苜蓿-禾草混播比例与组合对牧草饲用价值的影响
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摘要
在科尔沁沙地以无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)、垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)和虉草(Phalaris arundinacea)等3种禾本科牧草与紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)按豆禾行数比1∶1,2∶2,1∶2和2∶1建植2组分混播草地,分析了混播比例和混播组合对二年龄混播禾草和苜蓿饲用价值的影响.结果表明,混播比例和混播组合对混播禾草和苜蓿饲用价值有明显影响.头茬豆禾2∶2处理禾草中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量极显著高于1∶1处理,而禾草粗蛋白质(CP)含量1∶1处理最高;三茬豆禾1∶2处理禾草NDF含量显著高于2∶2处理,ADF含量2∶1处理显著低于1∶1和2∶2处理,禾草CP含量2∶2处理最高,1∶2处理禾草CP含量最低.苜蓿酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量在第二茬草中豆禾2∶1处理显著高于2∶2和1∶2处理,第三茬苜蓿CP含量1∶2处理显著高于1∶1和2∶2处理.在头茬、二茬和三茬草中,禾草相对饲用价值(RFV)分别以虉草-紫花苜蓿行数比1∶1,无芒雀麦-紫花苜蓿行数比1∶2和虉草-紫花苜蓿行数比2∶2组合最高,苜蓿RFV值分别以披碱草-紫花苜蓿行数比1∶2,披碱草-紫花苜蓿行数比1∶2和虉草-紫花苜蓿行数比1∶2组合最高.
Double grass species mixtures were established at four intercropping ratios of legume:grass(1∶1,2∶2,1∶2 and 2∶1)in the Horchin Sandy Land. The legume-grass mixtures included alfalfa(Medicago sativa)and three grasses(Bromus inermis,Elymus nutans,and Phalaris arundinacea)to investigate their effects on forage value of two-year-old mixed grass and alfalfa. Mixed ratios and combinations had significant effects on the mixed grass and alfalfa forage value. In the first cutting treatment,the Neutral detergent fiber(NDF)content of grass in the 2∶2 treatment of legume:grass was significantly higher than in the 1∶1 treatment,and the grass crude protein(CP)content of the 1∶1 mixture was highest. The NDF content of grass of the 1∶2 treatments was significantly higher than that of the 2∶2 treatments. The grass Acid detergent fiber(ADF)content in the 2∶1 treatment was significantly lower than in the 1∶1 and 2∶2 treatments,and the grass CP content of the 2∶2 treatment was the highest. The grass of the 1∶2 treatments had the lowest CP content in the third cutting treatment. The ADF content of alfalfa in the 2∶1 treatment was significantly higher than that of the2∶2 and 1∶2 treatments in the second cutting treatment,and the alfalfa CP content of the 1∶2 treatments were significantly higher than the 1∶1 and 2∶2 treatments in the third cutting treatment. Among the first,second and third cutting treatments,the relative feeding value(RFV)of grass was highest in Phalaris arundinacea-Medicago sativa row ratio 1∶1,Bromus inermis-Medicago sativa row ratio 1∶2 and Phalaris arundinacea-Medicago sativa row ratio 2∶2,respectively,and the RFV values of alfalfa were highest in Elymus nutans-Medicago sativa row ratio 1∶2,Elymus nutans-Medicago sativa row ratio 1∶2 and Phalaris arundinacea-Medicago sativa row ratio 1∶2,respectively.
