含软弱夹层岩石材料的损伤破坏过程
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摘要
对含软弱夹层的岩石材料损伤破坏过程进行了试验观测和计算模拟研究。试验所用岩石材料为房山大理岩,平板状试件中心预制的割缝用较大理岩软弱的水泥砂浆充填。对试件受单轴压缩过程中,岩石材料和充填水泥沙浆中微裂纹的萌生、扩展、连通和闭合等过程进行了观测分析及显微照像。用NOLM程序中的低抗拉应变软化本构模型对试验结果进行了有限元模拟计算。计算中,试件的几何形状与试验所用的完全相同,岩石材料的强度取为填充材料的5倍,加载采用试件的一端固定另一端逐步增加位移的办法来实现,由位移值反算出对应的远场单轴压缩载荷,将计算结果与试验观测结果进行对比,吻合较好。与野外观测相比,填充割缝能够更好地模拟实际的地质构造现象。
The finite element simulation of sub-crack development around a fracture cemented with grout inFangshan marble plate specimen under uniaxial compression is carried out. The initiation,coalescence andrecovery of sub-crack around as well as inside the cemented fracture are photographed and analyzed underreal-time scanning electron microscope observation. Finite element computation of the crack process using NOLMprogram with a strain-softening constitutive model of low tensile strength is performed. The computation resultrepresents the experimental observation fairly well. The real fracture or fault system in earth,no matter in small orlarge scale,has filling materials such as fault gouge or fault clay which has lower strength. Compared with thefield observation,the cemented one should be a better simulation of the actual geological situation. Therefore theresults give a more comprehensive understanding and simulating of fracturing process in geologic structure.
The finite element simulation of sub-crack development around a fracture cemented with grout inFangshan marble plate specimen under uniaxial compression is carried out. The initiation,coalescence andrecovery of sub-crack around as well as inside the cemented fracture are photographed and analyzed underreal-time scanning electron microscope observation. Finite element computation of the crack process using NOLMprogram with a strain-softening constitutive model of low tensile strength is performed. The computation resultrepresents the experimental observation fairly well. The real fracture or fault system in earth,no matter in small orlarge scale,has filling materials such as fault gouge or fault clay which has lower strength. Compared with thefield observation,the cemented one should be a better simulation of the actual geological situation. Therefore theresults give a more comprehensive understanding and simulating of fracturing process in geologic structure.
引文
[1]胡小荣,俞茂宏,唐春安.岩土体的非均质性及力学参数的条件模拟赋值[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(1):13–17.(Hu Xiaorong,Yu Maohong,Tang Chun′an.Heterogeneity of rocks and soils and estimations of rock mechanics parameters by conditional simulation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(1):13–17.(in Chinese))
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[3]Nemat-Nasser S,Horii H.Compression-induced nonplanar crack extension with application to splitting exfoliation and rock burst[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2002,87:6805–6821.
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[7]黄明利.岩石多裂纹相互作用破坏机制的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(3):423.(Huang Mingli.Research on fracture mechanism by of interaction of multi crack in brittle rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(3):423.(in Chinese))
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[10]Wang R,Zhao Y S,Chen Y,et al.Experiment and finite elementsimulation of X-type shear fractures from a crack in marble[J].Tectonophysics,1987,144:141–150.
[11]Huang J F,Chen G L,Zhao Y H,et al.An experimental study of the strain fields development prior to failure of a marble plate under compression[J].Tectonophysics,1990,175:269–284.
[12]赵永红,黄杰藩,王仁.岩石微破裂发育的扫描电镜即时研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1992,11(3):284–294.(Zhao Yonghong,Huang Jiefan,Wang Ren.Real-time observation of microfracturing process in rock during compression test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1992,11(3):284–294.(in Chinese))
[13]赵永红,黄杰藩,王仁.破裂带发育的SEM试验研究及其对地震前兆的启示[J].地球物理学报,1993,36(4):453–462.(Zhao Yonghong,Huang Jiefan,Wang Ren.SEM study of fracture development in compressed marble specimen and implications for earthquake precursors[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1993,36(4):453–462.(in Chinese))
[14]Zhao Y H,Huang J F,Wang R.Real-time SEM observations of the microfracturing process in rock during a compression test[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.Geomech.Abstr.,1993,30(6):643–652.
