缓倾软硬岩互层边坡变形破坏机制模型试验研究
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摘要
以宜巴高速公路沿途彭家湾软硬岩互层边坡为工程依托,依据地质分析及相似理论建立缓倾软硬岩互层边坡室内模型,采用开挖试验及和注水软化试验来模拟实际中的工程开挖(或河谷下切)和雨水浸润软化过程,研究缓倾软硬岩互层边坡的变形破坏机制。结果表明:在开挖及雨水软化两种工况下,该类软硬岩互层边坡的变形模式都是前期的滑移拉裂变形和后期的整体蠕滑变形,破坏模式是以深部软层为滑动面的整体滑移;硬岩层与软岩层的变形情况略有不同,硬岩层以整体蠕滑变形为主,而软岩层以滑移拉裂变形为主;深部软岩层的状态变化对边坡的整体稳定性影响非常关键;工程开挖(河谷下切)及雨水入渗都会对该类缓倾软硬岩互层边坡的稳定性有重要影响,开挖导致的临空面及微裂隙是滑坡发生的基础,水是滑坡发生的条件和诱因。
A lab model experiment of low-angled slope with interbedding of soft and hard rock is designed on the basis of geological analysis and similarity theory. The lab test is based on Peng Jiawan slope at Yi-Ba highway which has interbedding of soft and hard rocks with low dip angle. In the model tests, slope excavation tests are used to simulate the engineering excavation(or valley incision); and the water injection softening processes are used to simulate the rainfall infiltration. The results show: under both excavation and rainfall infiltration conditions, the deformation modes of the slope are sliding-tension at first and overall creep-slippage in the latter; and the failure mode is overall slip failure along the sliding zone of deep soft rock. Strictly speaking, the deformation of hard rock strata differs from the deformation of soft rock strata. Hard rock deforms mainly in sliding-tension but soft rock deforms mainly in overall creep-slippage. Changes of the condition of deep soft rock affect the total stability of the interbedding slope mostly. Both excavation and rainfall infiltration would lead to decline of stability of the slope. The free surfaces and micro-fissures induced by excavation are the basis triggering slope failure, and the rainfall provides incentives to the slope failure.
A lab model experiment of low-angled slope with interbedding of soft and hard rock is designed on the basis of geological analysis and similarity theory. The lab test is based on Peng Jiawan slope at Yi-Ba highway which has interbedding of soft and hard rocks with low dip angle. In the model tests, slope excavation tests are used to simulate the engineering excavation(or valley incision); and the water injection softening processes are used to simulate the rainfall infiltration. The results show: under both excavation and rainfall infiltration conditions, the deformation modes of the slope are sliding-tension at first and overall creep-slippage in the latter; and the failure mode is overall slip failure along the sliding zone of deep soft rock. Strictly speaking, the deformation of hard rock strata differs from the deformation of soft rock strata. Hard rock deforms mainly in sliding-tension but soft rock deforms mainly in overall creep-slippage. Changes of the condition of deep soft rock affect the total stability of the interbedding slope mostly. Both excavation and rainfall infiltration would lead to decline of stability of the slope. The free surfaces and micro-fissures induced by excavation are the basis triggering slope failure, and the rainfall provides incentives to the slope failure.
引文
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[19]夏开宗,陈从新,鲁祖德.考虑水力作用的顺层岩质边坡稳定性图解分析[J].岩土力学,2014,35(10):2985-3040.XIA Kai-zong,CHEN Cong-xin,LU Zu-de.Analysis of stability diagram of rock bedded slope under hydraulic pressure[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(10):2985-3040.
[20]谢瑾荣,周翠英,程晔.降雨条件下软岩边坡渗流-软化分析方法及其灾变机制[J].岩土力学,2014,35(1):197-210.XIE Jin-rong,ZHOU Cui-ying,CHENG Ye.Method of seepage-softening analysis and disaster mechanism in soft rock slope under rainfall[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(1):197-210.
[2]宋玉环.西南地区软硬互层岩质边坡变形破坏模式及稳定性研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2011.
[3]黄润秋,赵松江,宋肖冰,等.四川省宣汉县天台乡滑坡形成过程和机理分析[J].水文地质工程地质.2005,(1):13-15.HUANG Run-qiu,ZHAO Song-jiang,SONG Xiao-bing,et al.The formation and mechanism analysis of Tiantai landslide,Xuanhan County.Sichuan Province[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2005,(1):13-15.