Double grass species mixtures were established at four intercropping ratios of legume:grass(1∶1,2∶2,1∶2 and 2∶1)in the Horchin Sandy Land. The legume-grass mixtures included alfalfa(Medicago sativa)and three grasses(Bromus inermis,Elymus nutans,and Phalaris arundinacea)to investigate their effects on forage value of two-year-old mixed grass and alfalfa. Mixed ratios and combinations had significant effects on the mixed grass and alfalfa forage value. In the first cutting treatment,the Neutral detergent fiber(NDF)content of grass in the 2∶2 treatment of legume:grass was significantly higher than in the 1∶1 treatment,and the grass crude protein(CP)content of the 1∶1 mixture was highest. The NDF content of grass of the 1∶2 treatments was significantly higher than that of the 2∶2 treatments. The grass Acid detergent fiber(ADF)content in the 2∶1 treatment was significantly lower than in the 1∶1 and 2∶2 treatments,and the grass CP content of the 2∶2 treatment was the highest. The grass of the 1∶2 treatments had the lowest CP content in the third cutting treatment. The ADF content of alfalfa in the 2∶1 treatment was significantly higher than that of the2∶2 and 1∶2 treatments in the second cutting treatment,and the alfalfa CP content of the 1∶2 treatments were significantly higher than the 1∶1 and 2∶2 treatments in the third cutting treatment. Among the first,second and third cutting treatments,the relative feeding value(RFV)of grass was highest in Phalaris arundinacea-Medicago sativa row ratio 1∶1,Bromus inermis-Medicago sativa row ratio 1∶2 and Phalaris arundinacea-Medicago sativa row ratio 2∶2,respectively,and the RFV values of alfalfa were highest in Elymus nutans-Medicago sativa row ratio 1∶2,Elymus nutans-Medicago sativa row ratio 1∶2 and Phalaris arundinacea-Medicago sativa row ratio 1∶2,respectively.
引文
[1]孙启忠，韩建国，桂荣，等.科尔沁沙地敖汉苜蓿地上生物量及营养物质累积[J].草地学报，2001,9(3):165-170.
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[4]宝音陶格涛.无芒雀麦与苜蓿混播试验[J].草地学报，2001(3):73-76.
[5]赵美清，白原生，刘宝莲，等.混播草地禾草及土壤主要养分变化研究[J].中国草地，1997(5):45-48.
[6]陈军强，刘培培，李小刚，等.甘南桑科高寒草原牧区牧草混播种植研究[J].家畜生态学报，2016(1):58-62.
[7]孙杰，巩林，连露，等.海拔高度和混播比例对燕麦与箭筈豌豆产草量及质量的影响[J].草业科学，2018,35(10):2438-2449.
[8]姜哲浩，李硕，张德罡，等.鸭茅与伴生草种在不同混播比例下的产量和营养价值[J].草原与草坪，2016,36(6):68-73.
[9]李佶恺，孙涛，旺扎，等.西藏地区燕麦与箭筈豌豆不同混播比例对牧草产量和质量的影响[J].草地学报，2011,19(5):830-833.
[10]Albayrak S,Mevlüt Türk. Changes in the forage yield and quality of legume-grass mixtures throughout avegetation period[J].Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry,2013,37(2):139-147.
[11]肖焱波，李隆，张福锁.豆科//禾本科间作系统中氮营养研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报，2003,5(6):44-49.
[12]张鲜花，朱进忠，丁红领.豆禾混播草地不同建植方式对草地生产性能的影响[J].草原与草坪，2014,34(1):44-48,54.
[13]刘敏，龚吉蕊，王忆慧，等.豆禾混播建植人工草地对牧草产量和草质的影响[J].干旱区研究，2016,33(1):179-185.
[14]Biligetu,B,Jefferson,P G,Muri R,et al. Late summer forage yield,nutritive value,compatibility of warm-and coolseason grasses seeded with legumes in western Canada[J].Can. J. Plant Sci.,2014,94(7):1139-1148.
[15]郑伟，朱进忠，加娜尔古丽，等.不同混播方式对豆禾混播草地生产性能的影响[J].中国草地学报，2011,33(5):45-52.
[16]祁军，郑伟，张鲜花，等.不同豆禾混播模式的草地生产性能[J].草业科学，2016,33(1):116-128.
[17]祁亚淑，朱林，许兴.宁夏绿洲禾豆牧草混播组合及其比例效应[J].草业科学，2015,32(9):1463-1472.
[18]张翊碧，何静，韩永芬.混播草种及其比例对黔草4号鸭茅草地产量的影响[J].安徽农业科学，2017,45(9):34-35,120.
[19]张永亮，潘东，吴明浩.苜蓿+禾草混播方式对二龄混播草地牧草产量的影响[J].草业科学，2018,35(9):2210-2219.
[20]刘殿鹏，张淑艳，白梅荣.混播比例和时期对玉米-秣食豆群体内小气候的影响[J].安徽农业科学，2017,45(31):39-41,44.
[21]张仁平，于磊，鲁为华.混播比例和刈割期对混播草地产量及品质影响的研究[J].草业科学，2009,26(5):139-143.
