土壤肥力质量与施氮量对小麦氮肥利用效率的综合定量关系研究
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摘要
耕地土壤肥力及施氮量对于小麦产量和氮肥利用率均具有重要影响,但它们综合影响的定量关系及相对贡献率并不清楚。在太湖流域常熟市研究区,通过设置不同土壤肥力与施氮量的小麦田间试验,研究施氮量、土壤肥力综合质量指数对小麦产量和氮肥利用率的影响,并利用多元回归方法拟合他们之间的定量关系方程,分析揭示施氮量与土壤肥力综合质量指数对小麦产量和氮肥利用率综合影响的相对贡献率。结果表明,提升施氮量和土壤肥力综合质量指数,有利于增加小麦产量,但不利于小麦氮肥利用率提升;土壤肥力综合质量指数对小麦产量和氮肥利用率的影响大于施氮量,两者对产量和氮肥利用率的相对贡献率比值分别为1.09∶1和1.32∶1。表明通过提升土壤综合肥力、削减氮肥施用量,达到粮食与生态双重安全目标,培育和提升耕地土壤质量显得更为基本和重要。
Both soil fertility and fertilizer N application rate(NA) have important influences on yield and fertilizer N use efficiency(NRE) of wheat. However, it is still unclear about quantitative relationship and relative contribution of their comprehensive effects to the latters. A field experiment was conducted in Changshu of the Taihu Basin. It was designed to have plots different in soil fertility and N application rate for wheat growth, and oriented to explore, how NA and integrated quality index of soil fertility(IFI)affect yield and NRE of the crop. Besides, their quantitative relationships were fitted with the multivariate regression method for analysis of relative contribution rate of the comprehensive effect of NA and IFI to yield and NRE of wheat. Results show that higher NA and IFI helps increase wheat yield, but not NRE of the crop, and that IFI was higher than NA in the effect, and their relative contribution rate was 1.09:1 to wheat yield and 1.32∶1 to NRE. The findings of the study suggest that to improve comprehensive quality of the soil may achieve the goal of safety for both grain and ecology, while minimizing N application rate. So to build up soil fertility quality of the farmland is more basic and more important in agricultural production.
Both soil fertility and fertilizer N application rate(NA) have important influences on yield and fertilizer N use efficiency(NRE) of wheat. However, it is still unclear about quantitative relationship and relative contribution of their comprehensive effects to the latters. A field experiment was conducted in Changshu of the Taihu Basin. It was designed to have plots different in soil fertility and N application rate for wheat growth, and oriented to explore, how NA and integrated quality index of soil fertility(IFI)affect yield and NRE of the crop. Besides, their quantitative relationships were fitted with the multivariate regression method for analysis of relative contribution rate of the comprehensive effect of NA and IFI to yield and NRE of wheat. Results show that higher NA and IFI helps increase wheat yield, but not NRE of the crop, and that IFI was higher than NA in the effect, and their relative contribution rate was 1.09:1 to wheat yield and 1.32∶1 to NRE. The findings of the study suggest that to improve comprehensive quality of the soil may achieve the goal of safety for both grain and ecology, while minimizing N application rate. So to build up soil fertility quality of the farmland is more basic and more important in agricultural production.
