不同水肥配比对核桃生长的影响
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摘要
为了寻求适宜于核桃水肥一体化种植中合理的水肥配比,以4年生香玲核桃为研究对象,探讨不同灌溉施肥配比的水肥一体化在核桃栽培中节水节肥增产效能上的影响。研究结果表明:(1)生育期内各处理叶绿素含量均呈"单峰"曲线变化,随生育期的推进呈先增大后减小的趋势;(2)各处理核桃树LAI值均呈现先增大后降低的变化趋势,其中W2T2处理时,LAI最大,且提高光合速率;(3)随着灌溉施肥的增加,各处理核桃果实产量的变化均表现为先增大后趋于稳定,在W2T2处理时,达平稳状态;(4)随着水、肥供给量的增加,核桃蛋白质脂肪含量均呈现先增后下降的趋势,且在处理W2T2时,果实品质达最优。综上所述,滴灌条件下,处理W2T2的水肥组合模式不仅减少了水肥的投入量,而且能够促进核桃生长、确保产量,同时改善了果实品质并大幅度提高了水肥利用效率,是比较适宜核桃水肥一体化管理的新模式。
In order to find a suitable water-fertilizer ratio suitable for walnut water and fertilizer integrated planting, this paper took 4 years old Xiangling walnut as the research object, and discussed the integration of water and fertilizer with different fertigation ratios in the cultivation of water-saving and fertilizer production in walnut cultivation. The results showed that: 1 The chlorophyll content of each treatment showed a "single peak" curve during the growth period, and increased first and then decreased with the growth period; 2 The change of LAI value of walnut trees in each treatment was consistent with a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and the LAI of W2T2 treatment was the largest, and the photosynthetic rate was increased. 3 With the increase of fertigation, the yield of walnut fruit in each treatment increased first and then stabilized, and reached a steady state in W2T2 treatment; 4 With the increase of water and fertilizer supply, the fat content of walnut protein increased first and then decreased, and the quality of fruit was optimal in W2T2 treatment. In summary, under the condition of drip irrigation, the water and fertilizer combination model of W2T2 treatment not only reduced the input of water and fertilizer, but also promoted the growth of walnuts,ensured the yield, improved the fruit quality and greatly improved the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization. The W2T2 treatment was a new model that suitable for integrated management of water and fertilizer.
In order to find a suitable water-fertilizer ratio suitable for walnut water and fertilizer integrated planting, this paper took 4 years old Xiangling walnut as the research object, and discussed the integration of water and fertilizer with different fertigation ratios in the cultivation of water-saving and fertilizer production in walnut cultivation. The results showed that: 1 The chlorophyll content of each treatment showed a "single peak" curve during the growth period, and increased first and then decreased with the growth period; 2 The change of LAI value of walnut trees in each treatment was consistent with a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and the LAI of W2T2 treatment was the largest, and the photosynthetic rate was increased. 3 With the increase of fertigation, the yield of walnut fruit in each treatment increased first and then stabilized, and reached a steady state in W2T2 treatment; 4 With the increase of water and fertilizer supply, the fat content of walnut protein increased first and then decreased, and the quality of fruit was optimal in W2T2 treatment. In summary, under the condition of drip irrigation, the water and fertilizer combination model of W2T2 treatment not only reduced the input of water and fertilizer, but also promoted the growth of walnuts,ensured the yield, improved the fruit quality and greatly improved the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization. The W2T2 treatment was a new model that suitable for integrated management of water and fertilizer.
引文
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[17]李银坤,郭文忠,薛绪掌,等.不同灌溉施肥模式对温室番茄产量、品质及水肥利用的影响[J].中国农业科学, 2017, 50(19):3757-3765.
[2]张志华,高仪,王文江,等.核桃光合特性的研究[J].园艺学报, 1993, 20(4):319-323.
[3]张娜,张龙,马英杰.滴灌灌溉制度对核桃产量及品质的影响研究[J].南水北调与水利科技,2010, 8(5):112-115.
[4]梁智,邹耀湘,张计峰.新疆南疆核桃树氮磷钾肥料效应试验研究[J].新疆农业科学. 2010, 47(5):958-963.
[5]Kang S-Z, Hua X-T, Goodwin I, Jerie P. Soil wa ter distribution, water use, and yield response to partial root zone drying under a shallow ground water table condition in a pear orchard[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2002,92:277–291.
[6]邓兰生,张承林.滴灌施氮肥对盆栽玉米生长的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2007, 13(1):81-85.
[7]丁平,白云岗,张江辉,刘洪波.水肥耦合对香犁品质和产量的影响效应研究[J].新疆水利, 2014,(3):1-6.
[8]胡正发,谢庆梅.安徽薄壳山核桃水肥管理技术初探[J].园艺与种苗, 2016,(12):42-43,67.
[9]李增兴,李斌,唐凤德.辽西地区水肥处理对核桃叶水势的影响[J].辽宁林业科技, 2013,(6):11-13.
[10]刘洁,万仲武,曹兵,等.不同滴灌水肥处理对灵武长枣果实品质的影响[J].节水灌溉, 2014,(8):25-28.
[11]赵经华,洪明,马英杰,等.不同微灌灌水技术下成龄核桃耗水规律的研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2010, 29(5):94-97.
[12]赵经华,赵付勇,付秋萍,等.不同灌水模式对核桃树产量及品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2017, 36(2):81-85.
[13]李瑞国,朱秀敏,杨慧.不同萌发期绿豆芽蛋白质含量的测定及营养价值分析[J].山东农业科学, 2011,(1):97-99.
[14]于文萃.五类常见食品脂肪含量的测定[J].黑龙江生态工程职业学院学报, 2013, 26(6):27-28.
[15]王忠任.滴灌核桃树产量和品质的水肥耦合效应研究[D].乌鲁木齐：新疆农业大学, 2016.
[16]原双江,刘朝斌.核桃栽培新技术[M].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学出版社, 2008:55-56.
[17]李银坤,郭文忠,薛绪掌,等.不同灌溉施肥模式对温室番茄产量、品质及水肥利用的影响[J].中国农业科学, 2017, 50(19):3757-3765.