基于全寿命抗震性能的近海桥梁结构多目标优化设计方法
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摘要
投资-效益准则是基于结构性能抗震设计的重要原则,它所追求的设计目标是在结构的初始造价与地震损失期望之间达到一种和谐的优化平衡,使结构在全寿命周期内总费用最小.在以上的单目标优化模型基础上,提出了考虑结构初始造价、损伤期望、检查和维护费用、拆除费用及残余价值和环境污染费用的多目标全寿命优化设计模型.基于所提出的多目标优化设计模型,应用精英保留非劣排序遗传算法,建立了以截面尺寸、纵筋和箍筋的配筋率为决策变量的近海桥梁结构全寿命抗震性能多目标优化设计模型,并给出了优化设计流程及具体实现.结果表明:得到的非劣解在目标空间分布均匀,算法收敛性和鲁棒性较好.
Cost-benefit criterion is significant in performance-based seismic design.The objective of this criterion can make a reasonable and optimum balance between the initial cost of structures and potential loss expectation of structures,so as to minimize the total cost of structures in the whole life cycle.The multi-objective optimum design method based on single-objective optimum design method is firstly proposed considering initial cost,cost expectation,maintenance and inspection costs,dismantling fee,residual value and cost for potential environmental pollution.And then,elitist nondominated sorting genetic algorithm is used to establish life-cycle performance-based seismic design method for bridge structures by taking section size,reinforcement ratio of longitudinal reinforcement and stirrup as decision variables.The optimization design process and the concrete implementation are given in detail.The experimental results show the obtained non-inferior solution has uniform spatial distribution and the target algorithm has good convergence and robustness.
Cost-benefit criterion is significant in performance-based seismic design.The objective of this criterion can make a reasonable and optimum balance between the initial cost of structures and potential loss expectation of structures,so as to minimize the total cost of structures in the whole life cycle.The multi-objective optimum design method based on single-objective optimum design method is firstly proposed considering initial cost,cost expectation,maintenance and inspection costs,dismantling fee,residual value and cost for potential environmental pollution.And then,elitist nondominated sorting genetic algorithm is used to establish life-cycle performance-based seismic design method for bridge structures by taking section size,reinforcement ratio of longitudinal reinforcement and stirrup as decision variables.The optimization design process and the concrete implementation are given in detail.The experimental results show the obtained non-inferior solution has uniform spatial distribution and the target algorithm has good convergence and robustness.
引文
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[19]王秀丽,李淑慧,陈皓勇,等.基于非支配遗传算法及协同进化算法的多目标多区域电网规划[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(12):11-15.WANG Xiu-li,LI Shu-hui,CHEN Hao-yong,et al.Multi-objective and multi-district transmission planning based on NSGA-Ⅱand cooperative coevolutionary algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(12):11-15.(in Chinese)
[20]郑玉国,袁万城.基于GA-RS的规则钢筋混凝土桥梁圆形单柱桥墩延性抗震优化设计[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(3):81-84.ZHENG Yu-guo,YUAN Wan-cheng.Optimal ductile seimic design of regular RC single-column circle bridge piers based on GA-RS[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(3):81-84.(in Chinese)
[2]李刚,程耿东.基于投资-效益准则的结构目标性能水平[J].大连理工大学学报,2005,45(2):166-171.LI Gang,CHENG Geng-dong.Cost-effectiveness criterion based structural target performance levels[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2005,45(2):166-171.(in Chinese)
[3]陈跃,吕西林.基于成本-效益准则的高层RC框架结构优化设计(Ⅰ)-方法[J].自然灾害学报,2010,19(1):110-115.CHEN Yue,LYU Xi-lin.Cost-benefit criterionbased optimum design of highrise RC frame structure(Ⅰ):methodology[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2010,19(1):110-115.(in Chinese)
[4]马玉宏,赵桂峰,谭平,等.基础隔震结构全寿命费用研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2012,32(5):178-185.MA Yu-hong,ZHAO Gui-feng,TAN Ping,et al.Research on total life-cycle cost of base-isolated buildings[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2012,32(5):178-185.(in Chinese)
[5]柳春光,张士博,孙国帅,等.钢筋混凝土桥梁抗震性能目标优化决策[J].地震工程与工程振动,2014,34(3):55-61.LIU Chun-guang,ZHANG Shi-bo,SUN Guoshuai,et al.Optimization of seismic performance objectives for reinforced concrete bridge[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2014,34(3):55-61.(in Chinese)
[6]柳春光.桥梁结构地震响应与抗震性能分析[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.LIU Chun-guang.Seismic Response and Seismic Performance Analysis of Bridges[M].Beijing:China Building Industry Press,2009.(in Chinese)
[7]Wen Y K,Kang Y J.Minimum building life-cycle cost design criteria.I:Methodology[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2001,127(3):330-337.
