基于景观指数的高邮湖湿地生态水文连通性分析
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摘要
为了定量评价水位的变化和人类活动对高邮湖湿地连通性的影响,基于高邮湖湿地不同景观类型及其时空动态性,利用遥感影像数据的分类解译结果,选择连接度指数CONNECT、斑块内聚力指数COHESION、破碎化指数FN以及分离度DIVISION等指标,构建高邮湖湿地生态水文连通度综合指数CECI,分别对比分析了不同水位和相同水位不同年份下高邮湖湿地生态连通性的变化情况。结果表明:生态水文连通度综合指数CECI可以定量表征湿地生态连通性的动态变化;随着水位上升,高邮湖湿地湖泊与河流的CECI分别从2. 79、0增加到9. 21、6. 75,生态水文连通性逐渐提升;该研究区湖泊与河流的水文连通性变化具有很强的相关关系,湖泊水文连通性优于河流;在水位相同的情况下,从2013年到2017年,由于退圩还湖、退圩还湿等人类活动的影响,高邮湖湿地面积增加,湖泊的CECI从6. 27增加到7. 48,河流的CECI从2. 62增加到4. 61,生态水文连通性有所提高。
In order to quantitative evaluation the influence of water level change and human activity in the connectivity of the Gaoyou Lake wetland,the Comprehensive Ecohydrological Connectivity Index( CECI) of Gaoyou Lake is built. The index based on the temporal and spatial changes of different landscape types of the wetland,used the interpreting data from Land satellite TM images and including CONNECT,COHESION,FN and DIVIDION indexes. The result shows that CECI can express the variation of ecohydrological connectivity of the Gaoyou Lake wetland quantitatively. With the increase of water level,the ecohydrological connectivity of Gaoyou Lake wetland improved gradually,and the CECI of lake landscape and river landscape increased from~2. 79,0 to 9. 21,6. 75 respectively. There was a high correlativity of ecohydrological connectivity variations of these two landscapes,and the ecohydrological connectivity of lake landscape is better than which of river landscape. From 2013 to 2017,the wetland hydrological connectivity improved and the area of Gaoyou Lake wetland increased because of human activities,such as return polder zone to lake and wetland. The CECI of lake landscape increased from 6. 27 to 7. 48,the CECI of river landscape increased from 2. 62 to 4. 61 with the same water level.
In order to quantitative evaluation the influence of water level change and human activity in the connectivity of the Gaoyou Lake wetland,the Comprehensive Ecohydrological Connectivity Index( CECI) of Gaoyou Lake is built. The index based on the temporal and spatial changes of different landscape types of the wetland,used the interpreting data from Land satellite TM images and including CONNECT,COHESION,FN and DIVIDION indexes. The result shows that CECI can express the variation of ecohydrological connectivity of the Gaoyou Lake wetland quantitatively. With the increase of water level,the ecohydrological connectivity of Gaoyou Lake wetland improved gradually,and the CECI of lake landscape and river landscape increased from~2. 79,0 to 9. 21,6. 75 respectively. There was a high correlativity of ecohydrological connectivity variations of these two landscapes,and the ecohydrological connectivity of lake landscape is better than which of river landscape. From 2013 to 2017,the wetland hydrological connectivity improved and the area of Gaoyou Lake wetland increased because of human activities,such as return polder zone to lake and wetland. The CECI of lake landscape increased from 6. 27 to 7. 48,the CECI of river landscape increased from 2. 62 to 4. 61 with the same water level.
引文
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[20]崔保山,蔡燕子,谢湉,等.湿地水文连通的生态效应研究进展及发展趋势[J].北京师范大学学报,2016,52(6):738-746.
[21]梁子亮,岳建平.利用卫星测高监测高邮湖水位变化[J].测绘通报,2013(11):65-67.
[22]王学武,孙羊林,胡恒元,等.高邮湖湿地保护与利用[J].湿地科学与管理,2010,6(3):38-41.
[23]马骏,李昌晓,魏虹,等.三峡库区生态脆弱性评价[J].生态学报,2015,35(21):7117-7129.
[2]董哲仁.论水生态系统五大生态要素特征[J].水利水电技术,2015,46(6):42-47.
[3] PRINGLE C. What is hydrologic connectivity and why is it ecologi-cally important?[J]. Hydrological Processes,2003,17(13):2685-2689.
[4]董哲仁,孙东亚,赵进勇,等.河流生态系统结构功能整体性概念模型[J].水科学进展,2010,21(4):550-559.
[5] JUNK W J,BAYLEY P B,SPARKS R E. The flood pulse conceptin river-floodplain systems[J]. In Canadian Special PublicationFisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1989,106:110-127.
[6] TOCKNER K,SCHIEMER F,WARD J V. Conservation by restora-tion:the management concept for a river-floodplain system on theDanube river in Austria[J]. Aquatic Conservation Marine Freshwa-ter Ecosystems,1998,8(1):71-86.
[7]张晶,董哲仁.洪水脉冲理论及其在河流生态修复中的应用[J].中国水利,2008(15):1-4.
[8]高常军,高晓翠,贾朋.水文连通性研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(3):586-594.
[9] PASCUAL H L,SAURA S. Comparison and development of newgraph-based landscape connectivity indices:towards the priorizationof habitat patches and corridors for conservation[J]. LandscapeEcology,2006,21(7):959-967.
[10] SAURA S,PASCUAL H L. A new habitat availability index to in-tegrate connectivity in landscape conservation planning:comparisonwith existing indices and application to a case study[J]. Landscapeand Urban Planning,2007,83(2):91-103.
[11]张爱静.水文过程对黄河口湿地景观格局演变的驱动机制研究[D].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2013.
[12] LARSEN L G,CHOI J,NUNGESSER M K,et al. Directional con-nectivity in hydrology and ecology[J]. Ecological Applications aPublication of the Ecological Society of America,2012,22(8):2204-2220.
[13]富伟,刘世梁,崔保山,等.景观生态学中生态连接度研究进展[J].生态学报,2009,29(11):6174-6182.
[14]赵贤豹.湿地生态系统水文连接度研究[D].南京:南京水利科学研究院,2008.
[15]岳天祥,叶庆华.景观连通性模型及其应用[J].地理学报,2002,57(1):67-75.
[16]夏敏,周震,赵海霞.基于多指标综合的巢湖环湖区水系连通性评价[J].地理与地理信息科学,2017,33(1):73-77.
[17]孟慧芳,许有鹏,徐光来,等.平原河网区河流连通性评价研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(5):626-631.
[18]贾毅,闫利,余凡,等.石羊河流域土地利用变化与景观格局分析[J].遥感信息,2016,31(5):66-73.
[19]高玉琴,肖璇,丁鸣鸣,等.基于改进图论法的平原河网水系连通性评价[J].水资源保护,2018,34(1):18-23.
[20]崔保山,蔡燕子,谢湉,等.湿地水文连通的生态效应研究进展及发展趋势[J].北京师范大学学报,2016,52(6):738-746.
[21]梁子亮,岳建平.利用卫星测高监测高邮湖水位变化[J].测绘通报,2013(11):65-67.
[22]王学武,孙羊林,胡恒元,等.高邮湖湿地保护与利用[J].湿地科学与管理,2010,6(3):38-41.
[23]马骏,李昌晓,魏虹,等.三峡库区生态脆弱性评价[J].生态学报,2015,35(21):7117-7129.