[22]Ergon A L,Kirwan M A,Bleken A O,et al. Rognli. Species interactions in a grassland mixture under low nitrogen fertilization and two cutting frequencies:1. dry-matter yield and dynamics of species composition[J].Grass and Forage Science,2016,71(4):667-682.
[23]杜欣.关中地区燕麦与苜蓿混间条播模式对产量和品质的影响[D].杨凌：西北农林科技大学，2011.
[2]Bako?lu A,KoC A,G?kkus A. Some characteristics of commonplants of range and meadows in Erzurum in relation to life span,beginning of flowering and forage quality[J].Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry,1999,23:951-957.
[3]Kyriazopoulos A P,Abraham E M,Parissi Z M,et al. Forage pro-duction and nutritive value of Dactylis glomerata and Trifolium sub-terraneum mixtures under different shading treatments[J].Grassand Forage Science,2013,68(1):72-82.
[4]宝音陶格涛.无芒雀麦与苜蓿混播试验[J].草地学报，2001(3):73-76.
[5]赵美清，白原生，刘宝莲，等.混播草地禾草及土壤主要养分变化研究[J].中国草地，1997(5):45-48.
[6]陈军强，刘培培，李小刚，等.甘南桑科高寒草原牧区牧草混播种植研究[J].家畜生态学报，2016(1):58-62.
[7]孙杰，巩林，连露，等.海拔高度和混播比例对燕麦与箭筈豌豆产草量及质量的影响[J].草业科学，2018,35(10):2438-2449.
[8]姜哲浩，李硕，张德罡，等.鸭茅与伴生草种在不同混播比例下的产量和营养价值[J].草原与草坪，2016,36(6):68-73.
[9]李佶恺，孙涛，旺扎，等.西藏地区燕麦与箭筈豌豆不同混播比例对牧草产量和质量的影响[J].草地学报，2011,19(5):830-833.
[10]Albayrak S,Mevlüt Türk. Changes in the forage yield and quality of legume-grass mixtures throughout avegetation period[J].Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry,2013,37(2):139-147.
[11]肖焱波，李隆，张福锁.豆科//禾本科间作系统中氮营养研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报，2003,5(6):44-49.
[12]张鲜花，朱进忠，丁红领.豆禾混播草地不同建植方式对草地生产性能的影响[J].草原与草坪，2014,34(1):44-48,54.
[13]刘敏，龚吉蕊，王忆慧，等.豆禾混播建植人工草地对牧草产量和草质的影响[J].干旱区研究，2016,33(1):179-185.
[14]Biligetu,B,Jefferson,P G,Muri R,et al. Late summer forage yield,nutritive value,compatibility of warm-and coolseason grasses seeded with legumes in western Canada[J].Can. J. Plant Sci.,2014,94(7):1139-1148.
[15]郑伟，朱进忠，加娜尔古丽，等.不同混播方式对豆禾混播草地生产性能的影响[J].中国草地学报，2011,33(5):45-52.
[16]祁军，郑伟，张鲜花，等.不同豆禾混播模式的草地生产性能[J].草业科学，2016,33(1):116-128.
[17]祁亚淑，朱林，许兴.宁夏绿洲禾豆牧草混播组合及其比例效应[J].草业科学，2015,32(9):1463-1472.
[18]张翊碧，何静，韩永芬.混播草种及其比例对黔草4号鸭茅草地产量的影响[J].安徽农业科学，2017,45(9):34-35,120.
[19]张永亮，潘东，吴明浩.苜蓿+禾草混播方式对二龄混播草地牧草产量的影响[J].草业科学，2018,35(9):2210-2219.
[20]刘殿鹏，张淑艳，白梅荣.混播比例和时期对玉米-秣食豆群体内小气候的影响[J].安徽农业科学，2017,45(31):39-41,44.
[21]张仁平，于磊，鲁为华.混播比例和刈割期对混播草地产量及品质影响的研究[J].草业科学，2009,26(5):139-143.
[22]Ergon A L,Kirwan M A,Bleken A O,et al. Rognli. Species interactions in a grassland mixture under low nitrogen fertilization and two cutting frequencies:1. dry-matter yield and dynamics of species composition[J].Grass and Forage Science,2016,71(4):667-682.
[23]杜欣.关中地区燕麦与苜蓿混间条播模式对产量和品质的影响[D].杨凌：西北农林科技大学，2011.