青海玉树M_S 7.1地震震后断层流体地球化学连续观测
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摘要
为了探究地震对断层流体逸出的影响和震后流体地球化学特征随时间的变化与余震对应关系,在玉树地震断层进行了震后断层土壤气氡、CO2以及泉水气氡等流体地球化学连续观测.观测结果发现震后一个月的时间内CO2和土壤气氡、水氡浓度都保持在比较高的水平.此后浓度有一个先下降在上升的变化过程,在浓度下降变化的过程中,余震比较少;而在浓度上升过程中,余震活动比较活跃,数量多,震级大.玉树地震后断层带CO2和壤气氡、水氡浓度增加,表明地震前后断层的活动性增强,改变了区域内原有的应力场水平,导致了深部流体沿着地震断裂运移到地壳浅部.
For understanding the effect of earthquake on fault fluid escaping and relationship of post-seismic fault fluid geochemistry and aftershock activities,continuously fault gas geochemical observations were carried to investigate changes of soil CO2,Rn and spring Rn at earthquake fault after Yushu MS 7.1 earthquake.The observed results show concentration of soil CO2,Rn and spring Rn kept in high level in one month after the Yushu earthquake happened.Subsequently the concentrations firstly decreased and then increased.Aftershock little happened during the fault gas concentration decreasing stage;however during the fault gas concentration increasing,strong aftershock happened and aftershock magnitude and quantities are large.Increasing of concentration of soil CO2,Rn and spring Rn at Yushu earthquake fault after the earthquake indicate that fault activity increased before and after earthquake.Earthquake changed regional stress conditions and made deep fluid escaping to crust surface along earthquake fault.
For understanding the effect of earthquake on fault fluid escaping and relationship of post-seismic fault fluid geochemistry and aftershock activities,continuously fault gas geochemical observations were carried to investigate changes of soil CO2,Rn and spring Rn at earthquake fault after Yushu MS 7.1 earthquake.The observed results show concentration of soil CO2,Rn and spring Rn kept in high level in one month after the Yushu earthquake happened.Subsequently the concentrations firstly decreased and then increased.Aftershock little happened during the fault gas concentration decreasing stage;however during the fault gas concentration increasing,strong aftershock happened and aftershock magnitude and quantities are large.Increasing of concentration of soil CO2,Rn and spring Rn at Yushu earthquake fault after the earthquake indicate that fault activity increased before and after earthquake.Earthquake changed regional stress conditions and made deep fluid escaping to crust surface along earthquake fault.
引文
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[2]汪成民,李宣珊,魏柏林.断层气测量在地震科学中的应用.北京:地震出版社,1991.Wang C M,Li X H,Wei B L.Application of Fault GasMeasurement in Seismic Science(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1991.
[3]Ciotoli G,Guerra M,Lombardi E,et al.Soil gas survey fortracing seismogenic faults:a case study in the Fucino basin,Central Italy.J.Geophys.Res.,1998,103(B10):23781-23794.
[4]Hinkle M.Environmental conditions affecting concentrations ofHe,CO2,O2and N2in soil gases.Appl.Geochem.,1994,9(1):53-63.
[5]刘雷,杜建国,付碧宏等.玉树MS7.1级地震甘达村段构造地球化学特征.矿物岩石地球化学通报,2011,30(2):129-134.Liu L,Du J G,Fu B H,et al.Gas geochemical and tectoniccharacteristics of Ganda village at the MS7.1earthquake zoneof Yushu.Bull.Miner.Petrol.Geochem.(in Chinese),2011,32(2):129-134.
[6]万水革,吴忠良,周公威等.地震应力触发研究.地震学报,2002,24(5):533-551.Wan Y G,Wu ZH L,Zhou G W,et al.Research on seismicstress triggering.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2002,24(5):533-551.
[7]Chiodini G,Cardellini C,Amato A,et al.Carbon dioxide Earthdegassing and seismogenesis in central and southern Italy.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2004,31(7):L07615,doi:10.1029/2004GL019480.
[8]杜乐天.地球排气作用的重大意义及研究进展.地质论评,2005,51(2):174-180.Du L T.Significance of earth degassing and its researchprogress.Geological Rev.,2005,51(2):174-180.
[9]Du J G,Si X Y,Chen Y X,et al.Geochemical anomaliesconnected with great earthquakes in China.//Stefdnsson ed.Geochemistry Research Advances.New York:Nova SciencePublishers Inc,2008:57-92.
[10]Mjachkin V I,Brace W F,Sobolev G A,et al.Two models forearthquake forerunners.Pure Appl.Geophys.,1975,113(1):169-181
[11]张炜,王吉易,鄄秀满等.水文地球化学预报地震的原理与方法.北京:教育科学出版社,1988.Zhang W,Wang Y J,Zhen X M,et al.Theory and Method ofHydrogeochemistry for Predicting Earthquakes(in Chinese).Beijing:Education Science Publishing House,1988.
[12]Baixeras C,Erlandsson B,Font L L,et al.Radon emanationfrom soil samples.Radiat.Meas.,2001,34(1-6):441-443.
[13]杜建国,宇文欣,李圣强等.八宝山断裂带逸出氡的地球化学特征及其映震效能.地震,1998,18(2):155-162.Du J G,Yu W X,Li S Q,et al.The geochemicalcharacteristics of escaped radon from the Babaoshan faultzone and its earthquake reflecting effect.Earthquake(inChinese),1998,18(2):155-162.
