玉树Ms7.1级地震甘达村段构造地球化学特征
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摘要
为探究地震对断层带气体逸出的影响和震后气体地球化学特征随时间的变化,以及地震动力学特征,利用土壤气地球化学方法,于2010年4月14日青海玉树Ms7.1级地震断层甘达村段测量地表破裂特征和震后断层气氡和汞浓度,发现断层带土壤的气氡和汞浓度的平均值分别为9246 Bq/m3和4.2 ng/m3。破裂带中Rn浓度变化幅度大,而Hg的浓度变化较小。断层主滑面附近Rn浓度相对降低,为地表破裂后断层气逃逸所致。泉水气氡观测发现,震前氡浓度增高,表明地震断层活动性增强。因此巴颜喀拉地块向东不均匀挤压,使深部气体沿地震断裂逃逸至地表,这也是造成断层带气氡、汞浓度的增高的原因。
To understand the earthquake fault geodynamic characteristics and the relationship between seismic activity and fault gas,soil gas geochemistry methods were used to investigate the surface rupture and the concentrations of Rn and Hg in the fault zone,which is a co-seismic fault of Yushu Ms 7.1 earthquake,April 14th,2010,nearby the Ganda village,Yushu.The average concentrations of Rn and Hg in soils collected nearby the Ganda village fault zone were 9246 Bq/m3 and 4.2 ng/m3,respectively.Soil gas escaping after the surface rupture generated a low concentration of Rn around the major slip plane of the fault.The concentration increasing of Rn in spring before Yushu earthquake indicated increasing of fault activities.The heterogeneously extruding of Bayankela plate from west caused the left-lateral slip of the Ganzi-Yushu fault.The deep gas escaped to the surface during earthquake rupture resulted in concentration increasing of Ra and Hg in the fault zone.
To understand the earthquake fault geodynamic characteristics and the relationship between seismic activity and fault gas,soil gas geochemistry methods were used to investigate the surface rupture and the concentrations of Rn and Hg in the fault zone,which is a co-seismic fault of Yushu Ms 7.1 earthquake,April 14th,2010,nearby the Ganda village,Yushu.The average concentrations of Rn and Hg in soils collected nearby the Ganda village fault zone were 9246 Bq/m3 and 4.2 ng/m3,respectively.Soil gas escaping after the surface rupture generated a low concentration of Rn around the major slip plane of the fault.The concentration increasing of Rn in spring before Yushu earthquake indicated increasing of fault activities.The heterogeneously extruding of Bayankela plate from west caused the left-lateral slip of the Ganzi-Yushu fault.The deep gas escaped to the surface during earthquake rupture resulted in concentration increasing of Ra and Hg in the fault zone.
引文
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[19]陈立春,王虎,冉勇康,孙鑫喆,苏桂武,王继,谭锡斌,李智敏,张晓清.玉树Ms7.1级地震地表破裂与历史大地震[J].科学通报,2010,55(13):1200—1205.Chen Lichun,Wang Hu,Ran Yongkang,Sun Xinzhe,SuGuiwu,Wang Ji,Tan Xibin,Li Zhimin,Zhang Xiaoqing.The Ms7.1 Yushu earthquake surface ruptures and historicalearthquakes[J].Chinese Sci.Bull.,2010,55(13):1200—1205(in Chinese).
[20]Fu B,Awata Y,Du J,He W.Surface deformations associat-ed with the 2001 Mw-7.8 Kunlun earthquake,northern Ti-bet:Geomorphic growth features along a major strike-slipfault[J].Engine.Geol.,2004,75:325—339.
[21]Chyi L L,Quick T J,Yang T F,Chen C H.Soil Gas RadonSpectra and Earthquakes[J].Terr.Atoms.Ocean Sci.,2005,16(4):763—774.