引文
[1]刘绪.减氮对苏南轮作稻麦产量、氮肥利用率和土壤肥力的影响.南京:南京农业大学,2016Liu X. Effect of reduction fertilizer on rice and wheat yield, nitrogen use efficiency and soil fertility under rotation system in southern of Jiangsu Province(In Chinese).Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University, 2016
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[4]Xue L,Yu Y,Yang L. Maintaining yields and reducing nitrogen loss in rice-wheat rotation system in Taihu Lake region with proper fertilizer management.Environmental Research Letters, 2014,9(11):115010
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[7]巨晓棠.氮肥有效率的概念及意义——兼论对传统氮肥利用率的理解误区.土壤学报,2014,51(5):921-933Ju X T. The concept and meanings of nitrogen fertilizer availability ratio—Discussing misunder standing of traditional nitrogen use efficiency(In Chinese). Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2014, 51(5):921-933
[8]Gu L,Liu T, Wang J, et al. Lysimeter study of nitrogen losses and nitrogen use efficiency of Northern Chinese wheat. Field Crops Research, 2016, 188:82-95
[9]Brentrup F, Palliere C. Nitrogen use efficiency as an agro-environmental indicator. OECD Workshop on Agri-Environmental Indicators, 2010
[10]Fageria N K,Baligar V C. Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants. Advances in Agronomy,2005,88(5):97-185
[11]李锐.不同基础地力对水稻产量和肥料利用效率的影响.武汉:华中农业大学,2011Li R. The effects of different soil fertility on rice yield and fertilizer use effciency(In Chinese). Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University, 2011
[12]廖育林,鲁艳红,聂军,等.长期施肥稻田土壤基础地力和养分利用效率变化特征.植物营养与肥料学报,2016, 22(5):1249-1258Liao Y L, Lu Y H, Nie J, et al. Effects of long-term fertilization on basic soil productivity and nutrient use efficiency in paddy soils(In Chinese). Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2016, 22(5):1249-1258
[13]丁哲利,彭建伟,刘强,等.不同地力水平下不同养分管理模式对早稻氮素利用效率及产量的影响.中国稻米,2010,16(2):30-33Ding Z L, Peng J W, Liu Q, et al. Effects of different nutrient management modes on nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield of early rice in different soil levels(In Chinese). China Rice, 2010, 16(2):30-33
[14]Potthoff M,Dyckmans J, Flessa H, et al Dynamics of maize(Zea mays L.)leaf straw mineralization as affected by the presence of soil and the availability of nitrogen. Soil Biology&Biochemistry, 2005, 37(7):1259-1266
[15]冯程程.土壤有机质品质与地力提升关系研究.长春:吉林农业大学,2012Feng C C. Study on the relationship between soil organic matter quality and soil fersility enhance(In Chinese). Changchun:Jilin Agricultural University,2012
[16]曾祥明,韩宝吉,徐芳森,等.不同基础地力土壤优化施肥对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响.中国农业科学,2012,45(14):2886-2894Zeng X M, Han B J, Xu F S, et al. Effect of optimized fertilization on grain yield of rice and nitrogen use efficiency in paddy fields with different basic soil fertilities(In Chinese). Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(14):2886-2894
[17]张雪凌,姜慧敏,刘晓,等.优化氮肥用量和基追比例提高红壤性水稻土肥力和双季稻氮素的农学效应.植物营养与肥料学报,2017, 23(2):351-359Zhang X L, Jiang H M, Liu X,et al. Optimization of nitrogen rate and base and topdressing ratio to improve agronomic soil fertility and use efficiency of nitrogen in rice(In Chinese). Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2017, 23(2):351-359
[18]李雅剑.玉米产量和氮肥利用效率与土壤基础生产力的关系.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2017Li Y J. The relationship of grian yield and nitrogen use efficience of maize with inherent soil priductivity(In Chinese). Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2017
[19]张军.淮北麦茬田地力水平与施氮量对超级稻徐稻3号产量、品质和氮素吸收利用的影响.江苏扬州:扬州大学,2010Zhang J. Effects of different soil fertility levels and N application rate on super rice Xu Dao 3 yield,quality, nitrogen absorption and utilization after wheat in Huaibei Region(In Chinese). Yangzhou,Jiangsu:Yangzhou University, 2010
[20]常熟市统计局.2016年常熟市国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].http://www. changshu.gov.cn/zgcs/UploadFile/ffe0c347-ef27-4ab3-9ed1-9fa81fffc94d/20170316165033480.doc Chang shu Bureau of Statistics. Statistical bulletin of national economic and social development of Changshu City in 2016(In Chinese). http://www. changshu.gov. cn/zgcs/UploadFile/ffe0c347-ef27-4ab3-9ed1-9fa81fffc94d/20170316165033480.doc
