沙漠型景区旅游安全风险评价——以宁夏沙坡头景区为例
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摘要
沙漠型景区以其资源独特性备受青睐,较高的生态旅游价值造成游客量骤增、热门项目集中等现象,但基于其脆弱的生态系统,频繁的旅游活动加剧了沙漠型景区旅游安全风险,威胁到沙漠旅游的可持续发展。鉴于此,以宁夏典型沙漠型景区沙坡头为研究对象,以2011—2016年为时间序列,构建旅游安全风险评价指标、评价模型和评价方法,研究旅游安全风险情况,将景区旅游安全风险划分为五级。结果表明:2011—2016年沙坡头景区旅游安全风险整体呈降低趋势,但存在两个旅游安全风险高值区;2016年,整体上景区旅游安全风险处于较低风险区。依据沙坡头景区不同等级风险区的划分,并基于景区实际情况提出了差异化风险调控建议。
The desert scenic spot is favored by its unique resources. The high eco-tourism value causes the phenomena such as the sudden increase of tourists and the concentration of hot items. However, because of its fragile ecosystem, frequent tourism activities aggravate the tourism safety of desert scenic areas and threat the sustainable development of desert tourism. Therefore, taking the Shapotou which is the typical desert scenic area in Ningxia as the research object, taking 2011-2016 as a time series, the paper constructs tourism security risk assessment indicators, evaluation model and evaluation method to study its tourism security risk. The tourism security risk of the scenic area is divided into five levels. The results showed that Shapotou scenic area has a low overall tourism security risk in 2011-2016, but there are still two high-value areas for tourism safety risk. In 2016, the overall tourism security risk of the scenic spot is in a lower risk area. According to the division of different levels of risk areas in Shapotou scenic area and the actual situation of the scenic spot, the paper proposes some differentiated risky control suggestions.
The desert scenic spot is favored by its unique resources. The high eco-tourism value causes the phenomena such as the sudden increase of tourists and the concentration of hot items. However, because of its fragile ecosystem, frequent tourism activities aggravate the tourism safety of desert scenic areas and threat the sustainable development of desert tourism. Therefore, taking the Shapotou which is the typical desert scenic area in Ningxia as the research object, taking 2011-2016 as a time series, the paper constructs tourism security risk assessment indicators, evaluation model and evaluation method to study its tourism security risk. The tourism security risk of the scenic area is divided into five levels. The results showed that Shapotou scenic area has a low overall tourism security risk in 2011-2016, but there are still two high-value areas for tourism safety risk. In 2016, the overall tourism security risk of the scenic spot is in a lower risk area. According to the division of different levels of risk areas in Shapotou scenic area and the actual situation of the scenic spot, the paper proposes some differentiated risky control suggestions.
引文
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[2] 董瑞杰,董治宝,吴晋峰.沙漠生态旅游适宜度评价[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(4):1177-1183.
[3] Schmallegger D,Taylor A,Carson D.Rejuvenating outback tourism through market diversification:the case of the flinders ranges in South Australia[J].International Journal of Tourism Research,2011,13(4):384-399.
[4] Vaghefi N,Siwar C,Aziz SAAG.Green economy:issues,approach and challenges in Muslim countries Negin Vaghefi[J].Theoretical Economics Letters,2015,5(1):28-35.
[5] Sabokkhiz M,Sabokkhiz S.Sustainable development through desert tourism planning:a SWOT approach[C]//Brebbia C A,Pineda F D.Sustainable Tourism IV.London,UK:WIT Press,2010:359-366.
[6] 薛晨浩.旅游活动对沙漠生态环境的影响研究——以宁夏沙漠景区为例[D].银川:宁夏大学,2014.
[7] 李陇堂,薛晨浩,任婕,等.基于模糊理论的宁夏沙漠旅游环境影响综合评价[J].旅游研究,2015,7(2):45-51.
[8] 李陇堂,薛晨浩,张至楠,等.沙漠型景区游步道沿线生态环境对踩踏干扰的响应[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(4):1048-1056.
