东江源区水文站网现状分析与优化设计
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摘要
立足水文站网现状及存在问题,依据水文监测改革指导要求,以遵循导则满足水文传统业务要求、以需求为导向拓展水文服务功能、主动作为策应各项护源政策实施、适度超前满足山区源头类水生态研究需要、立足现状优化提升水文站网综合功能5个主要原则,从服务于最严格水资源管理、生态补偿、"河长制"工作、监测地热水与地质变化、降雨径流特性分析、监控稀土矿修复治理、分析果业开发影响、监控水库群泥沙变化、加强落实水资源双控管理、评估水生态系统修复效果10条设计思路对水文站网进行调整、优化、完善、提升。整合后监测站点由94站上升到105站,主要监测要素由9项147处拓展到14项319处。优化后的水文站网监测要素齐全、站网密度大、功能多样,实现了对东江源区水资源各监测要素较为完整的时间和空间分布变化控制,便于掌握研究其水文特性,满足不同层次不同目标水文信息需求。同时,也便于水文部门实行站队结合开展水文巡测,充分发挥了一站多项和单站综合功能,提高了站网的社会效益和经济效益,为江西省"赣、饶、信、抚、修"五河源头区保护监测提供示范。
Based on the current situation and existing problems of the hydrological network, and according to the requirements of the hydrological monitoring reform, and the five principles of meeting the requirements for the traditional hydrological affairs based on guidelines, expanding the hydrological services based on demand, actively implementing various source protection policies, moderately satisfying the needs for ecological study on river sourced from mountainous regions in advance, and optimizing and improving the comprehensive functions of hydrological network based on the status quo, the hydrological network is adjusted, optimized and improved with 10 design ideas, including strict management of water resources, ecological compensation, "river chief system", monitoring of geothermal water and geological changes, rainfall-runoff characteristic analysis, control of restoration and treatment of rare earth mines, analysis of the impact of fruit industry development, monitoring of sediment changes in reservoirs, strengthening and implementation of dual control management of water resources, and assessment of the effects of water ecosystem restoration. After the integration, the number of monitoring station increased from 94 to 105, and the number of main monitoring elementsrose from 147 in 9 items to 319 in 14 items. The optimized hydrological network is featured with complete monitoring elements, high network density and diverse functions, which achieves a complete control for the temporal and spatial distribution of monitoring elements of water resources in source region of Dongjiang River to studyits hydrological characteristics and meet the hydrological information needs in different levels and targets. At the same time, it offers the convenience for the hydrological department to implement the hydrological survey in cooperation with the other team, gives full play to the monitoring of many elements in one station and comprehensive elements in all stations, improves the social and economic benefits of the network, and provides the demonstration for the protection monitoring on source regions of "Ganjiang River, Raohe River, Xinjiang River, Fuhe River, Xiuhe River".
Based on the current situation and existing problems of the hydrological network, and according to the requirements of the hydrological monitoring reform, and the five principles of meeting the requirements for the traditional hydrological affairs based on guidelines, expanding the hydrological services based on demand, actively implementing various source protection policies, moderately satisfying the needs for ecological study on river sourced from mountainous regions in advance, and optimizing and improving the comprehensive functions of hydrological network based on the status quo, the hydrological network is adjusted, optimized and improved with 10 design ideas, including strict management of water resources, ecological compensation, "river chief system", monitoring of geothermal water and geological changes, rainfall-runoff characteristic analysis, control of restoration and treatment of rare earth mines, analysis of the impact of fruit industry development, monitoring of sediment changes in reservoirs, strengthening and implementation of dual control management of water resources, and assessment of the effects of water ecosystem restoration. After the integration, the number of monitoring station increased from 94 to 105, and the number of main monitoring elementsrose from 147 in 9 items to 319 in 14 items. The optimized hydrological network is featured with complete monitoring elements, high network density and diverse functions, which achieves a complete control for the temporal and spatial distribution of monitoring elements of water resources in source region of Dongjiang River to studyits hydrological characteristics and meet the hydrological information needs in different levels and targets. At the same time, it offers the convenience for the hydrological department to implement the hydrological survey in cooperation with the other team, gives full play to the monitoring of many elements in one station and comprehensive elements in all stations, improves the social and economic benefits of the network, and provides the demonstration for the protection monitoring on source regions of "Ganjiang River, Raohe River, Xinjiang River, Fuhe River, Xiuhe River".
引文
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[3] 曾金凤.东江源区氨氮指标浓度时空变化及影响因素分析[J].人民珠江,2015,36(4):23-27.
[4] 中华人民共和国水利部.关于深化水文监测改革指导意见通知(水文[2016]275号)[Z].2016.
[5] 李国英.黄河流域水文站网布设与调整研究[J].人民黄河,2009(12):1-3.
[6] 姚章民,谢志强,沈鸿金.珠江三角洲地区水文站网布设及水文测验的分析研究[J].水文,2013(5):20-24.
[7] 黄修东,宋君,封常周.大沽河流域水文站网现状与优化[J].中国水利,2016(3):61-62.
[8] 丁义,朱成涛,蹇德平.雅砻江流域水文站网规划与建设[J].人民长江,2013(6):1-3.
[9] 林旭韧.广东省水文站网现状与发展分析[J].水文,2006(12):88-89.
[10] 江西省水利厅.江西省地表水环境水功能区划[R].2007.
[11] 赣州市水利局.东江源区水生态系统保护与修复规划报告[R].2017.
[12] 中华人民共和国水利部.SL 34—2013水文站网规划技术导则[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2013.
[13] 网易新闻.财政部、环境保护部举行东江流域上下游横向生态补偿机制协议签署仪式[N/OL].(2016-10-19)[2018-09-04].http://news.163.com/16/1019/15/C3OJK41A000187VE.html.
[14] 水利部珠江水利委员会.珠江水资源保护规划[R].2017.
[15] 曾金凤,刘旗福,刘玉春.东江源区水生态监测与保护研究基地规划设想[J].人民珠江,2017,38(8) :13-17.
[16] 东江源区生态环境保护工作大事记[N].文汇报,2012-12-20[2018-09-04].
[17] 国家环境保护总局.关于确定首批开展生态环境补偿试点地区的通知[Z].2008.
[18] 江西省人民政府.江西省关于加强“五河一湖”及东江源头环境保护的若干意见[Z].2009.
[19] 江西省水利厅.粤赣东江流域防洪安全和水资源保障合作框架协议[Z].2013.
[20] 中华人民共和国水利部.关于开展全国重要江河湖泊水功能区纳污能力核定和分阶段限制排污总量控制方案制定工作的通知[Z].2007.
[21] 赣州市人民政府网.东江流域上下游生态补偿项目建设情况介绍[EB/OL].(2017-09-20)[2018-09-04].http://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/c100168/2017-09/20/content_42763a298 d8f4c06b08bba9e26f07ed7.shtml.