三维地震解释技术及其在苏北盆地溱潼凹陷的应用
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摘要
反射地震剖面是进行精准油气勘探的手段之一,对勘探目标的精确定位,要求不断提高和发展三维地震资料解释技术.本文以苏北盆地溱潼凹陷的地震解释为例,验证了切片、方差体检测、正演模型、三维可视化及平衡剖面等地震解释技术组合的效果.解释成果刻画出溱潼凹陷古近系是由上、下两个构造层序叠合的、复式层序地层格架,由北向南可划分出北部缓斜坡带、中央深洼带、南部断坡带等沉积古地理单元,为有利油气聚集相带的预测奠定了坚实的基础.
Reflection seismic profile is one of the most accurate methods of oil and gas exploration.Precise positioning of the exploration targets requires improving and developing 3D seismic data interpretation technology.As an example,some technologies,such as slicing,the variance body detection,forward modeling,3D visualization and balanced section are used to interpret 3D seismic profiles in Qintong depression in Subei Basin.Results of interpretation show that the Paleogene stratigraphic framework of Qintong depression is a superimposed and duplex sequence made up of the upper and lower tectonic sequences.From north to south,the depression can be divided into northern slow slope belt,the central deep depression belt and the south ramp belt as sedimentary palaeogeographic unit.This research laid a solid foundation for forecasting favorable oil and gas accumulation phase.
Reflection seismic profile is one of the most accurate methods of oil and gas exploration.Precise positioning of the exploration targets requires improving and developing 3D seismic data interpretation technology.As an example,some technologies,such as slicing,the variance body detection,forward modeling,3D visualization and balanced section are used to interpret 3D seismic profiles in Qintong depression in Subei Basin.Results of interpretation show that the Paleogene stratigraphic framework of Qintong depression is a superimposed and duplex sequence made up of the upper and lower tectonic sequences.From north to south,the depression can be divided into northern slow slope belt,the central deep depression belt and the south ramp belt as sedimentary palaeogeographic unit.This research laid a solid foundation for forecasting favorable oil and gas accumulation phase.
引文
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[13]陆黄生,秦黎明,刘军,等.苏北盆地溱潼凹陷油气运聚模式[J].地质论评,2009,55(3):395-405.Lu H S,Qin L M,Liu J,et al.Petroleum migration andaccumulation in Qintong Sag,North Jiangsu Basin[J].Geological Review(in Chinese),2009,55(3):395-405.
[14]Wyllie M R J,Gregory A R and Gardner L W.Elastic wavevelocities in heterogeneous and porous media[J].Geophysics,1956,21(1):41-70.
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[16]Zeng Hongliu,Backus MM,Barraw K T and Tyler Noel.Stratal slicing,slicing,PartI:Realistic 3Dseismic model[J].Geophyscis,1998,63(2):502-513.
[17]Zeng Hongliu and Bureau of Economic Geology.Stratal slicing:benefits and challenges[J].The Leading Edge,2010(29):1040-1047.
[18]雷明,王建功,刘彩艳,等.地震切片技术在安达工区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(3):418-422.Lei M,Wang J G,Liu C Y,et al.Application of slicingtechnology in Anda area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,(in Chinese),2010,45(3):418-422.
[19]陈凤云.方差体技术在地震勘探中的应用[J].中国煤田地质,2005,17(2):51-52.Chen FY.Application of variance cube technique in seismicprospection[J].Coal Geology of China(in Chinese),2005,17(2):51-52.
[20]赵牧华,杨文强,崔辉霞.用方差体技术识别小断层及裂隙发育带[J].物探化探计算技术,2006,28(3):216-218.Zhao M H,Yang W Q and Cui H X.Application of variancecube technology to the interpretation of small faults andfractured zones[J].Computing Techniques For GeophysicalAnd Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2006,28(3):216-218.
[21]Kosloff D and Baysal E.Forward modeling by a Fourier method[J].Geophyscis,1982,47(10):1402-1412.
[22]Carcione J M and Herman G C.Seismic modeling[J].Geophysics,2002,67(4):1304-1325.
[23]周晓吉.霍尔果斯构造地震解释中模型正演技术[J].新疆石油地质,1995,16(1):24-27.Zhou X J.Application of forward modeling technique in theinterpretation of Huoerguosi structure[J].Xijiang PetroleumGeology(in Chinese),1995,16(1):24-27.
