芦山地震触发崩塌滑坡的优势方向与机理
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摘要
利用芦山地震强震记录、水系图和1 754个地震触发崩塌滑坡数据,对芦山地震触发崩塌滑坡的优势方向的控制因素进行了研究.对比分析了崩塌滑坡数的优势方向与研究区自然坡体的优势坡向;基于对抗性原理,确定了芦山震区新构造应力场方向;对崩塌滑坡确定性系数分区进行了分析.认为自然坡体的优势方向是决定崩塌滑坡方向的首要因素,但应考虑不对称地形造成的坡向分异现象;新构造应力场是崩塌滑坡方向的全局性影响因素,地震台站的最大累计加速度方向是其代表区域内崩塌滑坡方向的影响因素.对于盲断层型地震,上述三因素对地震触发崩塌滑坡方向的控制效应可能是具有普适性意义的规律.
Based on Lushan earthquake records,drainage systems and 1 754 earthquake-induced landslides,control factors of the directions of landslides triggered by earthquake were researched. The dominant direction of landslide number and the dominant aspect of natural slopes were compared; the direction of new tectonic stress field in the Lushan seismic area was determined from the antagonism principle; the certainty factor for landslide in each sub-area was determined by GIS spatial analyses.The research shows that the predominant direction of natural slopes is a control factor of the directions of landslides triggered by an earthquake,but the asymmetry of mountain slope landform should be considered; the direction of new tectonic stress field is a global factor of the directions of landslides;the direction of the maximum cumulative acceleration at a seismic station also control the sensitivity directions of landslides in the station area; to an earthquake resulted from a blind fault,it may be a universal law that the above three factors control the direction of earthquake-triggered landslides.
Based on Lushan earthquake records,drainage systems and 1 754 earthquake-induced landslides,control factors of the directions of landslides triggered by earthquake were researched. The dominant direction of landslide number and the dominant aspect of natural slopes were compared; the direction of new tectonic stress field in the Lushan seismic area was determined from the antagonism principle; the certainty factor for landslide in each sub-area was determined by GIS spatial analyses.The research shows that the predominant direction of natural slopes is a control factor of the directions of landslides triggered by an earthquake,but the asymmetry of mountain slope landform should be considered; the direction of new tectonic stress field is a global factor of the directions of landslides;the direction of the maximum cumulative acceleration at a seismic station also control the sensitivity directions of landslides in the station area; to an earthquake resulted from a blind fault,it may be a universal law that the above three factors control the direction of earthquake-triggered landslides.
引文
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[14]王秀英,聂高众,王登伟.利用强震记录分析汶川地震诱发滑坡[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(11):2369-2376.WANG Xiuying,NIE Gaozhong,WANG Dengwei.Analysis of landslides induced by Wenchuan earthquake by ground motion records[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(11):2369-2376.
[15]王秀英,聂高众,张玲.汶川地震触发崩滑与Arias强度关系研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2010,18(4):645-656.WANG Xiuying,NIE Gaozhong,ZHANG Ling.Relationship between landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake and Arias intensity[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2010,18(4):645-656.
[16]SHORTLIFFE E H,BUCHANAN B G.A model of inexact reasoning in medicine[J].Mathematical Biosciences,1975,23(3/4):351-379.
[17]HECKERMAN D.Probabilistic interpretation for MYCIN's certainty facters[C]∥Proceedings of the First Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence.Los Angeles:Chemical Abstracts Service,1985:167-196.
[2]KAMP U,GROWLEY B J,KHATTAK G A,et al.GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping for the 2005Kashmir earthquake region[J].Geomorphology,2008,101(4):631-642.
[3]黄润秋,唐川,李勇,等.汶川地震地质灾害研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:268-278.
[4]许冲,戴福初,姚鑫,等.基于GIS的汶川地震滑坡灾害影响因子确定性系数分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增刊1):2972-2981.XU Chong,DAI Fuchu,YAO Xin,et al.GIS based certainty factor analysis of landslide triggering factors in Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Sup.1):2972-2981.
[5]许冲,徐锡伟,吴熙彦,等.2008年汶川地震滑坡详细编目及其空间分布规律分析[J].工程地质学报,2013,21(1):25-44.XU Chong,XU Xiwei,WU Xiyan,et al.Detailed catalog of landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and statistical analyses of their spatial distribution[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2013,21(1):25-44.
[6]许冲,戴福初,肖建章.“5·12”汶川地震诱发滑坡特征参数统计分析[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(4):147-153.XU Chong,DAI Fuchu,XIAO Jianzhang.Statistical analysis of the characteristic parameters of landslides triggered by the May 12,2008 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2011,20(4):147-153.
[7]许强,李为乐.汶川地震诱发滑坡方向效应研究[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2010,24(增刊1):7-14.XU Qiang,LI Weile.Study on the direction effects of landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2010,24(Sup.1):7-14.
[8]XU Xiwei,WEN Xuze,HAN Zhujun,et al.Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake:a blind reserve-fault event[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,58(28/29):3437-3443.
[9]SCHEIDEGGER A E.The principle of antagonism in the earth's evolution[J].Tectonophysics,1979,55(3/4):7-10.
[10]艾南山,唐少卿.地表形态发育的对抗性原理[J].兰州大学学报:社会科学版,1983(2):122-130.AI Nanshan,TANG Shaoqing.The principle of antagonism in the surface morphology development[J].Journal of Lanzhou University:Social Sciences,1983(2):122-130.
[11]SCHEIDEGGER A E,AI Nanshan.The relationship between neotectonic stress field and catastrophic landslides[C]∥27th International Geological Congress.Moscow:Brill Academic Publishers,1984:180-189.
[12]何铭勋.构造地质学中的赤平极射投影[M].北京:地质出版社,1979:130-131.
[13]毛彦龙,胡广韬,赵法锁,等.地震动触发滑坡体滑动的机理[J].西安工程学院学报,1998,20(4):47-50,54.MAO Yanlong,HU Guangtao,ZHAO Fasuo,et al.Mechanics of the landslide sliding caused by seismic[J].Journal of Xi'an Engineering University,1998,20(4):45-48,54.
[14]王秀英,聂高众,王登伟.利用强震记录分析汶川地震诱发滑坡[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(11):2369-2376.WANG Xiuying,NIE Gaozhong,WANG Dengwei.Analysis of landslides induced by Wenchuan earthquake by ground motion records[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(11):2369-2376.
[15]王秀英,聂高众,张玲.汶川地震触发崩滑与Arias强度关系研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2010,18(4):645-656.WANG Xiuying,NIE Gaozhong,ZHANG Ling.Relationship between landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake and Arias intensity[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2010,18(4):645-656.
[16]SHORTLIFFE E H,BUCHANAN B G.A model of inexact reasoning in medicine[J].Mathematical Biosciences,1975,23(3/4):351-379.
[17]HECKERMAN D.Probabilistic interpretation for MYCIN's certainty facters[C]∥Proceedings of the First Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence.Los Angeles:Chemical Abstracts Service,1985:167-196.
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