菌剂和有机质处理对苹果园土壤微生物和果实品质的影响
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摘要
研究施用菌剂和有机质处理对苹果园土壤微生物和果实品质的影响,以探究提高苹果品质的措施。以'新红星'苹果为试验材料,设置菌剂和有机质的不同处理,测定不同处理条件下苹果园土壤微生物和果实品质的变化情况。结果表明,有机肥菌剂与有机肥生物炭处理土壤中的细菌、放线菌、真菌数量均高于有机肥氮肥和有机肥处理,有机肥菌剂处理单果重比有机肥处理增加了5.72%,果实硬度比有机肥处理和有机肥氮肥处理分别下降了7.73%、5.48%,可溶性固形物含量分别比有机肥生物炭和有机肥氮肥处理提高了12.61%、6.75%,可溶性糖含量分别比有机肥处理与有机肥氮肥处理增加了9.02%、15.11%。'新红星'的主要挥发性香气是酯类,有机肥生物炭处理和有机肥菌剂处理的果实中共检测到35种酯类物质,2-甲基丁酸丁酯在酯类中含量最高,有机肥菌剂处理果实的酯类含量最高。有机肥菌剂处理和有机肥生物炭处理均可增加土壤微生物数量,提高苹果品质。
The effects of fungicide and organic matter treatment on soil microorganisms and apple quality in orchards were studied,and the measures to improve apple quality were explored.The'Starkrimson'apple was used as the test material,and different treatments of inoculate and organic matter were set up to determine the soil microbes and apple quality.The results showed that the number of bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi treated by microbial organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer biochar was higher than that of organic fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer.The microbial organic fertilizer single fruit weight increased by 5.72% compared with organic fertilizer,the hardness decreased by 7.73% and 5.48% compared with organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer,and the soluble solids increased by 12.61% and 6.75%,respectively,compared with organic fertilizer biochar and organic fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer treatment.Soluble sugar increased by 9.02% and 15.11% compared with organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer.The main volatile aroma of 'Starkrimson' is ester,35 kinds of esters are detected by organic fertilizer hiochar and microbial organic fertilizer treatment,butyl 2-methylbutyrate is the highest in ester,and microbial organic fertilizer is the highest.Both the inoculate organic fertilizer treatment and the organic fertilizer biochar treatment can increase the number of soil microorganisms and improve the quality of apples.
The effects of fungicide and organic matter treatment on soil microorganisms and apple quality in orchards were studied,and the measures to improve apple quality were explored.The'Starkrimson'apple was used as the test material,and different treatments of inoculate and organic matter were set up to determine the soil microbes and apple quality.The results showed that the number of bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi treated by microbial organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer biochar was higher than that of organic fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer.The microbial organic fertilizer single fruit weight increased by 5.72% compared with organic fertilizer,the hardness decreased by 7.73% and 5.48% compared with organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer,and the soluble solids increased by 12.61% and 6.75%,respectively,compared with organic fertilizer biochar and organic fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer treatment.Soluble sugar increased by 9.02% and 15.11% compared with organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer.The main volatile aroma of 'Starkrimson' is ester,35 kinds of esters are detected by organic fertilizer hiochar and microbial organic fertilizer treatment,butyl 2-methylbutyrate is the highest in ester,and microbial organic fertilizer is the highest.Both the inoculate organic fertilizer treatment and the organic fertilizer biochar treatment can increase the number of soil microorganisms and improve the quality of apples.
引文
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[20]韩晓玲,张乃文,贾敬芬.生物有机无机复混肥对番茄产量、品质及土壤的影响.土壤肥料,2005(3):51-53.
[21]赵国鹏.不同肥料对肥城桃生长发育和果实品质的影响.泰安:山东农业大学,2011.
[22]蒋杰,周冀衡,张毅,等.施用不同木本泥炭肥料对烤烟品质及中性香气物质的影响.西南农业学报,2017,30(4):830-835.
