基于地貌与运动学特征的古滑坡群成因分析
|
摘要
针对四川省雷波县马湖古滑坡群规模的新发现,对其地貌与运动学特征进行详细分析,以期研究该滑坡群的成因。依据钻孔及超声波所测量的马湖湖底地形确定古璜琅河河床特征、古滑坡群平面范围和深度;在古滑坡外形、结构及地质环境现场调查的基础上,重点进行地貌分析、古滑坡群分期和确定各期运动轨迹;运用能量守恒方程计算滑坡速度,辅助确定古滑坡群的形成机制。结果表明:滑坡群规模巨大,面积达18.2 km2(包括湖底部分),体积约20×108m3;滑坡群按照岩性和结构可以分为3区,形成过程分为4期;古滑坡群为多期地震诱发的顺高陡地层界面的高大、高速、远程滑坡;地貌和运动学分析可作为确定古滑坡成因的一种方法。
The landform and kinematics characteristics of Mahu ancient landslides in Leibo County,Sichuan Province were analyzed in detail to obtain it's causes aimed at the new finding of it's scale. Analysis on the riverbed of ancient Huanglang River,the plane range and depth of the ancient landslide was done on the basis of borehole and ultrasonic measurement of the terrain of the dammed lake bottom. Based on the site investigation of shape,structure and geological environment,the landform was analyzed,the periodizations of the landslides were described,and the movement of each landslide event was concluded. The energy conservation equation was used to calculate the velocity,which helps to confirm the causes of the ancient landslides. The results showed the landslide has a super large-scale,with surface area of 18. 2 km2 which includes the underwater part and volume of about 20 × 108m3. The ancient landslides can be divided into three zones according its composition and four events according its order. The landslide slided along the high and steep formation interface with huge scale,huge velocity and longer distance,it may be caused by earthquake; analysis of the landform and kinematics of ancient landslides is a good method to help confirming their causes.
The landform and kinematics characteristics of Mahu ancient landslides in Leibo County,Sichuan Province were analyzed in detail to obtain it's causes aimed at the new finding of it's scale. Analysis on the riverbed of ancient Huanglang River,the plane range and depth of the ancient landslide was done on the basis of borehole and ultrasonic measurement of the terrain of the dammed lake bottom. Based on the site investigation of shape,structure and geological environment,the landform was analyzed,the periodizations of the landslides were described,and the movement of each landslide event was concluded. The energy conservation equation was used to calculate the velocity,which helps to confirm the causes of the ancient landslides. The results showed the landslide has a super large-scale,with surface area of 18. 2 km2 which includes the underwater part and volume of about 20 × 108m3. The ancient landslides can be divided into three zones according its composition and four events according its order. The landslide slided along the high and steep formation interface with huge scale,huge velocity and longer distance,it may be caused by earthquake; analysis of the landform and kinematics of ancient landslides is a good method to help confirming their causes.
引文
[1]Cui Peng,Han Yongshun,Chen Xiaoqing.Distribution and risk analysis of dammed lakes reduced by Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(3):35-42.[崔鹏,韩用顺,陈晓清.汶川地震堰塞湖分布规律与风险评估[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):35-42.]
[2]Dai F C,Xu C,Yao X,et al.Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,40(4):883-895.
[3]Shou K J,Hong C Y,Wu C C,et al.Spatial and temporal analysis of landslides in Central Taiwan after 1999 ChiChi earthquake[J].Engineering Geology,2011,123(1/2):122-128.
[4]Trifunac M D,Todorovska M I.Damage distribution during the 1994 Northridge,California,earthquake relative to generalized categories of surficial geology[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,1998,17(4):239-253.
[5]Li Xiuzhen,Kong Jiming.Runout distance estimation of landslides triggered by“5·12”Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2010,42(5):243-249.[李秀珍,孔纪名.“5·12”汶川地震诱发滑坡的滑动距离预测[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2010,42(5):243-249.]
[6]Li Xiuzhen,Kong Jiming,Deng Hongyan,et al.Analysis on characteristics and deformation failure mode of large-scale landslides induced by“5·12”Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(3):72-77.[李秀珍,孔纪名,邓红艳,等.“5·12”汶川地震滑坡特征及失稳破坏模式分析[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):72-77.]
[7]Dai F C,Tu X B,Xu C,et al.Rock avalanches triggered by obliquethrusting during the 12 May 2008 Ms 8.0Wenchuan earthquake,China[J].Geomorphology,2011,132(3/4):300-318.
[8]Huang R Q,Li W L.Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake in China[J].Science in China Series E:Technological Sciences,2009,52(4):810-819.
[9]Cui P,Zhu Y,Han Y,et al.The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes:Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation[J].Landslides,2009,6(3):209-223.
