晋江外海沉积层上地壳速度结构的二维层析成像
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摘要
福建省地震局2013年在晋江外海成功实施了一条人工地震探测剖面(HX9,台湾海峡西部地壳深部结构探测计划的第一条测线).为反演沿测线的沉积层上地壳二维速度结构,我们收集了海底地震仪和陆地地震仪记录的4817个初至波走时数据,运用最大速度梯度射线追踪方法和联合迭代重建技术,建立了较为可靠、精细的二维P波波速模型.反演结果显示测线表层速度有很大的横向变化,据此推测晋江沿海5 km以内为岩浆岩出露,5 km外为沉积岩覆盖;基底面总体向东南方向倾斜,中西段埋深约为1600 m,在桩号60 km附近急剧下降;在测线上滨海断裂带表现为倾向东南的张性正断层,位于晋江市东南约50 km处,是闽浙沿海变质带和厦澎断陷的边界断裂.
A seismic survey(HX9,the first profile of West Taiwan Strait Seismic Experiment) was carried out in 2013 off the coast of Jinjiang under the direction of Earthquake Administration of Fujian Province,CEA.To construct a 2D high resolution seismic tomography model for the sediment and upper crust in this seismic profile,we picked 4817 first-arrival times in the data recorded by ocean bottom seismometers and portable seismographs.In this paper the first break travel paths were traced using gradient search method and the inverse problem was solved based on Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Techniques(SIRT).The inversion result revealed that the near-surface velocity vary from over 4000 m/s at the west end of the section to 1800 m/s in the eastern section.So we indicate that below the sea bottom lava outcropped from west of stake 5 km,solid sedimentary rocks exposed in the middle section while a sequence of unconsolidated sediments existing in other areas.The burial depth of basement are about 1600 m in the western section and over 2000 m from east of stake 60 km.The Coastal Fault Zone on this inversion section show up as a southeast-dipping extensional normal-fault system and its direction is about 50 km southeast of Jinjiang.
A seismic survey(HX9,the first profile of West Taiwan Strait Seismic Experiment) was carried out in 2013 off the coast of Jinjiang under the direction of Earthquake Administration of Fujian Province,CEA.To construct a 2D high resolution seismic tomography model for the sediment and upper crust in this seismic profile,we picked 4817 first-arrival times in the data recorded by ocean bottom seismometers and portable seismographs.In this paper the first break travel paths were traced using gradient search method and the inverse problem was solved based on Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Techniques(SIRT).The inversion result revealed that the near-surface velocity vary from over 4000 m/s at the west end of the section to 1800 m/s in the eastern section.So we indicate that below the sea bottom lava outcropped from west of stake 5 km,solid sedimentary rocks exposed in the middle section while a sequence of unconsolidated sediments existing in other areas.The burial depth of basement are about 1600 m in the western section and over 2000 m from east of stake 60 km.The Coastal Fault Zone on this inversion section show up as a southeast-dipping extensional normal-fault system and its direction is about 50 km southeast of Jinjiang.
引文
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Cao L M,Lai X L.2012.2D velocity images of upper crust in Tianshui area.Gansu Province[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),55(10):3318-3326.doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.10.014.
Cheng J W,Gu H M,Liu C C,et al.2013.Full waveform inversion for velocity structure from reflected wave seismic data in the frequency domain[J].Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences)(in Chinese),38(2):391-397.
Duan Y H,Zhang X K,Fang S M.2002.Three-dimensional finitedifference tomography of velocity structure of the upper crustal in North China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),45(3):362-369.
Han X L,Yang C C,Ma S H,et al.2008.Static of tomographic inversion by first breaks in complex areas[J],Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),23(2):475-483.
Huang Z,Wang S X.2006.Tectonic features and activity of Binhai fault zone in Taiwan Strait[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),26(3):16-22.
Kissling E,Husen S,Haslinger F.2001.Model parametrization in seismic tomography:a choice of consequence for the solution quality[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,123(2-4):89-101.
Lai X L,Zhang X K,Yang Y C,et al.1995.3-D tomographic determination of uppermost crust using pg diving wave[J].North China Earthquake Sciences(in Chinese),14(3):10-19.
Liu S D,Li C H.2000.Algorithm and comparison of seismic travel time computerized tomography technique[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology(in Chinese),29(2):211-214.