[23]赵玲玲,宋来庆,刘美英,等.不同稻壳炭施用量对富士苹果果实品质指标和香气物质的影响.烟台大学学报(自然科学与工程版),2018,31(4):358-363.
[2]Wolfe K,Wu X Z,Liu R H.Antioxidant activity of apple peels.Journal of Agricultural and Foocd Chemistry,2003,51(3):609-614.
[3]Ferretti G,Turco I,Bacchetti T.Apple as a source of dietary Phytonutrients:bioavailability and evidence of protec.tive effec.ts against human cardiovascular disease.Food and Nutrition Sciences,2014,5(13):1234-1246.
[4]Dragana S,Ivanna A,Vanjia T.Extracts of wild apple fruit(Malus ylvestris(L.)Mill.Rosaceae)as a source of antioxidant substances for use in production of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals.Industrial Crops and Products,2016,80:165-176.
[5]Francois G,Gilles L,Durand J L,et al.Quantifying crop responses to nitrogen and avenues to improve nitrogen use efficiency.Crop Physiology:Applications for Genetic Improvement and Agronomy,2009:171-211.
[6]王学林,彭晓丹.韩秀君,等.氮肥用量对温室草莓生理特性的影响.北方园艺,2014(9):182-185.
[7]Aseri G K,Jain N,Panwar J,et al.Biofertilizers improve plant growth,fruit yield,nutrition,metabolism and rhizosphere enzyme activities of Pomegranate(Punica granatum L.)in Indian Thar Desert.Scienlia Horticulturae,2008,117(2):130-135.
[8]Flores-Felix J D,Velazquez E,Garcia-Fraile P,et al.Rhizobium and Phyllobacterium bacterial inoculants increase bioactive compounds and quality of strawberries cultivated in field conditions.Food Research International,2018,111:416-422.
[9]王洋娟.微生物菌肥处理对苹果树体生长及病害防控的研究.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[10]任泽玥.氮肥对照及生物炭对辣椒产量和品质的影响.长春:吉林农业大学,2018.
[11]张鹏,陈帅帅,李江阔,等.不同品种苹果采后品质和挥发性物质的差异分析.食品工业科技,2019(3):1-10.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版).北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[13]刘静轩,许海峰,王得云,等.两个耐贮性不同的红肉苹果株系果实硬度与香气成分及相关酶活性与基因表达差异分析.园艺学报,2017,44(2):330-342.
[14]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导.北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[15]王传增,张艳敏,徐玉亭,等.苹果红色芽变香气组分及脂肪酸代谢相关酶活性分析.园艺学报,2012,39(12):2447-2456.
[16]Backer R G M,Saeed W,Seguin P,et al.Root traits and nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency of corn grown in biochar—amended soil under greenhouse conditions.Plant&Soil,2017,415(1-2):465-477.
[17]Wang M,Li S S,Chen S B,et al.Manipulation of the rhizosphere bacterial community by biofertilizers is associated with mitigation of cadmium phytotoxicity.Science of The Total Environment,2019,649:413-421.
[18]吕伟波.生物炭对土壤微生物生态特征的影响.杭州:浙江大学.2012.
[19]张雅.有机肥对茄子产量和品质的影响研究.农学学报,2016,6(I):51-55.
[20]韩晓玲,张乃文,贾敬芬.生物有机无机复混肥对番茄产量、品质及土壤的影响.土壤肥料,2005(3):51-53.
[21]赵国鹏.不同肥料对肥城桃生长发育和果实品质的影响.泰安:山东农业大学,2011.
[22]蒋杰,周冀衡,张毅,等.施用不同木本泥炭肥料对烤烟品质及中性香气物质的影响.西南农业学报,2017,30(4):830-835.
[23]赵玲玲,宋来庆,刘美英,等.不同稻壳炭施用量对富士苹果果实品质指标和香气物质的影响.烟台大学学报(自然科学与工程版),2018,31(4):358-363.