[15]Hung J F,Wang Z Y,Zhao Y H.The development of rock fracture from microfracturing to main fracture formation[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Sci.and Geomech.Abstr.,1993,30:925–928.
[16]Zhao Y,Huang J,Wang R.Development of subcracks between en echelon fractures in rock plates[J].Pageoph,1995,145(3/4):759–773.
[17]赵永红,黄杰藩,候建军,等.岩石细观破裂的试验观测研究及其对了解地震活动性的启示[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(5):627–635.(Zhao Yonghong,Huang Jiefan,Hou Jianjun,et al.Experimental study of meso-fractures in rock and its implication for understating seismic activities[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1995,38(5):627–635.(in Chinese))
[18]Zhao Y H.Crack pattern evolution and a fractal damage constitutive model for rock[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.Geomech.Abstr.,1998,35(3):349–366.
[19]Baud P,Reuschle T.A theoretical approach to the propagation of interacting cracks[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1997,130(2):460–468.
[20]Bobet A,Einstein H H.Numerical modeling of fracture coalescence in a model rock material[J].Int.J.Fracture,1998,92(3):221–252.
[21]Deng H,Nemat-Nasser S.Microcrack interaction and shear fault failure[J].Int.J.of Damage Mechanics,1994,3:3–37.
[22]殷有泉.岩土介质的弹塑性本构关系[A].见:王仁,黄克智,朱兆祥编.塑性力学进展[C].北京:中国铁道出版社,1988.236–267.(Yin Youquan.Elastoplastic constitutive relation for rock medium[A].In:Wang Ren,Huang Kezhi,Zhu Zhaoxiang ed.Advances in Plasticity[C].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,1988.236–267.(in Chinese))
[23]殷有泉.固体力学非线性有限元引论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,清华大学出版社,1987.(Yin Youquan.Introduction to Nonlinear Finite Element Method for Solid Mechanics[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,Tsinghua University Press,1987.(in Chinese))
[24]蔡永恩.热弹性问题的有限元方法及程序设计[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1997.(Cai Yong′en.The Finite Element Method and Program Design for Thermo-elasticity[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,1997.(in Chinese))
[25]赵永红.大理岩填充割缝周围的裂纹生长[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2504–2509.(Zhao Yonghong,Mini-crack development from a cemented fracture in marble specimen under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2504–2509.(in Chinese))
[2]周维垣.高等岩石力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990.(Zhou Weiyuan.Advanced Rock Mechanics[M].Beijing:Water Resources and Electric Power Press,1990.(in Chinese))
[3]Nemat-Nasser S,Horii H.Compression-induced nonplanar crack extension with application to splitting exfoliation and rock burst[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2002,87:6805–6821.
[4]Horii H,Nemat-Nasser S.Compression-induced microcrack growth in brittle solids:axial splitting and shear failure[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1985,90:3105–3125.
[5]林鹏.含裂纹与孔洞缺陷介质的脆性破坏行为[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8):1283.(Lin Peng.Brittle failure behavior of medium containing flaws and pores[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(8):1283.(in Chinese))
[6]Lin P,Logan J.Interaction of two closely spaced cracks:a rock model study[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1991,96:21667–21675.
