基于Trajec 3D的硬岩人工路堑边坡滚石运动范围预测
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摘要
滚石的运动范围包括横向运动距离和纵向偏移范围,是滚石防护设计工作的依据。本文基于Trajec 3D软件,以连云港某硬质岩人工路堑边坡为计算模型,通过数值模拟的方法探讨了滚石运动范围在不同滚石质量、形状以及平台铺设条件下的变化规律。结果表明:(1)对于硬质岩边坡而言潜在的不稳定岩体一旦启动即可形成滚石并构成滚石灾害,可采用数值模拟和现场试验相结合的方法研究滚石运动范围,从而针对性的设计防护网达到减少滚石灾害带来的损失;(2)文中设定的五个质量水平中,中等质量的滚石其横向威胁范围大,纵向偏移比则随着质量的增大而减小;(3)近球状滚石横向运动距离大,棱角突出的滚石纵向偏移范围大,防护设计工作应具有针对性;(4)不同平台铺设条件对滚石运动范围具有显著的影响,平台碰撞恢复系数越小滚石的运动范围越小。
The influence range of rolling stones includes the range of lateral movement and the range of longitudinal offset,which is the basis for rolling stone protection design. Based on Trajec 3 D software,this paper takes the artificial cutting slope of a hard rock in Lianyungang as the calculation model,and discusses the variation law of the influence range of the rolling stone under the quality,shape and slope condition of different rolling stones through numerical simulation. The results show that:( 1) For the hard road slope,if the potential unstable rock mass starts up,it will form rolling stones and form a rolling stone disaster. The combination of active and passive protection can be adopted.( 2) In the four quality levels set up in this paper,the lateral threat scope of medium quality rolling stones is large,and the longitudinal offset ratio decreases with the increase of mass;( 3) The vertical movement range of the nearly spherical rolling stones is large and the longitudinal migration range of the rolling stones with a sharp angle is large,so the protection design work should be targeted;( 4) Different slope conditions have a significant impact on the influence range of rolling stones,and the smaller the collision recovery coefficient of the slope is,the smaller the influence range of rolling stones will be.
The influence range of rolling stones includes the range of lateral movement and the range of longitudinal offset,which is the basis for rolling stone protection design. Based on Trajec 3 D software,this paper takes the artificial cutting slope of a hard rock in Lianyungang as the calculation model,and discusses the variation law of the influence range of the rolling stone under the quality,shape and slope condition of different rolling stones through numerical simulation. The results show that:( 1) For the hard road slope,if the potential unstable rock mass starts up,it will form rolling stones and form a rolling stone disaster. The combination of active and passive protection can be adopted.( 2) In the four quality levels set up in this paper,the lateral threat scope of medium quality rolling stones is large,and the longitudinal offset ratio decreases with the increase of mass;( 3) The vertical movement range of the nearly spherical rolling stones is large and the longitudinal migration range of the rolling stones with a sharp angle is large,so the protection design work should be targeted;( 4) Different slope conditions have a significant impact on the influence range of rolling stones,and the smaller the collision recovery coefficient of the slope is,the smaller the influence range of rolling stones will be.
引文
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[2]沈均，何思明，吴永．滚石灾害研究现状及发展趋势[J]．灾害学，2008(4):122-125.SHEN Jun,HE Siming,WU Yong. Present research and development trend of rock fall hazards[J]. Journal of Catastrophology,2008(4):122-125.
[3] CHEN G,ZHENG L,ZHANG Y,et al. Numerical simulation in rockfall analysis:a close comparison of2D and 3D DDA[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2013,46(3):527-531.
[4]周晓宇，陈艾荣，马如进．滚石柔性防护网耗能规律数值模拟[J]．长安大学学报(自然科学版)，2012,32(6):59-66.ZHOU Xiaoyu,CHEN Ai’rong,MA Rujin. Numerical simulation of energy dissipation mechanism on falling rocks protection nets[J]. Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition),2012,32(6):59-66.
[5]罗祥，石少卿，严庆平，等．利用废旧轮胎防治滚石的数值模拟分析[J]．中国地质灾害与防治学报，2011,22(4):36-40.LUO Xiang,SHI Shaoqing,YAN Qingping,et al.Numerical analysis of rock fall prevention using discarded tries[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geology Hazard and Control,2011,22(4):36-40.
[6]贺咏梅，阳友奎．崩塌落石SNS柔性防护系统的设计选型与布置[J]．公路，2001(11):14-20.HE Yongmei,YANG Youkui. Design selecting type and arrangement of SNS flexible protection system in rockfall field[J]. Highway,2001(11):14-20.
[7]熊剑，邓辉．滚石运动模拟分析与危险性评价[J]．路基工程，2015(3):51-54.XIONG Jian,DENG Hui. Simulation analysis and risk assessment of rockfall movement[J]. Subgrade Engineering,2015(3):51-54.
[8] PALMA B,PARIS M,REICHENBACH P,et al.Rockfall hazard assessment along a road in the Sorrento Peninsula,Campania,southern Italy[J].Natural Hazards,2012,61(1):187-201.
[9]黄雨，孙启登，许强．滚石运动特性研究新进展[J]．振动与冲击，2010,29(10):31-35.HUANG Yu,SUN Qideng,XU Qiang,et al. New development of rockfall kinematics study[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(10):31-35.
[10]余波，李珂．滚石碰撞冲击数值模拟分析[J]．中国水运，2014,14(7):112-113.YU Bo,LI Ke. Numerical simulation analysis of rolling stone impact[J]. China Water Transport,2014,14(7):112-113.
[11] AZZONI A, BARBERA G L, ZANINETTI A.Analysis and prediction of rockfalls using a mathematical model[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1995,32(7):709-724.
[12]叶四桥，巩尚卿．落石碰撞法向恢复系数的模型试验研究[J]．中国铁道科学，2015,36(4):13-19.YE Siqiao,GONG Shangqing. Research on normal restitution coefficient of rockfall collision by model tests[J]. China Railway Science,2015,36(4):13-19.