[22]谷懿,葛良全,王广西,姜海静,曾兵,张震.汶川地震震后大成都地区断裂带活动性氡气测量分析评价[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(3):296-300.Gu Yi,Ge Liangquan,Wang Guangxi,Jiang Haijing,ZengBing,Zhang Zhen.Analysis and evaluation of faults activitiesin Chengdu region with radon concentration measurements af-ter Wenchuan Earthquake[J].J.Engine.Geol.,2009,17(3):296—300.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]Vinay M,Choubey B K S.Relation between soil-gas radonvariation and different lithotectonic units,Garhwal Himala-ya,India[J].Appl.Radiat.Isotop.,1999,51:587—592.
[2]Hinkle M.Environmental conditions affecting concentrationsof He,CO2,O2and N2in soil gases[J].Appl.Geochem.,1994,9:53—63.
[3]Baixeras C,Erlandsson B,Font L L.Radon emanation fromsoil samples[J].Radia.Measur.,2001,34:441—443.
[4]Ciotoli G,Lombardi S.Annunziatellis A.Geostatistical analy-sis of soil gas data in a high seismic intermontane basin:FucinoPlain,central Italy[J].J.Geophy.Res.,2007,112:B05407.
[5]Chyi L L,Quick T J,Yang T F,Chen C H.Soil gas radonspectra and earthquakes[J].Terr.Atmos.Oceanic Sci.,2005,16:763—774.
[6]Walia V,Virk H S,Yang T F,Mahajan S,Walia M,BajwaB S.Earthquake prediction studies using radon as a precursorin N-W Himalayas,India:A case study[J].Terr.Atmos.Oceanic Sci.,2005,16:775—804.
[7]Yang T F,Fu C C,Walia V,Chen C H,Chyi LL,Liu T K,Song SR,Lee M,Lin C W,Lin C C.Seismo-geochemical var-iations in SW Taiwan:Multi-parameter automatic gas monito-ring results[J].Pure Appl.Geophys.,2006,163:693—709.
[8]Yang T F,Walia V,Chyi L L,Fu C C,Chen C H,Liu T K,Song S R,Lee C Y,Lee M.Variations of soil radon andthoron concentrations in a fault zone and prospective earth-quakes in SW Taiwan[J].Radiat.Meas.,2005,40:496—502.
[9]Mjachkin V I,Brace W F,Sobolev G A,Dieterich H J.Twomodels for earthquake forerunners[J].Pure and Appl.Geo-phy.,1975,113(1):169—181.
[10]张炜,王吉易,鄄秀满,李宣瑚.水文地球化学预报地震的原理与方法[M].北京:教育科学出版社,1988.Zhang Wei,Wang Jiyi,Zhen Xiuman,Li Xuanhu.Hydro-geochemical principles and methods in earthquake prediction[M].Beijing:Edu.Sci.Press,1988.(in Chinese)
[11]杜建国,宇文欣,李圣强,简春林,朱自强,陈华静,康春丽.八宝山断裂带氡的地球化学特征及其映震效能[J].地震,1998,18(2):155—162.Du Jianguo,Yu Wenxin,Li Shengqiang,Jian Chunlin,ZhuZiqiang,Chen Huajing,Kang Chunli.The geochemical char-acteristics of eccaped radon from the Babaoshan fault zone andits earthquake reflecting effect[J].Earthquake,1998,18(2):155—162.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]曹喜,张占斌,张彩艳.嘉峪关断层气氡对祁连山西段中强地震的异常特征分析[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2008,29(1):50—53.Cao Xi,Zhang Zhanbin,Zhang Caiyan.Analysis on the a-nomalous characteristics of Jiayuguan gas radon to the strongearthquakes in western segment of Qilian Mountain[J].Seis-mological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,2008,29(1):50—53.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]林元武,刘五洲,王基华,车用太.张北-尚义地震现场CO2测量与震后趋势判断[J].地震地质,1998,20(2):117—121.Lin Yuanwu,Liu Wuzhou,Wang Jihua,Che Yongtai.Ob-servation of CO2in the field of Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquakeand prediction of seismic trend after main shock[J].Seismol-ogy and Geology,1998,20(2):117—121.(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