[24]刘军迎,雍学善,高建虎.模型正演技术在碳酸盐岩油气藏地震资料解释中的应用[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(1):109-112.Liu J Y,Yong X S,Gao J H.The application of forwardmodeling for interpretation of seismic data of carbonatitereservoir[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2007,19(1):109-112.
[25]张剑秋,张福炎.地震层位信息三维可视化[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(1):119-124.Zhang J Q,Zhan F Y.3Dvisualization of seismic horizoninformation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1998,33(1):119-124.
[26]苗青,潘懋,高洪亮,等.用三维可视化解释技术解释潜山复杂断裂构造[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29(3):364-366.Miao Q,Pan M,Gao H L,et al.Using 3Dvisualizationtechnology to interpret complicated fault structures in buriedhill[J].Xijiang Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),2008,29(3):364-366.
[27]Dahlstrom C D A.Balanced cross sections[J].Canadian Journalof EarthScience,1969,6(4):743-757.
[28]Suppe J.Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding[J].AmericanJournal of Science,1983,283(7):684-721.
[29]刘光炎,蒋录全.平衡剖面技术与地震资料解释[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(6):833-844.Liu G Y,Jiang L Q.Balanced section technique and seismicdata interpretation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,(inChinese),1995,30(6):833-844.
[30]张进铎.平衡剖面技术在国内外油气勘探中的最新应用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(6):1856-1861.Z J D.The most new applications of balanced cross-sectionstechnique in oil and gas exploration in China and overseas[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(6):1856-1861.
[2]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1994,1-196.Li Q Z.The way to precise exploration[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press.1994,1-196.
[3]杨勤勇.全三维地震解释[J].地球物理学进展,1999,14(3):128-137.Yang Q Y.Full 3Dseismic interpretation[J].Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),1999,14(3):128-137.
[4]张进铎.地震解释技术现状及发展趋势[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):578-587.Zhang J D.Present status and future trend of seismic datainterpretation techniques[J].Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2006,21(2):578-587.
[5]韩国庆,穆龙新,郭凯,等.复杂断块砂砾岩油藏地震解释[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):110-118.Han G Q,Mu L X,Guo K,et al.Seismic interpretation ofthe glutenite reservoir in complicated block area[J].Progressin Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1):110-118.
[6]钱基.苏北盆地油气田的形成与分布特征[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2000,24(4):21-25.Qian J.Fomation and distribution of oil and gas fields in Subeibasin[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(inChinese),2000,24(4):21-25.
[7]钱基.苏北盆地油气田形成与分布———与渤海湾盆地比较研究[J].石油学报,2001,22(3):12-16.Qian J.Oil and gas filelds formation and distribution of Subeibasin-research compared to Bohai Bay basin[J].Acta PetroleiSinica(in Chinese),2001,22(3):12-16.
[8]杜惠平,宋国良,谭胜章.苏北盆地金湖凹陷内压扭性构造的地震反射[J].地球学报,2008,29(5):571-576.Du H P,Song G L,Tan S Z.Compression-shear structures inthe Jinhu sag,Subei basin:Evidence from 3D seismicreflection profile[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica(in Chinese),2008,29(5):571-576.
[9]谈彩萍,杨琦.苏中溱潼凹陷浅层天然气成藏条件及勘探前景[J].江苏地质,1998,22(2):118-122.Tan C P,Yang Q.Forming and storing conditions of shallowgas and prospecting future in Qintong downwarping of centralJiangsu[J].JiangSu Geology(in Chinese),1998,22(2):118-122.
[10]施泽进,张渝昌,施央申,等.苏北溱潼凹陷形成演化的运动学模拟[J].石油实验地质,1994,16(4):325-333.Shi Z J,Zhang Y C,Shi Y S,et al.Kinetic modeling on theformation and evolution of the Qintong depression in northernJiangsu[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),1994,16(4):325-333.
[11]王英国,胡瑛,张枝焕,等.溱潼凹陷第三系流体包裹体特征及地质意义[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(2);18-22.Wang Yingguo,Hu Ying,Zhang Zhihuan,et al.Characteristics of fluid inclusion and its geological significanceof the tertiary reservoirs in Qintong sag[J].Journal ofSouthwest Petroleum University(Science&TechnologyEdition)(in Chinese),2009,31(2);18-22.