[7]黄明利.岩石多裂纹相互作用破坏机制的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(3):423.(Huang Mingli.Research on fracture mechanism by of interaction of multi crack in brittle rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(3):423.(in Chinese))
[8]黄凯珠,林鹏,唐春安,等.双轴加载下断续预制裂纹贯通机制的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6):808–816.(Wong Robina H C,Lin Peng,Tang Chun′an,et al.Mechanisms of crack coalescence of pre-existing flaws under biaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(6):808–816.(in Chinese))
[9]Wong R H C,Chau K T.Crack coalescence in a rock-like material containing two cracks[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.Geomech.Abstr.,1998,35(2):147–164.
[10]Wang R,Zhao Y S,Chen Y,et al.Experiment and finite elementsimulation of X-type shear fractures from a crack in marble[J].Tectonophysics,1987,144:141–150.
[11]Huang J F,Chen G L,Zhao Y H,et al.An experimental study of the strain fields development prior to failure of a marble plate under compression[J].Tectonophysics,1990,175:269–284.
[12]赵永红,黄杰藩,王仁.岩石微破裂发育的扫描电镜即时研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1992,11(3):284–294.(Zhao Yonghong,Huang Jiefan,Wang Ren.Real-time observation of microfracturing process in rock during compression test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1992,11(3):284–294.(in Chinese))
[13]赵永红,黄杰藩,王仁.破裂带发育的SEM试验研究及其对地震前兆的启示[J].地球物理学报,1993,36(4):453–462.(Zhao Yonghong,Huang Jiefan,Wang Ren.SEM study of fracture development in compressed marble specimen and implications for earthquake precursors[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1993,36(4):453–462.(in Chinese))
[14]Zhao Y H,Huang J F,Wang R.Real-time SEM observations of the microfracturing process in rock during a compression test[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.Geomech.Abstr.,1993,30(6):643–652.
[15]Hung J F,Wang Z Y,Zhao Y H.The development of rock fracture from microfracturing to main fracture formation[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Sci.and Geomech.Abstr.,1993,30:925–928.
[16]Zhao Y,Huang J,Wang R.Development of subcracks between en echelon fractures in rock plates[J].Pageoph,1995,145(3/4):759–773.
[17]赵永红,黄杰藩,候建军,等.岩石细观破裂的试验观测研究及其对了解地震活动性的启示[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(5):627–635.(Zhao Yonghong,Huang Jiefan,Hou Jianjun,et al.Experimental study of meso-fractures in rock and its implication for understating seismic activities[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1995,38(5):627–635.(in Chinese))
[18]Zhao Y H.Crack pattern evolution and a fractal damage constitutive model for rock[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.Geomech.Abstr.,1998,35(3):349–366.
[19]Baud P,Reuschle T.A theoretical approach to the propagation of interacting cracks[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1997,130(2):460–468.
[20]Bobet A,Einstein H H.Numerical modeling of fracture coalescence in a model rock material[J].Int.J.Fracture,1998,92(3):221–252.
[21]Deng H,Nemat-Nasser S.Microcrack interaction and shear fault failure[J].Int.J.of Damage Mechanics,1994,3:3–37.
[22]殷有泉.岩土介质的弹塑性本构关系[A].见:王仁,黄克智,朱兆祥编.塑性力学进展[C].北京:中国铁道出版社,1988.236–267.(Yin Youquan.Elastoplastic constitutive relation for rock medium[A].In:Wang Ren,Huang Kezhi,Zhu Zhaoxiang ed.Advances in Plasticity[C].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,1988.236–267.(in Chinese))
[23]殷有泉.固体力学非线性有限元引论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,清华大学出版社,1987.(Yin Youquan.Introduction to Nonlinear Finite Element Method for Solid Mechanics[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,Tsinghua University Press,1987.(in Chinese))
[24]蔡永恩.热弹性问题的有限元方法及程序设计[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1997.(Cai Yong′en.The Finite Element Method and Program Design for Thermo-elasticity[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,1997.(in Chinese))
[25]赵永红.大理岩填充割缝周围的裂纹生长[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2504–2509.(Zhao Yonghong,Mini-crack development from a cemented fracture in marble specimen under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2504–2509.(in Chinese))
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