth process of evergreen broad-leaved forest and even lead to a retrograde succession trend of the community.
Three treatments, i.e., natural secondary forest(TCK), slight disturbance forest(TCR) and strong disturbance forest(TCQ), were set up to analyze the species composition and diameter structure of the community, the important values of main tree species, the age structure and type of the population, the mixed degree and the angular scale of Castanopsis fargesii and to discuss the structural stability of the dominant community of C.fargesii in Mingxi, Fujian. The results showed that the TCK-treated stands showed typical characteristics of the mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. The community structure was relatively stable showing a trend of progressive succession and overall performance of a mature population type. The mean mixing degree of C.fargesii was 0.61, the forest was mixed with intensity, trees are strength blending. The average angular scale was 0.528, the trees were cluslered, and the forest-diameter structure showed an inverted J-shap distribution, and the reserve resources had obvious advantages. With the increase of disturbance intensity, the mixed degree and angular scale of the dominant species of TCR and TCQ were decreased, and the trees were moderately mixed, showing a random or even distribution. The advantage of reserve resources was weakened, and the community was destroyed to some extent, which would threaten the growth process of evergreen broad-leaved forest and even lead to a retrograde succession trend of the community.
引文
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[2] 史济彦,肖生灵.生态性采伐系统[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2001:6-14.
[3] 陈波.不同生境中常绿阔叶树种栲树果实性状的研究[J].浙江林学院学报,2003,20(2):128-133.
[4] 陈波,达良俊,宋永昌.常绿阔叶林内和林窗中栲树的种子萌发和幼苗生长[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2002,10(3):207-214.
[5] 童书振,叶芬,张建国,等.丝栗栲林生长与生产力的研究[J].林业科学研究,1997,10(6):612-618.
[6] 刘光正,林小凡,岳军伟,等.常绿阔叶林主要建群树种林木生长规律的研究[J].江西林业科技,2014,42(6):1-9.
[7] 潘尧燕.低产丝栗栲次生林林分特征研究[J].林业勘察设计(福建),2010(1):74-76.
[8] 林捷,叶功富,何建源,等.武夷山丝栗栲天然林群落的物种多样性研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2005,27(3):340-344.
[9] 高祥阳.缙云山栲树衰退及其幼苗更新[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.
[10] 范海兰,洪伟,吴承祯,等.福建大田栲树次生林优势种群结构与动态[J].植物资源与环境学报,2004,13(3):44-49.
[11] 左政,郑小贤.福建三明栲树种群结构研究[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(1):81-87.
[12] 宋坤,达良俊,杨同辉,等.栲树种群的年龄结构及其生长特征[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(2):254-260.
[13] 苏建苗.广西大青山马尾松、红椎纯林及其混交林生物生产力研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2011.
[14] 曲仲湘,吴玉树,王焕校,等.植物生态学[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,1983:102-118.
[15] 惠刚盈,GADOW K V,ALBERT M.角尺度——一个描述林木个体分布格局的结构参数[J].林业科学,1999,35(1):37-42.
[16] 惠刚盈,胡艳波.混交林树种空间隔离程度表达方式的研究[J].林业科学研究,2001,14(1):23-27.
[17] 惠刚盈,胡艳波.角尺度在林分空间结构调整中的应用[J].林业资源管理,2006(2):31-35.
[18] 苏志尧,吴大荣.粤北天然林优势种群结构与空间格局动态[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(3):337-341.
[19] 邵青还.对近自然林业理论的诠释和对我国林业建设的几项建议[J].世界林业研究,2003,16(6):1-5.
[20] 齐联.我国森林期待健康[J].中国林业,2004(13):27-28.