青藏高原东部地壳物质流变模型及汶川地震机理探讨
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摘要
利用GPS、大地电磁、P波层析成像等数据分析了青藏高原东部地壳运动情况和中下地壳物质流的分布及运动情况,提出了青藏高原东部地壳物质流变模型,认为在青藏高原东部存在两条巨大的、具有固定通道和边界的弱物质流,其他区域则有离散的、不均匀的弱物质流分布。巴颜喀拉块体内部的弱物质流在向东流至龙门山断裂带时,大部分弱物质沿断裂带向南北方向分流,小部分弱物质在断裂带附近沉积、上涌,造成通道堵塞,最终引发了汶川地震。
The crustal deformation of eastern Tibetan Plateau using GPS is analysed.Then,the distribution and movement of viscous flows in the mid-lower crust of eastern Tibetan is discussed in terms of MT data and seismic tomography.A new viscous flows model is put forward,showing that there are two large-scale crustal flow channels and many unevenly distributed viscous flows in eastern Tibetan Plateau.Most viscous flows in the Bayan Har block may turn to south or north along the Longmen Mountain fault when meeting the fault,while limited viscous flows are depositing and upwelling nearby the Longmen Mountain fault,which has caused channel blockage,eventually triggeing the Wenchuan earthquake.
The crustal deformation of eastern Tibetan Plateau using GPS is analysed.Then,the distribution and movement of viscous flows in the mid-lower crust of eastern Tibetan is discussed in terms of MT data and seismic tomography.A new viscous flows model is put forward,showing that there are two large-scale crustal flow channels and many unevenly distributed viscous flows in eastern Tibetan Plateau.Most viscous flows in the Bayan Har block may turn to south or north along the Longmen Mountain fault when meeting the fault,while limited viscous flows are depositing and upwelling nearby the Longmen Mountain fault,which has caused channel blockage,eventually triggeing the Wenchuan earthquake.
引文
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[15]Bai Denghai,Unsworth M J,Meju M A,et al.Crustal Deformation of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau Revealed by Magnetotelluric Imaging[J].Nature Geoscience,2010,3(5):358-362
[16]He Rizheng,Gao Rui,Zheng Hongwei,et al.Progress in Seismic Tomography[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2010,84(6):840-846(贺日政,高锐,郑洪伟,等.地震波速层析成像方法研究进展[J].地质学报,2010,84(6):840-846)
[17]Wu Jianping,Huang Yuan,Zhang Tianzhong,et al.Aftershock Distribution of the Ms8.0Wenchuan Earthquake and Three Dimensional P-wave Velocity Structure in and Around Source Region[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(2):320-328(吴建平,黄媛,张天中,等.汶川Ms8.0级地震余震分布及周边区域P波三维速度结构研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(2):320-328)
[18]Xu Xiwei,Wen Xueze,Ye Jianqing,et al.The Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake Surface Ruptures and Its Seismogenic Structure[J].Seimology and Geology,2008,30(3):597-629(徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):597-629)
[2]Wu Zhenhan,Ye Peisheng,Hu Daogong,et al.Crustal Deformation and Structural Landform Evolutionary Process Interior Tibetan Plateau[M].Beijing:Geology Publishing House,2003:1-26(吴珍汉,叶培盛,胡道功,等.青藏高原腹地的地壳变形与构造地貌形成演化过程[M].北京:地质出版社,2003:1-26)
[3]Xu Caijun.Crustal Deformation and Tectonic Stress Field of Tibetan Plateau[M].Beijing:Surveying and Mapping Publishing House,2001:7-11(许才军.青藏高原地壳运动模型与构造应力场[M].北京:测绘出版社,2001:7-11)
[4]Tapponnier P,Xu Zhiqin,Roger F,et al.Oblique Stepwise Rise and Growth of the Tibet Plateau[J].Science,2001,294:1 671-1 677
[5]Zhang Peizhen,Shen Zhengkang,Wang Min,et al.Continuous Deformation of the Tibetan Plateau from Global Positioning System Data[J].Geology,2004,32(9):809-812
[6]Clark M K,Royden L H.Topographic Ooze:Building the Eastern Margin of Tibet by Lower Crustal Flow[J].Geology,2000,28(8):703-706
[7]Beaumont C,Jamieson R A,Nguyen M H,et al.Himalayan Tectonics Explained by Extrusion of a Low-viscosity Crustal Channel Coupled to Focused Surface Denudation[J].Nature,2001,414(13):738-742
[8]Xu Xiwei,Wen Xueze,Ye Jianqing,et al.The Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake Surface Ruptures and Its Seismogenic Structure[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):597-629(徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.汶川Ms8.0级地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):597-629)
[9]Zhang Peizhen,Wen Xueze,Xu Xiwei,et al.Tectonic Model of the Great Wenchuan Earthquake of May 12,2008,Sichuan,China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2009,54(7):944-953(张培震,闻学泽,徐锡伟,等.2008年汶川8.0级特大地震孕育和发生的多元组合模式[J].科学通报,2009,54(7):944-953)
[10]Teng Jiwen,Bai Denghai,Yang Hui,et al.Deep Processes and Dynamic Responses Associated with the Wenchuan Ms8.0Earthquake of 2008[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(5):1 385-1 402(滕吉文,白登海,杨辉,等.2008汶川Ms8.0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1 385-1 402)
[11]Zhang Peizhen,Xu Xiwei,Wen Xueze,et al.Slip Rates and Recurrence Intervals of the Longmen Shan Active Fault Zone and Tectonic Implications for the Mechanism of the May 12 Wenchuan Earthquake,2008,Sichuan,China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(4):1 066-1 073(张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等.2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1 066-1 073)
[12]Qi Wang,Zhang Peizhen,Freymueller J T.Presentday Crustal Deformation in China Constrained by Global Positioning System Measurements[J].Science,2001,294(5 542):574-577
[13]King R W,Shen F,Burchfiel B C,et al.Geodetic Measurement of Crustal Motion in Southeast China[J].Geology,1997,25(3):179-182
[14]Bai Denghai,Teng Jiwen,Ma Xiaobing,et al.Crustal Flow Beneath Eastern Tibetan Plateau Revealed by Magnetotelluric Measurements[J].China Basic Science,2011,13(1):7-10(白登海,滕吉文,马晓冰,等.大地电磁观测揭示青藏高原东部存在两条地壳物质流[J].中国基础科学,2011,13(1):7-10)
[15]Bai Denghai,Unsworth M J,Meju M A,et al.Crustal Deformation of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau Revealed by Magnetotelluric Imaging[J].Nature Geoscience,2010,3(5):358-362
[16]He Rizheng,Gao Rui,Zheng Hongwei,et al.Progress in Seismic Tomography[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2010,84(6):840-846(贺日政,高锐,郑洪伟,等.地震波速层析成像方法研究进展[J].地质学报,2010,84(6):840-846)
[17]Wu Jianping,Huang Yuan,Zhang Tianzhong,et al.Aftershock Distribution of the Ms8.0Wenchuan Earthquake and Three Dimensional P-wave Velocity Structure in and Around Source Region[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(2):320-328(吴建平,黄媛,张天中,等.汶川Ms8.0级地震余震分布及周边区域P波三维速度结构研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(2):320-328)
[18]Xu Xiwei,Wen Xueze,Ye Jianqing,et al.The Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake Surface Ruptures and Its Seismogenic Structure[J].Seimology and Geology,2008,30(3):597-629(徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):597-629)
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