Liu Y K,Chang X,Wang H,et al.2001.Estimation of nearsurface velocity and seismic tomographic static corrections[J].Chinese J.Geophysics(in Chinese),44(2):272-278.
Liu Y Z,Ding K Y,Dong L G.2010.The Dependence of first arrival travel time tomography on initial model[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),45(4);502-511.
Liu Z H,Wang Y M,Wang H R.2006.Characteristics and evolutions of geologic structures in the Taiwan Strait basin[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology(in Chinese),26(5):69-75.
Liu Z K,Wu Y G,Liu Y J,et al.1995.Near-surface static correction method using first-arrival traveltimes velocity tomography[J].Chinese J.Geophysics(in Chinese),38(S1):153-159.
Moser T J,Nolet G,Snieder R.1992.Ray bending revisited[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,82(1):259-288.
Prolhero W A,Taylor W J,Eickemeyer J A.1988.A fast,twopoint,three-dimensional raytracing algorithm using a simple step search method[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,78(3):1190-1198.
Su G S,Huang L L,Zhao M Q.2007.Pseudo 3-D tomographic inversion static corrections and application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),42(S1):111-114.
Teng J W,Wang F Y,Zhao W Z,et al.2008.Velocity distribution of upper crust,undulation of sedimentary formation and crystalline basement beneath the Ordos basin in North China[J].Chinese J.Geophysics(in Chinese),51(6):1753-1766.
Tian Y,Zhao D P,Liu C,et al.2009.A review of body-wave tomography and its applications to studying the crust and mantle structure in China[J].Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),16(2):347-360.
Um J,Thurber C.1987.A fast algorithm for two-point seismic ray tracing[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,77(3):972-986.
Xu C F,Zhang X K,Liu B J,et al.2005.Processing method for high resolution refraction seismic data and its application[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),20(4):1052-1058.
Yang X Q,Shi X B,Xu H H.2012.Numerical modeling of the current tectonic stress field in Taiwan Strait and its adjacent regions[J],Chinese J.Geophysics(in Chinese).55(7):2307-2318,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.07.016.
Yang Y,Qin K W,Zhang D,et al.2009.Improvement of SIRT algorithm in near-surface seismic tomography[J].Journal of Wuhan University(Natural Science Edition)(in Chinese),55(2):201-205.
Zhan W H,Sun Z X,Tang C,et al.2004.Littoral active fault belt of south China and its control on seismic activity in Taiwan Strait[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),23(4):19-24.
Zhao DP,Hasegawa A,Horiuchi S.1992.Tomographic imaging of P and S wave velocity structure beneath Northeastern Japan[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,97(B13):19909-19928.
Zheng T Y,Liu P C.1996.Study of the 16 September 1994 Taiwan Strait earthquake and its tectonec setting[J].Chinese J.Geophysics(in Chinese),39(1):68-79.
Zhou X M,Li W X.2000.Origin of Late Mesozoic igneous rocks in Southeastern China:implications for lithosphere subduction and underplating of mafic magmas[J].Tectonophysics,326(3-4):269-287.
曹令敏,赖晓玲.2012.甘肃天水地区地壳上部二维速度结构成像研究[J].地球物理学报,55(10):3318-3326,doi:10.6038/j.issn,.0001-5733.2012.10.014.
成景旺,顾汉明,刘春成,等.2013.频率域反射波全波形速度反演[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),38(2):391-397.
段永红,张先康,方盛明.2002.华北地区上部地壳结构的三维有限差分层析成像[J].地球物理学报,45(3):362-369.
韩晓丽,杨长春,麻三怀,等.2008.复杂山区初至波层析反演静校正[J].地球物理学进展,23(2):475-483.
黄昭,王善雄.2006.台湾海峡滨海断裂带的构造特征与活动性[J].大地测量与地球动力学,26(3):16-22.
赖晓玲,张先康,杨玉春,等.1995.Pg回折波的上地壳三维层析成象[J].华北地震科学,14(3):10-19.
刘盛东,李承华.2000.地震走时层析成像算法与比较[J].中国矿业大学学报,29(2):211-214.
刘伊克,常旭,王辉,等.2001.三维复杂地形近地表速度估算及地震层析静校正[J].地球物理学报,44(2):272-278.
刘玉柱,丁孔芸,董良国.2010.初至波走时层析成像对初始模型的依赖性[J].石油地球物理勘探,45(4):502-511.
刘振湖,王英民,王海荣.2006.台湾海峡盆地的地质构造特征及演化[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,26(5):69-75.
