柴达木盆地红柳泉地区致密油储层地震预测方法
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摘要
柴达木盆地红柳泉地区下干柴沟组下段顶部I层组泥灰岩发育,具有较强的非均质性,孔隙度为5%~12%,渗透率为0.05~1.0 mD,属于低孔、特低渗储层,其分布具有单层厚度薄、层数多、纵向相互叠置、横向范围广的特征,常规地震属性分析或反演由于分辨率较低,难以精确地预测其有利储层分布。为此,针对这种薄层致密碳酸盐岩储层,通过工区实际井资料的地震正演模拟分析,明确了致密储层地震响应特征,进而探索性地将地震分频成像、90°相位转换、分频属性优化等技术有效结合,较好地预测了泥灰岩分布范围及有利储层发育区,且与实钻井吻合度较高,有效地指导了该区致密油的勘探工作,对整个柴西地区致密油储层预测具有借鉴意义。
Well developed in I-set at the top of the lower member of Xiaganchaigou Formation in Hongliuquan area,Qaidam Basin,the tight marl reservoir has strong heterogeneity,with low porosity of 5%-12%and extra-low permeability of 0.05-1.0 mD.Its distribution has the characteristics of thin single layer,multi-layer,longitudinal overlap and wide horizontal range.Because of low resolution,it is difficult to accurately predict the distribution of favorable reservoirs using conventional seismic attribute analysis or inversion.Thus,as to the thin layer of tight carbonate reservoir,its seismic response characteristics can be identified through analysis of the actual well in work area using seismic forward modeling method.Further,it is exploratory to adopt the effective technical combination of seismic frequency-divided imaging,90°phase rotation and frequency division attribute optimization,which can better predict the distribution of micrite and favorable reservoir development zone.Moreover,the results are highly consistent with the actual drilling data,thus effectively guiding the tight oil exploration in this area and also providing a reference for prediction of tight oil reservoirs in the entire western Qaidam Basin.
Well developed in I-set at the top of the lower member of Xiaganchaigou Formation in Hongliuquan area,Qaidam Basin,the tight marl reservoir has strong heterogeneity,with low porosity of 5%-12%and extra-low permeability of 0.05-1.0 mD.Its distribution has the characteristics of thin single layer,multi-layer,longitudinal overlap and wide horizontal range.Because of low resolution,it is difficult to accurately predict the distribution of favorable reservoirs using conventional seismic attribute analysis or inversion.Thus,as to the thin layer of tight carbonate reservoir,its seismic response characteristics can be identified through analysis of the actual well in work area using seismic forward modeling method.Further,it is exploratory to adopt the effective technical combination of seismic frequency-divided imaging,90°phase rotation and frequency division attribute optimization,which can better predict the distribution of micrite and favorable reservoir development zone.Moreover,the results are highly consistent with the actual drilling data,thus effectively guiding the tight oil exploration in this area and also providing a reference for prediction of tight oil reservoirs in the entire western Qaidam Basin.
引文
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[17]李劲松,李艳东,张昕,等.地震谱分解技术在岩性油气藏描述中的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2008,30(2):239-241.Li Jinsong,Li Yandong,Zhang Xin,et al.Application of seismic spectral decomposition in lithological reservoir description[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2008,30(2):239-241.
[18]何胡军,王秋语,程会明,等.频谱成像技术在滩坝砂岩预测中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2011,30(1):161-164.He Hujun,Wang Qiuyu,Cheng Huiming,et al.Application of frequency spectrum imaging technology in beach bar sandstone prediction[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2011,30(1):161-164.
[19]Zeng Hongliu,Kerans C.Seismic frequency control on carbonate seismic stratigraphy:a case study of the Kingdom Abosequence,west Texas.AAPG Bulletin,2003,87(2):273-293.
[20]Zeng Hongliu,Backus M M.Interpretive advantages of 90 phase wavelets:Part 1:Modeling[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):C7-C15.
[21]Zeng Hongliu,Backus M M.Interpretive advantages of 90-phase wavelets:Part 2:Seismic applications[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):C17-C24.
[22]董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.地震沉积学的概念、方法和技术[J].沉积学报,2006,24(5):698-704.Dong Chunmei,Zhang Xianguo,Lin Chengyan.Conception,method and technology of the seismic sedimentology[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(5):698-704.
[23]Kallweit R S,Wood L C.The limits of resolution of zero-phase wavelets[J].Geophysics,1982,47(7):1035-1046.
[24]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:1-3.Yu Shoupeng.High resolution seismic exploration[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993:1-3.
[2]邹才能,朱如凯,吴松涛,等.常规与非常规油气聚集类型、特征、机理及展望——以中国致密油和致密气为例[J].石油学报,2012,33(2):173-187.Zou Caineng,Zhu Rukai,Wu Songtao,et al.Types,characteristics,genesis and prospects of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon accumulations:taking tight oil and tight gas in China as an instance[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(2):173-187.
[3]贾承造,郑民,张永峰.中国非常规油气资源与勘探开发前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(2):129-136.Jia Chengzao,Zheng Min,Zhang Yongfeng.Unconventional hydrocarbon resources in China and the prospect of exploration and development[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(2):129-136.