[8]欧进萍,牛荻涛,王光远.非线性钢筋混凝土抗震结构的损失估计与优化设计[J].土木工程学报,1993,26(10):14-21.OU Jin-ping,NIU Di-tao,WANG Guang-yuan.Loss assessment and optimum design of nonlinear reinforced concrete aseismic structures[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1993,26(10):14-21.(in Chinese)
[9]尹之潜,杨淑文.地震损失分析与设防标准[M].北京:地震出版社,2004.YIN Zhi-qian,YANG Shu-wen.Analysis and Design Criterion of Earthquake Losses[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,2004.(in Chinese)
[10]谢楠,陈英俊.铁路桥梁在地震作用下考虑行车安全的可靠度问题[J].工程力学,2002,19(5):36-40.XIE Nan,CHEN Ying-jun.The reliability problem of train-running safety for reinforced concrete railway bridge under earthquake[J].Engineering Mechanics,2002,19(5):36-40.(in Chinese)
[11]姜锐,苏小卒.铁路桥梁震害预测及损失估计方法的研究与应用[J].铁道学报,2006,28(3):133-136.JIANG Rui,SU Xiao-zu.Study and application of railway bridges earthquake vulnerability assessment and loss estimation[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2006,28(3):133-136.(in Chinese)
[12]陆本燕,刘伯权,刘鸣,等.钢筋混凝土桥墩性能指标量化研究[J].中国公路学报,2010,23(6):49-57.LU Ben-yan,LIU Bo-quan,LIU Ming,et al.Quantitative research on reinforced concrete performance index of reinforced concrete bridge column[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2010,23(6):49-57.(in Chinese)
[13]孙丽,张娜.海水环境腐蚀下的GFRP筋抗压性能试验[J].沈阳建筑大学学报:自然科学版,2013,29(1):36-43.SUN Li,ZHANG Na.The compression performance of GFRP bars in seawater environment[J].Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University:Natural Science,2013,29(1):36-43.
[14]叶文亚,李国平,范立础.桥梁全寿命成本初步分析[J].公路,2006(6):101-104.YE Wen-ya,LI Guo-ping,FAN Li-chu.The preliminary analysis of bridge life-cycle cost[J].Highway,2006(6):101-104.(in Chinese)
[15]中华人民共和国交通部.JTG B03—2006公路建设项目环境影响评价规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2006.Ministry of Communications of the People′s Republic of China.JTG B03-2006Specifications for Environmental Impact Assessment of Highways[S].Beijing:China Communication Press,2006.(in Chinese)
[16]Goldberg D E.A comparative analysis of selection schemes used in genetic algorithms[C]//Foundations of Genetic Algorithms.San Mateo:Morgan Kaufmann,1991:69-93.
[17]Srinivas N,Deb K.Multiobjective optimization using nondominated sorting in genetic algorithms[J].Evolutionary Computation,1994,2(3):221-248.
[18]Deb K,Agrawal S,Pratap A,et al.A fast elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm for multiobjective optimization:NSGA-II[C]//Parallel Problem Solving from Nature PPSN VI.Berlin:Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2000.
[19]王秀丽,李淑慧,陈皓勇,等.基于非支配遗传算法及协同进化算法的多目标多区域电网规划[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(12):11-15.WANG Xiu-li,LI Shu-hui,CHEN Hao-yong,et al.Multi-objective and multi-district transmission planning based on NSGA-Ⅱand cooperative coevolutionary algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(12):11-15.(in Chinese)
[20]郑玉国,袁万城.基于GA-RS的规则钢筋混凝土桥梁圆形单柱桥墩延性抗震优化设计[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(3):81-84.ZHENG Yu-guo,YUAN Wan-cheng.Optimal ductile seimic design of regular RC single-column circle bridge piers based on GA-RS[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(3):81-84.(in Chinese)
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