刘振宽,吴永刚,刘英杰,等.1995.利用初至波走时速度成像进行近地表静校正的方法[J].地球物理学报,38(S1):153-159.
苏贵仕,黄莉莉,赵明秋.2007.伪三维层析反演静校正技术及其应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,42(S1):11卜114.
滕吉文,王夫运,赵文智,等.2008.鄂尔多斯盆地上地壳速度分布与沉积建造和结晶基底起伏的构造研究[J].地球物理学报,51(6):1 753-1766.
田有,赵大鹏,刘财,等.2009.体波走时层析成像方法及其在中国壳幔结构研究中的应用评述[J].地学前缘,16(2):347-360.
徐朝繁,张先康,刘宝金,等.2005.高分辨折射地震资料处理方法及其应用[J].地球物理学进展,20(4):1052-1058.
杨小秋,施小斌,许鹤华.2012.台湾海峡及其邻区现今构造应力场数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,55(7):2307-2318,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.07.016.
杨艳,秦克伟,张东,等.2009.一种改进的近地表层析成像SIRT算法[J].武汉大学学报(理学版),55(2):201-205.
詹文欢,孙宗勋,唐诚,等.2004.华南滨海断裂带及其对台湾海峡地震活动的控制作用[J].热带海洋学报,23(4):19-24.
郑天愉,刘鹏程.1996.1994年9月16日台湾海峡地震及其构造背景研究[J].地球物理学报,39(1):68-79.
Cao L M,Lai X L.2012.2D velocity images of upper crust in Tianshui area.Gansu Province[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),55(10):3318-3326.doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.10.014.
Cheng J W,Gu H M,Liu C C,et al.2013.Full waveform inversion for velocity structure from reflected wave seismic data in the frequency domain[J].Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences)(in Chinese),38(2):391-397.
Duan Y H,Zhang X K,Fang S M.2002.Three-dimensional finitedifference tomography of velocity structure of the upper crustal in North China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),45(3):362-369.
Han X L,Yang C C,Ma S H,et al.2008.Static of tomographic inversion by first breaks in complex areas[J],Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),23(2):475-483.
Huang Z,Wang S X.2006.Tectonic features and activity of Binhai fault zone in Taiwan Strait[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),26(3):16-22.
Kissling E,Husen S,Haslinger F.2001.Model parametrization in seismic tomography:a choice of consequence for the solution quality[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,123(2-4):89-101.
Lai X L,Zhang X K,Yang Y C,et al.1995.3-D tomographic determination of uppermost crust using pg diving wave[J].North China Earthquake Sciences(in Chinese),14(3):10-19.
Liu S D,Li C H.2000.Algorithm and comparison of seismic travel time computerized tomography technique[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology(in Chinese),29(2):211-214.
Liu Y K,Chang X,Wang H,et al.2001.Estimation of nearsurface velocity and seismic tomographic static corrections[J].Chinese J.Geophysics(in Chinese),44(2):272-278.
Liu Y Z,Ding K Y,Dong L G.2010.The Dependence of first arrival travel time tomography on initial model[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),45(4);502-511.
Liu Z H,Wang Y M,Wang H R.2006.Characteristics and evolutions of geologic structures in the Taiwan Strait basin[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology(in Chinese),26(5):69-75.
Liu Z K,Wu Y G,Liu Y J,et al.1995.Near-surface static correction method using first-arrival traveltimes velocity tomography[J].Chinese J.Geophysics(in Chinese),38(S1):153-159.
Moser T J,Nolet G,Snieder R.1992.Ray bending revisited[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,82(1):259-288.
Prolhero W A,Taylor W J,Eickemeyer J A.1988.A fast,twopoint,three-dimensional raytracing algorithm using a simple step search method[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,78(3):1190-1198.
Su G S,Huang L L,Zhao M Q.2007.Pseudo 3-D tomographic inversion static corrections and application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),42(S1):111-114.
Teng J W,Wang F Y,Zhao W Z,et al.2008.Velocity distribution of upper crust,undulation of sedimentary formation and crystalline basement beneath the Ordos basin in North China[J].Chinese J.Geophysics(in Chinese),51(6):1753-1766.
Tian Y,Zhao D P,Liu C,et al.2009.A review of body-wave tomography and its applications to studying the crust and mantle structure in China[J].Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),16(2):347-360.
