基于HHT的雷管实际延时识别法在城市环境微差爆破中的应用
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摘要
以重庆渝中连接隧道爆破工程为例,利用Hilbert-Huang变换分析爆破振速信号,对比瞬时能量法与EMD识别法识别雷管实际延时时间效果。研究结果显示,瞬时能量法识别率在30%~60%,低段别平均识别率仅35%;而EMD识别法识别率为66%~90%,各段识别率平均较瞬时能量法高约30%。对不同药量单孔爆破实验分析表明,单孔药量1.2 kg的起爆能量衰减时间为150 ms。常规药量下雷管间微差起爆间隔大于50 ms以上时可用瞬时能量法识别起爆时刻;城市隧道用50 ms以下小间隔微差爆破时用EMD识别法识别率较高。
The exact identification of a detonator's actual firing time is a basis to analyze the relationship between millisecond interval and blasting vibration velocity,it is of great significance to control blasting vibration for tunnel excavation under complex urban environment. Here, taking Chongqing city Yuzhong connecting tunnel blasting engineering as an example,the blasting vibration velocity versus time data were analyzed with HHT( Hilbert-Huang transformation). The denotators' actural time-delay effects using the instantaneous energy method were compared with those using the EMD method. The study results showed that the instantaneous energy method identification rate is 30% ~60%,the average identification rate detonators of lower segment is only 35%; while the EMD method identification rate is66% ~ 90%,the identification rates of all segments about 30% higher than those of the instantaneous energy method. The analysis for single-hole blasting tests with different blasting charges indicated that the attenuation time of a single-hole blasting's energy is nearly 150 ms with 112 kg blasting charge; the instantaneous energy method can be used to identify the initial blasting instant under the condition of a usual blasting charge if time delay of detonators is longer than 50 ms;however,the identification reliability of the EMD method is relatively higher if the time delay of fetonators in millisecond blasting is less than 50 ms for urban tunnel excavation.
The exact identification of a detonator's actual firing time is a basis to analyze the relationship between millisecond interval and blasting vibration velocity,it is of great significance to control blasting vibration for tunnel excavation under complex urban environment. Here, taking Chongqing city Yuzhong connecting tunnel blasting engineering as an example,the blasting vibration velocity versus time data were analyzed with HHT( Hilbert-Huang transformation). The denotators' actural time-delay effects using the instantaneous energy method were compared with those using the EMD method. The study results showed that the instantaneous energy method identification rate is 30% ~60%,the average identification rate detonators of lower segment is only 35%; while the EMD method identification rate is66% ~ 90%,the identification rates of all segments about 30% higher than those of the instantaneous energy method. The analysis for single-hole blasting tests with different blasting charges indicated that the attenuation time of a single-hole blasting's energy is nearly 150 ms with 112 kg blasting charge; the instantaneous energy method can be used to identify the initial blasting instant under the condition of a usual blasting charge if time delay of detonators is longer than 50 ms;however,the identification reliability of the EMD method is relatively higher if the time delay of fetonators in millisecond blasting is less than 50 ms for urban tunnel excavation.
引文
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[7]凌同华,李夕兵.基于小波变换的时能分布确定微差爆破的实际延迟时间[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(13):2266-2270.LING Tong-hua,LI Xi-bing.Time-energy analysis based wavelet transform for identifying real delay time in millisecond blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(13):2266-2270.
[8]徐振洋,杨军,陈占扬.高精度雷管逐孔起爆地震信号的精确时频分析[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(S2):331-335.XU Zhen-yang,YANG Jun,CHEN Zhan-yang.Precise timefrequency analysis on seismic signal by hole initiation using high-precision detonators[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(S2):331-335.
[9]范作鹏,钱守一,李启月.微差爆破实际延迟时间识别方法比较与优选[J].矿冶工程,2012,32(3):4-8.FAN Zuo-peng,QIAN Shou-yi,LI Qi-yue.Comparison and optimization of methods for real delay time identification in millisecond blasting[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,2012,32(3):4-8.
[10]Huang N E,Shen Z,Long S R.A new view of nonlinear water waves-Hilbert spectrum[J].Ann Ren Fluid Mech,1999,31:417-457.
[11]钱守一,李启月.微差爆破实际延迟时间的HHT瞬时能量识别法[J].矿业研究与开发,2012,32(2):113-116.QIAN Shou-yi,LI Qi-yue.HHT instantaneous energy method to identify of delay time in millisecond blasting[J].Mining Research and Development,2012,32(2):113-116.
[12]张义平,李夕兵,赵国彦.爆破微差延时的EMD识别法[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006,3(2):488-490.ZHANG Yi-ping,LI Xi-bing,ZHAO Guo-yan.The method of using EMD to identify time of delay in millisecond blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2006,3(2):488-490.