[14]张秀萍,王曰风,马利军,张彦青,王锐峰,任佳.怀来地震台CO2异常变化特征与地震关系分析[J].华北地震科学,2007,25(2):20—23.Zhang Xiuping,Wang Yuefeng,Ma Lijün,Zhang Yanqing,Wang Ruifeng,Ren Jia.Characteristics of the CO2anomalyin Huailai seismostation and its relation with earthquakes[J].North China Earthq.Sci.,2007,25(2):20—23.(in Chinesewith English abstract)
[15]闻学泽,徐锡伟,郑荣章,谢英情,万创.甘孜-玉树断裂的平均滑动速率与近代大地震破裂[J].中国科学(D),2003,33(增刊):199—208.Wen Xueze,Xu Xiwei,Zheng Rongzhang,Xie Yingqing,Wan Chuang.The relationships of average slip velocity ofGanzi-Yushu fault with recent big earthquake crack[J].Sci-ence in China(Series D),2003,33(Suppl.):199—208.(inChinese)
[16]陈正位,杨攀新,李智敏,李家辑.玉树7.1级地震断裂特征与地震地表破裂带[J].第四纪研究,2010,30(3):625—629.Chen Zhengwei,Yang Panxin,Li Zhimin,Li Jiaji.Charac-teristics of Ms 7.1 Yushu earthquake fault and the surfacerupture[J].Quatern.Sci.,2010,30(3):625—629.(in Chi-nese with English abstract)
[17]周晓成,郭文生,杜建国,王传远,刘雷.呼和浩特地区隐伏断层土壤气氡、汞地球化学特征[J].地震,2007,27(1):70—76.Zhou Xiaocheng,Guo Wensheng,Du Jianguo,Wang Chuan-yuan,Liu Lei.The geochemical characteristics of radon andmercury in the soil gas of buried faults in the Hohhot district[J].Earthquake,2007,27(1):70—76.(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
[18]李营,杜建国,王富宽,周晓成,盘晓东,魏汝庆.延怀盆地土壤气地球化学特征[J].地震学报,2009,31(1):82—91.Li Ying,Du Jianguo,Wang Fukuan,Zhou Xiaocheng,PanXiaodong,Wei Ruqing.Geochemical characteristics of soilgas in Yanqing-Huailai basin,North China[J].Acta Seis-mologica Sinica,2009,31(1):82—91.(in Chinese)
[19]陈立春,王虎,冉勇康,孙鑫喆,苏桂武,王继,谭锡斌,李智敏,张晓清.玉树Ms7.1级地震地表破裂与历史大地震[J].科学通报,2010,55(13):1200—1205.Chen Lichun,Wang Hu,Ran Yongkang,Sun Xinzhe,SuGuiwu,Wang Ji,Tan Xibin,Li Zhimin,Zhang Xiaoqing.The Ms7.1 Yushu earthquake surface ruptures and historicalearthquakes[J].Chinese Sci.Bull.,2010,55(13):1200—1205(in Chinese).
[20]Fu B,Awata Y,Du J,He W.Surface deformations associat-ed with the 2001 Mw-7.8 Kunlun earthquake,northern Ti-bet:Geomorphic growth features along a major strike-slipfault[J].Engine.Geol.,2004,75:325—339.
[21]Chyi L L,Quick T J,Yang T F,Chen C H.Soil Gas RadonSpectra and Earthquakes[J].Terr.Atoms.Ocean Sci.,2005,16(4):763—774.
[22]谷懿,葛良全,王广西,姜海静,曾兵,张震.汶川地震震后大成都地区断裂带活动性氡气测量分析评价[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(3):296-300.Gu Yi,Ge Liangquan,Wang Guangxi,Jiang Haijing,ZengBing,Zhang Zhen.Analysis and evaluation of faults activitiesin Chengdu region with radon concentration measurements af-ter Wenchuan Earthquake[J].J.Engine.Geol.,2009,17(3):296—300.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]Vinay M,Choubey B K S.Relation between soil-gas radonvariation and different lithotectonic units,Garhwal Himala-ya,India[J].Appl.Radiat.Isotop.,1999,51:587—592.
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