[21]赵彦锋,程道全,陈杰,等.耕地地力评价指标体系构建中的问题与分析逻辑.土壤学报,2015, 52(6):1197-1208Zhao Y F, Cheng D Q, Chen J,et al. Problems and analytical logic in building cultivated land productivityevaluation index system(In Chinese). Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2015, 52(6):1197-1208
[22]徐志超,于东升,潘月,等.长三角典型区占补耕地土壤肥力的时段特征.应用生态学报,2018, 29(2):617-625Xu Z C,Yu D S,Pan Y, et al. Temporal characteristics of soil fertility of cropland requisition compensation in the typical region of Yangtze River Delta, China(In Chinese). Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(2):617-625
[23]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.第3版.北京:中国农业出版社,1999Bao S D. Soil agrochemical analysis(In Chinese).3rd ed. Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1999
[24]张甘霖,龚子同.土壤调查实验室分析方法.北京:科学出版社,2012Zhang G L, Gong Z T. Soil survey laboratory methods(In Chinese). Beijing:Science Press,2012
[25]于飞,施卫明.近10年中国大陆主要粮食作物氮肥利用率分析.土壤学报,2015,52(6):1311-1324Yu F, Shi W M. Nitrogen use efficiencies of major grain crops in china in recent 10 years(In Chinese).Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2015, 52(6):1311-1324
[26]刘新宇,巨晓棠,张丽娟,等.不同施氮水平对冬小麦季化肥氮去向及土壤氮素平衡的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):296-303Liu X Y, Ju X T, Zhang L J, et al. Effects of different N rates on fate of N fertilizer and balance of soil N of winter wheat(In Chinese). Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2010, 16(2):296-303
[27]晏娟,沈其荣,尹斌,等.太湖地区稻麦轮作系统下施氮量对作物产量及氮肥利用率影响的研究.土壤学报,2009,41(3):372-376Yan J, Shen Q R, Yin B, et al. Effects of fertilizer N application rate on yields and use efficiencies in rice-wheat rotation system in Tai Lake Region(In Chinese). Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2009, 41(3):372-376
[2]Qiao J,Yang L Z,Yan T M,et al. Nitrogen fertilizer reduction in rice production for two consecutive years in the Taihu Lake area. Agriculture, Ecosystems&Environment, 2012, 146(1):103-112
[3]俞映惊,薛利红,杨林章.不同氮肥管理模式对太湖流域稻田土壤氮素渗漏的影响.土壤学报,2011,48(5):988-995Yu Y L, Xue L H, Yang L Z. Effects of nitrogen management on nitrogen leaching of paddy soil in Taihu Lake region(In Chinese). Acta Pedologica Sinica,2011,48(5):988-995
[4]Xue L,Yu Y,Yang L. Maintaining yields and reducing nitrogen loss in rice-wheat rotation system in Taihu Lake region with proper fertilizer management.Environmental Research Letters, 2014,9(11):115010
[5]Zhao X, Xie Y X, Xiong Z Q, et al. Nitrogen fate and environmental consequence in paddy soil under rice-wheat rotation in the Taihu Lake Region, China.Plant&Soil, 2009, 319(1/2):225-234
[6]朱兆良,张福锁.主要农田生态系统氮素行为与氮肥高效利用的基础研究.北京:科学出版社,2010Zhu Z L, Zhang F S. Basic research on nitrogen behavior and efficient utilization of nitrogen fertilizer in main farmland ecosystem(In Chinese). Beijing:Science Press,2010
[7]巨晓棠.氮肥有效率的概念及意义——兼论对传统氮肥利用率的理解误区.土壤学报,2014,51(5):921-933Ju X T. The concept and meanings of nitrogen fertilizer availability ratio—Discussing misunder standing of traditional nitrogen use efficiency(In Chinese). Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2014, 51(5):921-933
[8]Gu L,Liu T, Wang J, et al. Lysimeter study of nitrogen losses and nitrogen use efficiency of Northern Chinese wheat. Field Crops Research, 2016, 188:82-95
[9]Brentrup F, Palliere C. Nitrogen use efficiency as an agro-environmental indicator. OECD Workshop on Agri-Environmental Indicators, 2010
[10]Fageria N K,Baligar V C. Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants. Advances in Agronomy,2005,88(5):97-185
[11]李锐.不同基础地力对水稻产量和肥料利用效率的影响.武汉:华中农业大学,2011Li R. The effects of different soil fertility on rice yield and fertilizer use effciency(In Chinese). Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University, 2011
[12]廖育林,鲁艳红,聂军,等.长期施肥稻田土壤基础地力和养分利用效率变化特征.植物营养与肥料学报,2016, 22(5):1249-1258Liao Y L, Lu Y H, Nie J, et al. Effects of long-term fertilization on basic soil productivity and nutrient use efficiency in paddy soils(In Chinese). Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2016, 22(5):1249-1258