[13]凌同华,李夕兵.爆破振动信号不同频带的能量分布规律[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2004,35(2):310-315.LING Tong-hua,LI Xi-bing.Laws of energy distribution in different frequency bands for blast vibration signals[J].J.Cent.South Univ.(Natural Science),2004,35(2):310-315.
[14]李夕兵,凌同华.单段与多段微差爆破地震的反应谱特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(14):2409-2413.LI Xi-bing,LING Tong-hua.Response spectrum analysis of ground vibration induced by single deck and multi-deck blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(14):2409-2413.
[15]赵明生,梁开水,李本伟.段药量对爆破振动信号时频特性的影响研究[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(7):85-88.ZHAO Ming-sheng,LIANG Kai-shui,LI Ben-wei.Influence of deck charge on time-frequency characteristics of a blasting vibration signal[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(7):85-88.
[2]高文学,颜鹏程,李志星,等.浅埋隧道爆破开挖及其振动效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(S2):4154-4157.GAO Wen-xue,YAN Pen-cheng,LI ZHI-xing,et al.Blasting excavation and vibration effects of shallow tunnel excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(S2):4154-4157.
[3]周春锋.城市浅埋隧道开挖减震控制爆破技术[J].工程爆破,2001,7(1):57-61.ZHOU Chun-feng.Vibration-rrducing controlled blasting technology for excavation of urban shallow tunnel[J].Engineering blasting,2001,7(1):57-61.
[4]朱泽兵,张永兴,刘新荣,等.特大断面车站隧道爆破开挖对地表建筑物的影响[J].重庆大学学报,2010,33(2):110-116.ZHU Ze-bing,ZHANG Yong-xing,LIU Xin-rong,et al.Influence of blasting vibration on adjacent buildings of station tunnel[J].Journal of Chongqing university,2010,33(2):110-116.
[5]龚建伍,夏才初,郑志东,等.鹤上三车道小净距隧道爆破振动测试与分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(9):1882-1887.GONG Jian-wu,XIA Cai-chu,ZHENG Zhi-dong,et al.Measurement and analysis of blasting vibration in Heshang three-lane tunnels with small clear-space[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(9):1882-1887.
[6]陈庆,王宏图,胡国忠,等.隧道开挖施工的爆破振动监测与控制技术[J].岩土力学,2005,26(6):964-967.CHEN Qing,WANG Hong-tu,HU Guo-zhong,et al.Monitoring and controlling technology for blasting vibration induced by tunnel excavation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(6):964-967.
[7]凌同华,李夕兵.基于小波变换的时能分布确定微差爆破的实际延迟时间[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(13):2266-2270.LING Tong-hua,LI Xi-bing.Time-energy analysis based wavelet transform for identifying real delay time in millisecond blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(13):2266-2270.
[8]徐振洋,杨军,陈占扬.高精度雷管逐孔起爆地震信号的精确时频分析[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(S2):331-335.XU Zhen-yang,YANG Jun,CHEN Zhan-yang.Precise timefrequency analysis on seismic signal by hole initiation using high-precision detonators[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(S2):331-335.
[9]范作鹏,钱守一,李启月.微差爆破实际延迟时间识别方法比较与优选[J].矿冶工程,2012,32(3):4-8.FAN Zuo-peng,QIAN Shou-yi,LI Qi-yue.Comparison and optimization of methods for real delay time identification in millisecond blasting[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,2012,32(3):4-8.
[10]Huang N E,Shen Z,Long S R.A new view of nonlinear water waves-Hilbert spectrum[J].Ann Ren Fluid Mech,1999,31:417-457.
[11]钱守一,李启月.微差爆破实际延迟时间的HHT瞬时能量识别法[J].矿业研究与开发,2012,32(2):113-116.QIAN Shou-yi,LI Qi-yue.HHT instantaneous energy method to identify of delay time in millisecond blasting[J].Mining Research and Development,2012,32(2):113-116.
[12]张义平,李夕兵,赵国彦.爆破微差延时的EMD识别法[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006,3(2):488-490.ZHANG Yi-ping,LI Xi-bing,ZHAO Guo-yan.The method of using EMD to identify time of delay in millisecond blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2006,3(2):488-490.
[13]凌同华,李夕兵.爆破振动信号不同频带的能量分布规律[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2004,35(2):310-315.LING Tong-hua,LI Xi-bing.Laws of energy distribution in different frequency bands for blast vibration signals[J].J.Cent.South Univ.(Natural Science),2004,35(2):310-315.
[14]李夕兵,凌同华.单段与多段微差爆破地震的反应谱特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(14):2409-2413.LI Xi-bing,LING Tong-hua.Response spectrum analysis of ground vibration induced by single deck and multi-deck blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(14):2409-2413.
[15]赵明生,梁开水,李本伟.段药量对爆破振动信号时频特性的影响研究[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(7):85-88.ZHAO Ming-sheng,LIANG Kai-shui,LI Ben-wei.Influence of deck charge on time-frequency characteristics of a blasting vibration signal[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(7):85-88.
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