庐山植物园迁地保育的12种杜鹃观测初探
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摘要
对江西省庐山植物园杜鹃专类园迁地保育的12种杜鹃进行了3年的物候及开花期与展叶期观测研究,结果表明:(1)开花最早的为马缨杜鹃,开花最晚的为喇叭杜鹃;杜鹃露蕾时颜色最深、开放后花冠逐渐变大,但花色慢慢变淡,至花谢时花冠变小枯萎;花和果最大的是广福杜鹃,背绒杜鹃最小。(2)展叶最早的是红色闹羊花,展叶最晚的为喇叭杜鹃,白花红滩杜鹃的叶片最大,背绒杜鹃叶片最小。(3)物候发生时间随年度不同而有波动,但物候发生次序和开花期与展叶期规律未见随年份而变化。这些物候观测及开花期与展叶期特征为加强杜鹃迁地保育及园林应用提供了参考。
The study of the phenology observations and flowering and leafing type of 12 Rhododendron species was conducted for conserved ex situ in Rhododendron themed gardens in Lushan Botanical Garden. The results showed that(1)The earliest flowering was Rhododendron delavayi, and the latest flowering was R. discolor. Rhododendron had the deepest color when it showed buds, and the corolla gradually became larger after it opened, but the flower color slowly became lighter, and the crown became small and withered when the flower was gone. The largest size of flower and fruit was Rhododendron kwangfuense, the smallest size was R.hypoblematosum.(2)The earliest leaflet was Rhododendron molle var.rubrum, and the latest leaflet was R. discolor; the largest leaf size was Rhododendron chihsinianum, and the smallest leaf size was R.hypoblematosum.(3) The phenological occurrence time fluctuated with the year, but the phenological occurrence sequence and the law of flowering and leafing did not change with the year. The phenology observations and flowering and leafing type provided a reference for strengthening conservation and landscape application of Rhododendron.
The study of the phenology observations and flowering and leafing type of 12 Rhododendron species was conducted for conserved ex situ in Rhododendron themed gardens in Lushan Botanical Garden. The results showed that(1)The earliest flowering was Rhododendron delavayi, and the latest flowering was R. discolor. Rhododendron had the deepest color when it showed buds, and the corolla gradually became larger after it opened, but the flower color slowly became lighter, and the crown became small and withered when the flower was gone. The largest size of flower and fruit was Rhododendron kwangfuense, the smallest size was R.hypoblematosum.(2)The earliest leaflet was Rhododendron molle var.rubrum, and the latest leaflet was R. discolor; the largest leaf size was Rhododendron chihsinianum, and the smallest leaf size was R.hypoblematosum.(3) The phenological occurrence time fluctuated with the year, but the phenological occurrence sequence and the law of flowering and leafing did not change with the year. The phenology observations and flowering and leafing type provided a reference for strengthening conservation and landscape application of Rhododendron.
引文
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[16]冯正波,庄平,张超,等.野生杜鹃花迁地保护适应性评价[J].云南那植物研究,2004,26(5):497-506.
[17]李晓花,王书胜,宋满珍.庐山植物园杜鹃属植物资源及其园林应用[J].中国园林,2013(02):79-82.
[18]宋满珍,詹选怀,蒋波,等.庐山蕨类植物资源及其开发利用[J].吉林农业大学学报,2012,34(2):166-170.
[19]李晓花,唐山,王凯红,等.庐山植物园杜鹃花资源及其在庐山风景区的应用[J].生态科学,2017,36(3):123-131.
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[22]刘永书,张乐华,刘向平著.江西杜鹃花[M].江西:科学技术出版社,2004.
[2]赵冰,张果,司国臣,等.秦岭野生杜鹃花属植物种质资源调查研究[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(1):104-109.
[3]兰熙,张乐华,张金政,等.杜鹃花属植物育种研究进展[J].园艺学报,2012,39(9):1829-1838.
[4]耿玉英.西藏林芝地区杜鹃花属植物资源考察及分类学考证[J].中国园艺文摘,2010,(l1):36-38.
[5]曹晓娟,刘建军,杨梅.太白山5中杜鹃属植物叶片光合特性及解剖结构的生态适应性研究[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(12):2483-2491.
[6]赵冰,付玉梅,丁惠惠,等.Ca2+处理对秦岭高山杜鹃耐热性的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2010,25(6):29-32.
[7]张乐华.杜鹃属植物的引种适应性研究[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2004,28(4):92-96.
[8]张乐华,刘向平,王凯红,等.杜鹃属植物种植育苗研究[J].园艺学报,2006,33(6):1361-1364.
[9]ZHANG Lehua,WANG Shusheng,GUO Wenfang,et al.Effect of indole-3-butyric acid and rooting media on rooting response of semi-hardwood cuttings of Rhododendron fortunei[J].Propagation of Ornamental Plants,2015,15(2):79-86.
[10]庄平.四川都江堰迁地保育的42种杜鹃属植物开花-展叶物候节律[J].生物多样性,2014,22(4):458-466.
[11]王书胜,李晓花,张乐华,等.激素种类与浓度对鹿角杜鹃扦插繁殖的影响及其评价[J].广西植物,2014,34(2):227-234.
[12]吴士章,赵卫权,兰序书,等.贵州西部百里杜鹃生长发育与生态气候的相关研究[J].贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,2009,27(1):9-13.
[13]LIU Yimei,ZHANG Lehua,LIU Zhen,et al.Species identification of Rhododendron(Ericaceae)using the chloroplast DNA psbA-trnH genetic marker[J].Pharmacognosy Magazine,2012,8(29):29-36.
[14]金则新,李钧敏,顾奇萍.云锦杜鹃自然居群遗传多样性的ISSR分析[J].园艺学报,2006,33(6):1263-1267.
[15]苏雪痕.英国引种中国园林植物种质资源史实及应用概况[J].园艺学报,1987,14(2):133-138.
[16]冯正波,庄平,张超,等.野生杜鹃花迁地保护适应性评价[J].云南那植物研究,2004,26(5):497-506.
[17]李晓花,王书胜,宋满珍.庐山植物园杜鹃属植物资源及其园林应用[J].中国园林,2013(02):79-82.
[18]宋满珍,詹选怀,蒋波,等.庐山蕨类植物资源及其开发利用[J].吉林农业大学学报,2012,34(2):166-170.
[19]李晓花,唐山,王凯红,等.庐山植物园杜鹃花资源及其在庐山风景区的应用[J].生态科学,2017,36(3):123-131.
[20]胡琳贞,方明渊.中国植物志(第57卷,第2分册)[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.
[21]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会中国植物志(第57卷·第3分册杜鹃花科)[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[22]刘永书,张乐华,刘向平著.江西杜鹃花[M].江西:科学技术出版社,2004.