环境中微塑料的源头管控
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摘要
微塑料作为一类新型环境污染物受到越来越多的关注。论文对微塑料的危害、环境行为以及源头管控措施进行了综述。由于塑料性质稳定,进入环境后能长期存在,还可随着摄食等行为进入生物体内,并经食物链最终影响人类自身的健康。因此,建议加强对废弃塑料的管理,加大政策法规的执行力度,从源头上减少塑料垃圾和微塑料进入自然环境,以推动塑料加工业和生态环境的可持续发展。
As a new environmental pollutants, microplastics have attracted more and more attention. This paper reviews the harm,environmental behavior and source control measures of microplastics. Because of the stable nature of plastic, it can exist for a long time after entering the environment. It can also enter the organism through the behavior of feeding, and finally affect the health of human beings through the food chain. Therefore, it is suggested to strengthen the management of waste plastics, strengthen the enforcement of policies and regulations,reduce plastic waste and microplastics from the source into the natural environment, so as to promote the sustainable development of plastic processing industry and ecological environment.
As a new environmental pollutants, microplastics have attracted more and more attention. This paper reviews the harm,environmental behavior and source control measures of microplastics. Because of the stable nature of plastic, it can exist for a long time after entering the environment. It can also enter the organism through the behavior of feeding, and finally affect the health of human beings through the food chain. Therefore, it is suggested to strengthen the management of waste plastics, strengthen the enforcement of policies and regulations,reduce plastic waste and microplastics from the source into the natural environment, so as to promote the sustainable development of plastic processing industry and ecological environment.
引文
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[11]Gewert B,Plassmann M M,Mac Leod M,et al.Pathways for Degradation of Plastic Polymers Floating in the Marine Environment[J].Environmental Science:Processes&Impacts,2015,17(9):1513-1521.
[12]Rochman C M,Hoh E,Hentschel B T,et al.Long-Term Field Measurement of Sorption of Organic Contaminants to Five Types of Plastic Pellets:Implications for Plastic Marine Debris[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2012,47(3):1646-1654.
[13]Wang J D,Peng J P,Tan Z,et al.Microplastics in the Surface Sediments from the Beijiang River littoral Zone:Composition,Abundance,Surface Textures and Interaction with Heavy Metals[J].Chemosphere,2017(171):248-258.
[2]邓义祥,雷坤,安立会,等.我国塑料垃圾和微塑料污染源头控制对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2018,33(10):1042-1051.
[3]Arthur C,Baker J,Bamford H.Proceedings of the International Research Workshop on the Occurrence,Effects,and Fate of Microplastic Marine Debris.NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS-OR&R-30[C].2009.
[4]Eerkes M D,Thompson R C,Aldridge D C.Microplastics in Freshwater Systems:A Review of the Emerging Threats,Identification of Knowledge Gaps and Prioritisation of Research Needs[J].Water Research,2015(75):63-82.
[5]Eriksen M,Lebreton L C M,Carson H S,et al.Plastic Pollution in the World’s Oceans:More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250 000 Tons Afloat at Sea[J].PLo S One,2014,9(12):e111913.
[6]国家海洋局.2017年中国海洋生态环境状况公报[EB/OL].http://aoc.ouc.edu.cn/18/9c/c9828a202908/pagem.htm.
[7]吴辰熙,潘响亮,施华宏,等.我国淡水环境微塑料污染与流域管控策略[J].中国科学院院刊,2018,33(10):1012-1020.
[8]Wright S L,Thompson R C,Galloway T S.The Physical Impacts of Microplastics on Marine Organisms:A Review[J].Environmental Pollution,2013(178):483-492.
[9]殷岑,魏梦碧,刘会会.微塑料污染现状及对海洋生物影响的研究进展[J].环境监控与预警,2018,10(06):1-11.
[10]周倩,章海波,李远,等.海岸环境中微塑料污染及其生态效应研究进展[J].科学通报,2015,60(33):3210-3220.
[11]Gewert B,Plassmann M M,Mac Leod M,et al.Pathways for Degradation of Plastic Polymers Floating in the Marine Environment[J].Environmental Science:Processes&Impacts,2015,17(9):1513-1521.
[12]Rochman C M,Hoh E,Hentschel B T,et al.Long-Term Field Measurement of Sorption of Organic Contaminants to Five Types of Plastic Pellets:Implications for Plastic Marine Debris[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2012,47(3):1646-1654.
[13]Wang J D,Peng J P,Tan Z,et al.Microplastics in the Surface Sediments from the Beijiang River littoral Zone:Composition,Abundance,Surface Textures and Interaction with Heavy Metals[J].Chemosphere,2017(171):248-258.