[14]林元武,刘五洲,王基华等.张北-尚义地震现场CO2测量与震后趋势判断.地震地质,1998,20(2):117-121.Lin Y W,Liu W Z H,Wang J H,et al.Observation of CO2inthe field of Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake and prediction ofseismic trend after main shock.Seismology and Geology(inChinese),1998,20(2):117-121.
[15]张秀萍,王曰风,马利军等.怀来地震台CO2异常变化特征与地震关系分析.华北地震科学,2007,25(2):20-23.Zhang X P,Wang Y F,Ma L J,et al.Characteristics of theCO2anomaly in Huailai Seismostation and its relation withearthquakes.North China Earthquake Sciences(in Chinese),2007,25(2):20-23.
[16]刘耀炜,任宏微.汶川8.0级地震氡观测值震后效应特征初步分析.地震,2009,29(1):121-131.Liu Y W,Ren H W.Preliminary analysis of the characteristicsof post-seismic effect of radon after the Wenchuan 8.0earthquake.Earthquake(in Chinese),2009,29(1):121-131.
[17]Ball T K,Cameron D G,Colman T B,et al.Behaviour ofradon in the geological environment:a review.QuarterlyJournal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology,1991,24(2):169-182.
[18]Shapiro M H,Melvin J D,Tombrello T A,et al.Correlatedradon and CO2 variations near the San-Andreas fault.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1982,9(5):503-506.
[19]Toutain J P,Baubron J C,Le Bronec J,et al.Continuousmonitoring of distal gas emanations at Vulcano,southernItaly.Bull Volcanol.,1992,54(2):147-155.
[20]Walia V,Su T C,Fu C C,et al.Spatial variations of radon andhelium concentrations in soil-gas across the Shan-Chiao fault,Northern Taiwan.Radiation Measurements,2005,40(2-6):513-516.
[21]陈立春,王虎,冉勇康等.玉树MS7.1级地震地表破裂与历史大地震.科学通报,2010,55(13):1200-1205.Chen L C,Wang H,Ran Y K,et al.The MS7.1Yushuearthquake surface ruptures and historical earthquakes.Chinese Sci.Bull.(in Chinese),2010,55(13):1200-1205.
[22]陈正位,杨攀新,李智敏等.玉树MS7.1级地震断裂特征与地震地表破裂带.第四纪研究,2010,30(3):625-629.Chen Z W,Yang P X,Li Z M,et al.Characteristics of MS7.1Yushu earthquake fault and the surface rupture.Quatern.Sci.(in Chinese),2010,30(3):625-629.
[23]蒋长胜,吴忠良.2010年玉树MS7.1地震前的中长期加速矩释放(AMR)问题.地球物理学报,2011,54(6):1501-1510.Jiang C S,Wu Z L.Intermediate-term medium-rangeAccelerating Moment Release(AMR)priori to the 2010Yushu M 7.1earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(6):1501-1510.
[24]徐彦,张俊伟,苏有锦.反投影全球子台网P波记录研究2010年4月14日玉树地震破裂过程.地球物理学报,2011,54(5)1243-1250.Xu Y,Zhang J W,Su Y J.Imaging the rupture of 14April,2010 Yushu earthquake using back-projection of globalsubarray P-waves.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(5):1243-1250.
[25]张桂芳,屈春燕,单新建等.2010年青海玉树MS7.1级地震地表破裂带和形变特征分析.地球物理学报,2011,54(1):121-127.Zhang G F,Qu C Y,Shan X J,et al.The surface rupture andcoseismic deformation characteristics of the MS 7.1earthquake at Qinghai Yushu in 2010.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2011,54(1):121-127.
[26]常利军,丁志峰,王椿镛.2010年玉树7.1级地震震源区横波分裂的变化特征.地球物理学报,2010,53(11):2613-2619.Chang L J,Ding Z F,Wang C Y.Variations of shear wavesplitting in the 2010 Yushu MS 7.1earthquake region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(11):2613-2619.
[27]王海云.2010年4月14日玉树MS7.1地震加速度场预测.地球物理学报,2010,53(10):2345-2354.Wang H Y.Prediction of acceleration field of the 14April2010Yushu earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,3(10):2345-2354.
[28]许力生,邸海滨,冯万鹏等.2010年青海玉树MS7.1地震近断层地面运动估计.地球物理学报,2010,53(6):1366-137.Xu L S,Di H B,Feng W P,et al.Estimation of the fault—near ground motion of the 2010 Yushu,Qinghai,MS7.1earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(6):1366-1373.
[29]刁桂苓,王晓山,高国英等.以震源机制类型划分汶川、玉树地震构造块体归属.地球物理学报,2010,53(8):1 778-1783.Diao G L,Wang X S,Gao G Y,et al.Tectonic blockattribution of Wenchuan and Yushu earthquakes distinguishedby focal mechanism type.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(8):1778-1 783.
[30]孙鑫喆,徐锡伟,陈立春等.2010年玉树地震地表破裂带典型破裂样式及其构造意义.地球物理学报,2012,55(1):155-170.Sun X Z,Xu X W,Chen L C,et al.Surface rupture features ofthe 2010 Yushu earthquake and its tectonic implication.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(1):155-170.
[31]刘巧霞,杨卓欣,莘海亮等.玉树MS7.1级地震部分余震重新定位及发震构造分析.地球物理学报,2012,55(1):146-154.Liu Q X,Yang Z X,Xin H L,et al.Relocation of Yushu MS7.1earthquake aftershocks and discussion on seismogenicstructure.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(1):146-154.
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