[10]Kong Jiming,A Fayou,Deng Hongyan,et al.Classification and typical case analysis of Wenchuan earthquake-induced dammed lakes based on landslide formation mechanism[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2010,42(5):44-51.[孔纪名,阿发友,邓宏艳,等.基于滑坡成因的汶川地震堰塞湖分类及典型实例分析[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2010,42(5):44-51.]
[11]国家电力公司中南勘测设计研究院.金沙江向家坝水电站水库工程地质勘察报告[R].长沙:国家电力公司中南勘测设计研究院,2003.
[12]Zhong Nancai,Hou Zhihua.Research on the paleoearthquakes of late pleistocene to holocene along the Damaotan fault[J].Journal of College of Disaster Prevention Techniques,2005,7(1):6-11.[钟南才,侯治华.大毛滩活动断裂晚第四纪活以来的古地强震研究[J].防灾技术高等专科学校学报,2005,7(1):6-11.]
[13]Wang Yunsheng,Lu Yan.The colluvial landslide accumulation and it’s environment effects in Huanglang,Leipo[J].Journal of Mountain Research,2000,18(Supp):44-47.[王运生,陆彦.四川雷波县黄琅崩滑堆积及其环境效应[J].山地学报,2000,18(Supp):44-47.]
[14]Evans S G,Hungr O,Clague J J.Dynamics of the 1984rock avalanche and associated distal debris flow on Mount Cayley,British Columbia,Canada:Implications for landslide hazard assessment on dissected volcanoes[J].Engineering Geology,2001,61(1):29-51.
[15]Boultbee N,Stead D,Schwab J,et al.The Zymoetz River rock avalanche,June 2002,British Columbia,Canada[J].Engineering Geology,2006,83(2):376-93.
[16]Voight B,Sousa J.Lessons from Ontake-san:A comparative analysis of debris avalanche dynamics[J].Engineering Geology,1994,38(3):261-297.
[17]Jibson R W,Harp E L,Schulz W,et al.Large rock avalanches triggered by the M7.9 Denali fault,Alaska,earthquake of 3 November 2002[J].Engineering Geology,2006,83(3):144-160.
[18]Chai Junrui,Li Shouyi.Coupling analysis of seepage and stress fields in Xietan landslide in Three Gorges Region[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(8):1280-1284.[柴军瑞,李守义.三峡库区泄滩滑坡渗流场与应力场耦合分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报2004,23(8):1280-1284.]
[19]Deng Qinglu,Wang Xueping.Relationship between neotectonism and landslides in reservoir area of Three Gorges Project on Yangtze River[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2000,8(2):136-141.[邓清禄,王学平.长江三峡库区滑坡与构造活动的关系[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(2):136-141.]
[20]Li Shouding,Li Xiao,Dong Yanhui,et al.Study on Ji’an landslide characters and origin in Wanzhou,Chongqing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3159-3164.[李守定,李晓,董艳辉,等.重庆万州吉安滑坡特征与成因研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3159-3164.]
[21]Yin Yueping,Kang Hongda,Yang Hualin,et al.Prevention on Wufengshan landslide of Yunyang County at the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2003,30(6):25-29.[殷跃平,康宏达,杨华林,等.三峡库区云阳五峰山滑坡防治工程方案研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,30(6):25-29.]
[22]Liu Xiao,Tang Huiming,Hu Xinli,et al.Formation mechanism and dynamic stability of Jingu high-speed and long-run-out landslide[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(12):2527-2537.[刘晓,唐辉明,胡新丽,等.金鼓高速远程滑坡形成机制及动力稳定性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(12):2527-2537.]
[23]Wang Yufeng,Cheng Qiangong,Zhu Qi.Inverse granding analysis of deposit from rock avalanches triggered by Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1089-1106.[王玉峰,程谦恭,朱圻.汶川地震触发高速远程滑坡–碎屑流堆积反粒序特征及机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(6):1089-1106.]
[24]Fang Hua,Pei Laizheng,Xiang Lingzhi.Study on kinematic velocity of high-speed and long-range landslides induced by Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2011,31(2):212-217.[方华,裴来政,向灵芝.汶川地震高速远程滑坡速度研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2011,31(2):212-217.]
[25]Huang Runqiu,Pei Xiangjun,Li Tianbin.The basic characteristics and formation mechanism of Daguangbao largescale landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):730-741.[黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机制分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):730-741.]
[26]Wu Shuren,Wang Tao,Shi Ling,et al.Study of catastrophic landslides triggered by 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake Sichuan China[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(2):145-159.[吴树仁,王涛,石玲,等.2008汶川大地震极端滑坡事件初步研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(2):145-159.]
[27]Xu Qiang,Li Weile.Distribution of large-scale landslides induced by Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(6):818-826.[许强,李为乐.汶川地震诱发大型滑坡分布规律研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(6):818-826.]
[2]Dai F C,Xu C,Yao X,et al.Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,40(4):883-895.