[12]陆黄生,秦黎明,刘军,等.苏北盆地溱潼凹陷断阶带油气运移路径综合分析[J].中国地质,2008,35(1):67-78.Lu H S,Qin L M,Liu J,et al.Quantitative evaluation ofthe sealing capacity and identification of the preferredpetroleum migration path in the Qintong sag,Subei basin[J].Geology in China(in Chinese),2008,35(1):67-78.
[13]陆黄生,秦黎明,刘军,等.苏北盆地溱潼凹陷油气运聚模式[J].地质论评,2009,55(3):395-405.Lu H S,Qin L M,Liu J,et al.Petroleum migration andaccumulation in Qintong Sag,North Jiangsu Basin[J].Geological Review(in Chinese),2009,55(3):395-405.
[14]Wyllie M R J,Gregory A R and Gardner L W.Elastic wavevelocities in heterogeneous and porous media[J].Geophysics,1956,21(1):41-70.
[15]Wyllie M R J Gregory A R and Gardner L W.An experimentalinvestigation of factors affecting elastic wave velocities inporous media[J].1958,23(3):459-493.
[16]Zeng Hongliu,Backus MM,Barraw K T and Tyler Noel.Stratal slicing,slicing,PartI:Realistic 3Dseismic model[J].Geophyscis,1998,63(2):502-513.
[17]Zeng Hongliu and Bureau of Economic Geology.Stratal slicing:benefits and challenges[J].The Leading Edge,2010(29):1040-1047.
[18]雷明,王建功,刘彩艳,等.地震切片技术在安达工区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(3):418-422.Lei M,Wang J G,Liu C Y,et al.Application of slicingtechnology in Anda area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,(in Chinese),2010,45(3):418-422.
[19]陈凤云.方差体技术在地震勘探中的应用[J].中国煤田地质,2005,17(2):51-52.Chen FY.Application of variance cube technique in seismicprospection[J].Coal Geology of China(in Chinese),2005,17(2):51-52.
[20]赵牧华,杨文强,崔辉霞.用方差体技术识别小断层及裂隙发育带[J].物探化探计算技术,2006,28(3):216-218.Zhao M H,Yang W Q and Cui H X.Application of variancecube technology to the interpretation of small faults andfractured zones[J].Computing Techniques For GeophysicalAnd Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2006,28(3):216-218.
[21]Kosloff D and Baysal E.Forward modeling by a Fourier method[J].Geophyscis,1982,47(10):1402-1412.
[22]Carcione J M and Herman G C.Seismic modeling[J].Geophysics,2002,67(4):1304-1325.
[23]周晓吉.霍尔果斯构造地震解释中模型正演技术[J].新疆石油地质,1995,16(1):24-27.Zhou X J.Application of forward modeling technique in theinterpretation of Huoerguosi structure[J].Xijiang PetroleumGeology(in Chinese),1995,16(1):24-27.
[24]刘军迎,雍学善,高建虎.模型正演技术在碳酸盐岩油气藏地震资料解释中的应用[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(1):109-112.Liu J Y,Yong X S,Gao J H.The application of forwardmodeling for interpretation of seismic data of carbonatitereservoir[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2007,19(1):109-112.
[25]张剑秋,张福炎.地震层位信息三维可视化[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(1):119-124.Zhang J Q,Zhan F Y.3Dvisualization of seismic horizoninformation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1998,33(1):119-124.
[26]苗青,潘懋,高洪亮,等.用三维可视化解释技术解释潜山复杂断裂构造[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29(3):364-366.Miao Q,Pan M,Gao H L,et al.Using 3Dvisualizationtechnology to interpret complicated fault structures in buriedhill[J].Xijiang Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),2008,29(3):364-366.
[27]Dahlstrom C D A.Balanced cross sections[J].Canadian Journalof EarthScience,1969,6(4):743-757.
[28]Suppe J.Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding[J].AmericanJournal of Science,1983,283(7):684-721.
[29]刘光炎,蒋录全.平衡剖面技术与地震资料解释[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(6):833-844.Liu G Y,Jiang L Q.Balanced section technique and seismicdata interpretation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,(inChinese),1995,30(6):833-844.
[30]张进铎.平衡剖面技术在国内外油气勘探中的最新应用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(6):1856-1861.Z J D.The most new applications of balanced cross-sectionstechnique in oil and gas exploration in China and overseas[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(6):1856-1861.
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