[13]丁哲利,彭建伟,刘强,等.不同地力水平下不同养分管理模式对早稻氮素利用效率及产量的影响.中国稻米,2010,16(2):30-33Ding Z L, Peng J W, Liu Q, et al. Effects of different nutrient management modes on nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield of early rice in different soil levels(In Chinese). China Rice, 2010, 16(2):30-33
[14]Potthoff M,Dyckmans J, Flessa H, et al Dynamics of maize(Zea mays L.)leaf straw mineralization as affected by the presence of soil and the availability of nitrogen. Soil Biology&Biochemistry, 2005, 37(7):1259-1266
[15]冯程程.土壤有机质品质与地力提升关系研究.长春:吉林农业大学,2012Feng C C. Study on the relationship between soil organic matter quality and soil fersility enhance(In Chinese). Changchun:Jilin Agricultural University,2012
[16]曾祥明,韩宝吉,徐芳森,等.不同基础地力土壤优化施肥对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响.中国农业科学,2012,45(14):2886-2894Zeng X M, Han B J, Xu F S, et al. Effect of optimized fertilization on grain yield of rice and nitrogen use efficiency in paddy fields with different basic soil fertilities(In Chinese). Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(14):2886-2894
[17]张雪凌,姜慧敏,刘晓,等.优化氮肥用量和基追比例提高红壤性水稻土肥力和双季稻氮素的农学效应.植物营养与肥料学报,2017, 23(2):351-359Zhang X L, Jiang H M, Liu X,et al. Optimization of nitrogen rate and base and topdressing ratio to improve agronomic soil fertility and use efficiency of nitrogen in rice(In Chinese). Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2017, 23(2):351-359
[18]李雅剑.玉米产量和氮肥利用效率与土壤基础生产力的关系.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2017Li Y J. The relationship of grian yield and nitrogen use efficience of maize with inherent soil priductivity(In Chinese). Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2017
[19]张军.淮北麦茬田地力水平与施氮量对超级稻徐稻3号产量、品质和氮素吸收利用的影响.江苏扬州:扬州大学,2010Zhang J. Effects of different soil fertility levels and N application rate on super rice Xu Dao 3 yield,quality, nitrogen absorption and utilization after wheat in Huaibei Region(In Chinese). Yangzhou,Jiangsu:Yangzhou University, 2010
[20]常熟市统计局.2016年常熟市国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].http://www. changshu.gov.cn/zgcs/UploadFile/ffe0c347-ef27-4ab3-9ed1-9fa81fffc94d/20170316165033480.doc Chang shu Bureau of Statistics. Statistical bulletin of national economic and social development of Changshu City in 2016(In Chinese). http://www. changshu.gov. cn/zgcs/UploadFile/ffe0c347-ef27-4ab3-9ed1-9fa81fffc94d/20170316165033480.doc
[21]赵彦锋,程道全,陈杰,等.耕地地力评价指标体系构建中的问题与分析逻辑.土壤学报,2015, 52(6):1197-1208Zhao Y F, Cheng D Q, Chen J,et al. Problems and analytical logic in building cultivated land productivityevaluation index system(In Chinese). Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2015, 52(6):1197-1208
[22]徐志超,于东升,潘月,等.长三角典型区占补耕地土壤肥力的时段特征.应用生态学报,2018, 29(2):617-625Xu Z C,Yu D S,Pan Y, et al. Temporal characteristics of soil fertility of cropland requisition compensation in the typical region of Yangtze River Delta, China(In Chinese). Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(2):617-625
[23]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.第3版.北京:中国农业出版社,1999Bao S D. Soil agrochemical analysis(In Chinese).3rd ed. Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1999
[24]张甘霖,龚子同.土壤调查实验室分析方法.北京:科学出版社,2012Zhang G L, Gong Z T. Soil survey laboratory methods(In Chinese). Beijing:Science Press,2012
[25]于飞,施卫明.近10年中国大陆主要粮食作物氮肥利用率分析.土壤学报,2015,52(6):1311-1324Yu F, Shi W M. Nitrogen use efficiencies of major grain crops in china in recent 10 years(In Chinese).Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2015, 52(6):1311-1324
[26]刘新宇,巨晓棠,张丽娟,等.不同施氮水平对冬小麦季化肥氮去向及土壤氮素平衡的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):296-303Liu X Y, Ju X T, Zhang L J, et al. Effects of different N rates on fate of N fertilizer and balance of soil N of winter wheat(In Chinese). Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2010, 16(2):296-303
[27]晏娟,沈其荣,尹斌,等.太湖地区稻麦轮作系统下施氮量对作物产量及氮肥利用率影响的研究.土壤学报,2009,41(3):372-376Yan J, Shen Q R, Yin B, et al. Effects of fertilizer N application rate on yields and use efficiencies in rice-wheat rotation system in Tai Lake Region(In Chinese). Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2009, 41(3):372-376