[4]许强,黄润秋,殷跃平,等.2009年6·5重庆武隆鸡尾山崩滑灾害基本特征与成因机理初步研究[J].工程地质学报.2009.17(4):433-444.XU Qiang,HUANG Run-qiu,YIN Yue-ping,et al.The Jiweishan landslide of June 5,2009 in Wulong,Chongqing:Characteristics and failure mechanism[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(4):433-444.
[5]吴红刚,马惠民,侯殿英,等.青海高原“龙穆尔沟”红层滑坡变形机制的地质分析与模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2010,29(10):2091-2102.WU Hong-gang,MA Hui-min,HOU Dian-ying,et al.Geological analysis and model experimental study of deformation mechanism of Ditch–Moore red bed landslide at Qinghai plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):2091-2102.
[6]吉随旺,张悼元,王凌云,等.近水平软硬互层斜坡变形破坏机制[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2000,11(9):49-52JI Sui-wang,ZHANG Zhuo-yuan,WANG Ling-yun,et al.The mechanism of deformation and failure for the slope composed of nearly horizontal competent and incompetent intercalated rock mass strata[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control.2000,11(9):49-52.
[7]程强,周永江,黄绍槟.近水平红层开挖边坡变形破坏特征[J].岩土力学,2004,25(8):1311-1314.CHENG Qiang,ZHOU Yong-jiang,HUANG Shao-bin.Distortion and failure character of excavation slope in approximate level red beds[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(8):1311-1314.
[8]刘宏,宋建波,向喜琼.缓倾角层状岩质边坡小危岩体失稳破坏模式与稳定性评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(8):1606-1611.LIU Hong,SONG Jian-bo,XIANG Xi-qiong.Failure model and stability evaluation of small instable rocks distributed in low–angled stratofabric rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(8):1606-1611.
[9]胡斌,黄润秋.软硬岩互层边坡崩塌机理及治理对策研究[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(2):200-205HU Bin,HUANG Run-qiu.Collapse mechanism and treatment measures of slopes with interbeddings of soft and hard rocks[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(2):200-205.
[10]董金玉,杨继红,伍法权,等.三峡库区软硬互层近水平地层高切坡崩塌研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(1):151-157.DONG Jin-yu,YANG Ji-hong,WU Fa-quan,et al.Research on collapse of high cutting slope with horizontal soft–hard alternate strata in Three Gorges reservoir area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(1):151-157
[11]丁秀丽,付敬,刘建,等.软硬互层边坡岩体的蠕变特性研究及稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(19):3411-3418DING Xiu-li,FU Jing,LIU Jian,et al.Study on creep behavior of alternatively distributed soft and hard rock layers and slope stability analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(19):3411-3418.
[12]刘汉香.软硬岩组合型斜坡地震动响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2011.
[13]李果.强震条件下层状岩体斜坡动力失稳机理研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2012.
[14]张桂民,李银平,杨长来,等.软硬互层盐岩变形破损物理模拟试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(9):1813-1820.ZHANG Gui-ming,LI Yin-ping,YANG Chang-lai,et al.Physical simulation of deformation and failure mechanism of soft and hard interbedded salt rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(9):1813-1820.
[15]边亚东,张玉国,常利武.边坡变形破坏模式识别系统的实现[J].岩土工程技术,2006,20(3):121-123.BIAN Ya-dong ZHANG Yu-guo CHANG Li-wu.Realization of slope failure pattern recognition system[J].Geotechnical Engineering Technique,2006,20(3):121-123.
[16]中科院武汉岩土力学研究所.软硬岩互层型滑坡(边坡)失稳机理与处治技术研究进展报告[R].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2011.
[17]左保成,陈从新,刘小巍,等.反倾岩质边坡破坏机理模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(19):3505-3511.ZUO Bao-cheng,CHEN Cong-xin,LIU Xiao-wei,et al.Modeling experiment study on failure mechanism of counter–tilt rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(19):3505-3511.
[18]卢增木.顺层岩石高边坡的稳定性研究[D].武汉:中科院武汉岩土力学研究所,2005.
[19]夏开宗,陈从新,鲁祖德.考虑水力作用的顺层岩质边坡稳定性图解分析[J].岩土力学,2014,35(10):2985-3040.XIA Kai-zong,CHEN Cong-xin,LU Zu-de.Analysis of stability diagram of rock bedded slope under hydraulic pressure[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(10):2985-3040.
[20]谢瑾荣,周翠英,程晔.降雨条件下软岩边坡渗流-软化分析方法及其灾变机制[J].岩土力学,2014,35(1):197-210.XIE Jin-rong,ZHOU Cui-ying,CHENG Ye.Method of seepage-softening analysis and disaster mechanism in soft rock slope under rainfall[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(1):197-210.
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