[4]梁狄刚,冉隆辉,戴弹申,等.四川盆地中北部侏罗系大面积非常规石油勘探潜力的再认识[J].石油学报,2011,32(1):8-17.Liang Digang,Ran Longhui,Dai Danshen,et al.A recognition of the prospecting potential of Jurassic large-area and non-conventional oils in the central-northern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(1):8-17.
[5]邹才能,陶士振,侯连华,等.非常规油气地质[M].北京:地质出版社,2011:1-218.Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen,Hou Lianhua,et al.Unconventional petroleum geology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2011:1-218.
[6]匡立春,唐勇,雷德文,等.准噶尔盆地二叠系咸化湖相云质岩致密油形成条件与勘探潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(6):657-667.Kuang Lichun,Tang Yong,Lei Dewen,et al.Formation conditions and exploration potential of tight oil in the Permian saline lacustrine dolomitic rock,Junggar Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(6):657-667.
[7]孙赞东,贾承造,李相方,等.非常规油气勘探与开发(上册)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011:1-150.Sun Zandong,Jia Chengzao,Li Xiangfang,et al.Unconventional oil&gas exploration and development(upper volumes)[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011:1-150.
[8]赵政璋,杜金虎.致密油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012:1-13.Zhao Zhengzhang,Du Jinhu.Tight oil and gas[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2012:1-13.
[9]刘振峰,董宁,张永贵,等.致密碎屑岩储层地震反演技术方案及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(2):298-304.Liu Zhenfeng,Dong Ning,Zhang Yonggui,et al.Seismic inversion program for tight clastic reservoir and its application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(2):298-304.
[10]贺振华,胡光岷,黄德济.致密储层裂缝发育带的地震识别及相应策略[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):190-195.He Zhenhua,Hu Guangmin,Huang Deji.Seismic identification of fracture-developed zone of dense reservoir and relative strategy[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(2):190-195.
[11]谯述蓉,张虹,赵爽.川西DY地区须家河组致密砂岩储层预测技术及应用效果分析[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(6):774-780.Qiao Shurong,Zhang Hong,Zhao Shuang.Reservoir prediction techniques and their application to tight sandstones of the Xujiahe Formation in DY area,western Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(6):774-780.
[12]黎从军,黄跃,谢用良.四川盆地马井气田低致密储层预测技术研究[J].石油物探,2002,41(4):443-447.Li Congjun,Huang Yue,Xie Yongliang.Prediction technique for low tight reservoirs in Majing gas field of Sichuan Baisn[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2012,41(4):443-447.
[13]Peyton L,Bottjer R,Partyka G.Interpretation of incised valleys using new3-D seismic techniques:a case history using spectral decomposition and coherency[J].The Leading Edge,1998,17(9):1294-1298.
[14]蔡瑞.基于谱分解技术的缝洞型碳酸盐岩溶洞识别方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(2):82-85.Cai Rui.Carbonate cave identification by using a spectral decomposition technique[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(2):82-85.
[15]范洪军,李军,肖毓祥,等.地震分频技术在扇三角洲演化过程研究中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(5):682-686,692.Fan Hongjun,Li Jun,Xiao Yuxiang,et al.Application of seismic frequency-division technology in the study of fan-delta evolution[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(5):682-686,692.
[16]张延章,尹寿鹏,张巧玲,等.地震分频技术的地质内涵及其效果分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(1):64-71.Zhang Yanzhang,Yin Shoupeng,Zhang Qiaoling,et al.Geologic significance of the seismic spectral decomposition technology and its application analysis[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(1):64-71.
[17]李劲松,李艳东,张昕,等.地震谱分解技术在岩性油气藏描述中的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2008,30(2):239-241.Li Jinsong,Li Yandong,Zhang Xin,et al.Application of seismic spectral decomposition in lithological reservoir description[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2008,30(2):239-241.
[18]何胡军,王秋语,程会明,等.频谱成像技术在滩坝砂岩预测中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2011,30(1):161-164.He Hujun,Wang Qiuyu,Cheng Huiming,et al.Application of frequency spectrum imaging technology in beach bar sandstone prediction[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2011,30(1):161-164.
[19]Zeng Hongliu,Kerans C.Seismic frequency control on carbonate seismic stratigraphy:a case study of the Kingdom Abosequence,west Texas.AAPG Bulletin,2003,87(2):273-293.
[20]Zeng Hongliu,Backus M M.Interpretive advantages of 90 phase wavelets:Part 1:Modeling[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):C7-C15.
[21]Zeng Hongliu,Backus M M.Interpretive advantages of 90-phase wavelets:Part 2:Seismic applications[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):C17-C24.
[22]董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.地震沉积学的概念、方法和技术[J].沉积学报,2006,24(5):698-704.Dong Chunmei,Zhang Xianguo,Lin Chengyan.Conception,method and technology of the seismic sedimentology[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(5):698-704.
[23]Kallweit R S,Wood L C.The limits of resolution of zero-phase wavelets[J].Geophysics,1982,47(7):1035-1046.
[24]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:1-3.Yu Shoupeng.High resolution seismic exploration[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993:1-3.
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