Um J,Thurber C.1987.A fast algorithm for two-point seismic ray tracing[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,77(3):972-986.
Xu C F,Zhang X K,Liu B J,et al.2005.Processing method for high resolution refraction seismic data and its application[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),20(4):1052-1058.
Yang X Q,Shi X B,Xu H H.2012.Numerical modeling of the current tectonic stress field in Taiwan Strait and its adjacent regions[J],Chinese J.Geophysics(in Chinese).55(7):2307-2318,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.07.016.
Yang Y,Qin K W,Zhang D,et al.2009.Improvement of SIRT algorithm in near-surface seismic tomography[J].Journal of Wuhan University(Natural Science Edition)(in Chinese),55(2):201-205.
Zhan W H,Sun Z X,Tang C,et al.2004.Littoral active fault belt of south China and its control on seismic activity in Taiwan Strait[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),23(4):19-24.
Zhao DP,Hasegawa A,Horiuchi S.1992.Tomographic imaging of P and S wave velocity structure beneath Northeastern Japan[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,97(B13):19909-19928.
Zheng T Y,Liu P C.1996.Study of the 16 September 1994 Taiwan Strait earthquake and its tectonec setting[J].Chinese J.Geophysics(in Chinese),39(1):68-79.
Zhou X M,Li W X.2000.Origin of Late Mesozoic igneous rocks in Southeastern China:implications for lithosphere subduction and underplating of mafic magmas[J].Tectonophysics,326(3-4):269-287.
曹令敏,赖晓玲.2012.甘肃天水地区地壳上部二维速度结构成像研究[J].地球物理学报,55(10):3318-3326,doi:10.6038/j.issn,.0001-5733.2012.10.014.
成景旺,顾汉明,刘春成,等.2013.频率域反射波全波形速度反演[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),38(2):391-397.
段永红,张先康,方盛明.2002.华北地区上部地壳结构的三维有限差分层析成像[J].地球物理学报,45(3):362-369.
韩晓丽,杨长春,麻三怀,等.2008.复杂山区初至波层析反演静校正[J].地球物理学进展,23(2):475-483.
黄昭,王善雄.2006.台湾海峡滨海断裂带的构造特征与活动性[J].大地测量与地球动力学,26(3):16-22.
赖晓玲,张先康,杨玉春,等.1995.Pg回折波的上地壳三维层析成象[J].华北地震科学,14(3):10-19.
刘盛东,李承华.2000.地震走时层析成像算法与比较[J].中国矿业大学学报,29(2):211-214.
刘伊克,常旭,王辉,等.2001.三维复杂地形近地表速度估算及地震层析静校正[J].地球物理学报,44(2):272-278.
刘玉柱,丁孔芸,董良国.2010.初至波走时层析成像对初始模型的依赖性[J].石油地球物理勘探,45(4):502-511.
刘振湖,王英民,王海荣.2006.台湾海峡盆地的地质构造特征及演化[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,26(5):69-75.
刘振宽,吴永刚,刘英杰,等.1995.利用初至波走时速度成像进行近地表静校正的方法[J].地球物理学报,38(S1):153-159.
苏贵仕,黄莉莉,赵明秋.2007.伪三维层析反演静校正技术及其应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,42(S1):11卜114.
滕吉文,王夫运,赵文智,等.2008.鄂尔多斯盆地上地壳速度分布与沉积建造和结晶基底起伏的构造研究[J].地球物理学报,51(6):1 753-1766.
田有,赵大鹏,刘财,等.2009.体波走时层析成像方法及其在中国壳幔结构研究中的应用评述[J].地学前缘,16(2):347-360.
徐朝繁,张先康,刘宝金,等.2005.高分辨折射地震资料处理方法及其应用[J].地球物理学进展,20(4):1052-1058.
杨小秋,施小斌,许鹤华.2012.台湾海峡及其邻区现今构造应力场数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,55(7):2307-2318,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.07.016.
杨艳,秦克伟,张东,等.2009.一种改进的近地表层析成像SIRT算法[J].武汉大学学报(理学版),55(2):201-205.
詹文欢,孙宗勋,唐诚,等.2004.华南滨海断裂带及其对台湾海峡地震活动的控制作用[J].热带海洋学报,23(4):19-24.
郑天愉,刘鹏程.1996.1994年9月16日台湾海峡地震及其构造背景研究[J].地球物理学报,39(1):68-79.
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