[9] 张志楠.旅游对沙漠型旅游景区沙坡形态影响研究——以沙坡头滑沙区为例[D].银川:宁夏大学,2015.
[10] 杨莲莲.宁夏沙坡头景区体验项目承载力研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2015.
[11] 张冠乐,李陇堂,王艳茹,等.宁夏沙湖景区生态旅游环境容量[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(4):1153-1161.
[12] 石磊,李陇堂,张冠乐,等.基于LAC理论的沙漠型景区旅游环境容量研究[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(6):1739-1747.
[13] 刘海洋,吴月,王乃昂,等.中国沙漠旅游气候舒适度评价[J].资源科学,2013,35(4):831-838.
[14] 薛晨浩,李陇堂,任婕,等.宁夏沙漠旅游适宜度评价[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(3):901-910.
[15] 叶宜好.沙漠旅游景区价值评估研究——以沙坡头和巴丹吉林景区为例[D].兰州:兰州大学,2014.
[16] 张冠乐,李陇堂,王艳茹,等.沙漠型景区景观价值评价方法[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(5):1463-1471.
[17] 王伟伟,王文瑞.中国A级沙漠旅游景区空间结构研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2016.
[18] 席建超,张瑞英,赵美风,等.青藏铁路沿线旅游安全风险评价[J].山地学报,2012,30(6):737-746.
[19] 赵怀琼,王明贤.旅游安全风险系统研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,16(1):17-21.
[20] 白四座.旅游安全风险管理探析(上)[N].中国旅游报,2007-04-20(08).
[21] 白四座.旅游安全风险管理探析(中)[N].中国旅游报,2007-04-25(13).
[22] 白四座.旅游安全风险管理探析(下)[N].中国旅游报,2007-04-27(07).
[23] 陆春燕.旅游安全风险管理与对策研究[J].广西民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2008,30(4):135-138.
[24] 李萌,孙伟.旅游风险教育:意义、内容与途径[J].国际商务研究,2008,2:27-30.
[25] 周丽君.山地景区旅游安全风险评价与管理研究——以长白山景区为例[D].长春:东北师范大学,2012.
[26] 石飞.川藏公路沿线旅游安全风险分析[J].地域研究与开发,2014,33(4):115-120.
[27] 石飞.青藏、川藏公路沿线旅游安全风险对比分析[D].西宁:青海师范大学,2014.
[28] 王杏.基于拥挤视角下的旅游安全风险识别与评估——以黄山风景区为例[D].芜湖:安徽师范大学,2016.
[29] 王德志.海螺沟山地景区旅游安全风险评价体系研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2016.
[30] 张小月.基于未确知测度的区域旅游风险评价:以恩施自治州为例[D].宜昌:三峡大学,2016.
[31] 何国萍.浅析我国景区旅游安全风险防范体系的建立[J].旅游学刊,2014,30(4):19-23.
[32] Maskrey A.Disaster Mitigation:A Community Based Approach[M].Oxford,UK:Oxfam,1989.
[33] 管梦鸾,张正偲,董治宝.风沙灾害风险评估研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(5):978-988.
[34] Okada N,Tatano H,Hagihara Y,et al.Integrated research on methodological development of urban diagnosis for disaster risk and its applications[J].Disaster Prevention Research Institute Annuals,Kyoto University,2004,47(C):1-8.
[35] 张继权,李宁.主要气象灾害风险评价与管理的数量化方法及其应用[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2007.
[36] 赵立祥,刘婷婷.事故因果连锁理论评析[J].经济论坛,2009,456(8):96-97.
[37] 张西林.旅游安全事故成因机制初探[J].经济地理,2003,23(4):542-546.
[38] International Organization for Standardization.Risk Management-Principles and Guidelines[Z].Geneva,Switzerland:ISO Working Group on Risk Management,2009.
[39] 姚晓英,罗明春,史俊刚.张家界国家森林公园游客安全意识研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报(社会科学版),2013,7(1):17-19.