[3]Shou K J,Hong C Y,Wu C C,et al.Spatial and temporal analysis of landslides in Central Taiwan after 1999 ChiChi earthquake[J].Engineering Geology,2011,123(1/2):122-128.
[4]Trifunac M D,Todorovska M I.Damage distribution during the 1994 Northridge,California,earthquake relative to generalized categories of surficial geology[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,1998,17(4):239-253.
[5]Li Xiuzhen,Kong Jiming.Runout distance estimation of landslides triggered by“5·12”Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2010,42(5):243-249.[李秀珍,孔纪名.“5·12”汶川地震诱发滑坡的滑动距离预测[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2010,42(5):243-249.]
[6]Li Xiuzhen,Kong Jiming,Deng Hongyan,et al.Analysis on characteristics and deformation failure mode of large-scale landslides induced by“5·12”Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(3):72-77.[李秀珍,孔纪名,邓红艳,等.“5·12”汶川地震滑坡特征及失稳破坏模式分析[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):72-77.]
[7]Dai F C,Tu X B,Xu C,et al.Rock avalanches triggered by obliquethrusting during the 12 May 2008 Ms 8.0Wenchuan earthquake,China[J].Geomorphology,2011,132(3/4):300-318.
[8]Huang R Q,Li W L.Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake in China[J].Science in China Series E:Technological Sciences,2009,52(4):810-819.
[9]Cui P,Zhu Y,Han Y,et al.The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes:Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation[J].Landslides,2009,6(3):209-223.
[10]Kong Jiming,A Fayou,Deng Hongyan,et al.Classification and typical case analysis of Wenchuan earthquake-induced dammed lakes based on landslide formation mechanism[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2010,42(5):44-51.[孔纪名,阿发友,邓宏艳,等.基于滑坡成因的汶川地震堰塞湖分类及典型实例分析[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2010,42(5):44-51.]
[11]国家电力公司中南勘测设计研究院.金沙江向家坝水电站水库工程地质勘察报告[R].长沙:国家电力公司中南勘测设计研究院,2003.
[12]Zhong Nancai,Hou Zhihua.Research on the paleoearthquakes of late pleistocene to holocene along the Damaotan fault[J].Journal of College of Disaster Prevention Techniques,2005,7(1):6-11.[钟南才,侯治华.大毛滩活动断裂晚第四纪活以来的古地强震研究[J].防灾技术高等专科学校学报,2005,7(1):6-11.]
[13]Wang Yunsheng,Lu Yan.The colluvial landslide accumulation and it’s environment effects in Huanglang,Leipo[J].Journal of Mountain Research,2000,18(Supp):44-47.[王运生,陆彦.四川雷波县黄琅崩滑堆积及其环境效应[J].山地学报,2000,18(Supp):44-47.]
[14]Evans S G,Hungr O,Clague J J.Dynamics of the 1984rock avalanche and associated distal debris flow on Mount Cayley,British Columbia,Canada:Implications for landslide hazard assessment on dissected volcanoes[J].Engineering Geology,2001,61(1):29-51.
[15]Boultbee N,Stead D,Schwab J,et al.The Zymoetz River rock avalanche,June 2002,British Columbia,Canada[J].Engineering Geology,2006,83(2):376-93.
[16]Voight B,Sousa J.Lessons from Ontake-san:A comparative analysis of debris avalanche dynamics[J].Engineering Geology,1994,38(3):261-297.
[17]Jibson R W,Harp E L,Schulz W,et al.Large rock avalanches triggered by the M7.9 Denali fault,Alaska,earthquake of 3 November 2002[J].Engineering Geology,2006,83(3):144-160.
[18]Chai Junrui,Li Shouyi.Coupling analysis of seepage and stress fields in Xietan landslide in Three Gorges Region[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(8):1280-1284.[柴军瑞,李守义.三峡库区泄滩滑坡渗流场与应力场耦合分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报2004,23(8):1280-1284.]
[19]Deng Qinglu,Wang Xueping.Relationship between neotectonism and landslides in reservoir area of Three Gorges Project on Yangtze River[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2000,8(2):136-141.[邓清禄,王学平.长江三峡库区滑坡与构造活动的关系[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(2):136-141.]
[20]Li Shouding,Li Xiao,Dong Yanhui,et al.Study on Ji’an landslide characters and origin in Wanzhou,Chongqing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3159-3164.[李守定,李晓,董艳辉,等.重庆万州吉安滑坡特征与成因研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3159-3164.]
[21]Yin Yueping,Kang Hongda,Yang Hualin,et al.Prevention on Wufengshan landslide of Yunyang County at the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2003,30(6):25-29.[殷跃平,康宏达,杨华林,等.三峡库区云阳五峰山滑坡防治工程方案研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,30(6):25-29.]
[22]Liu Xiao,Tang Huiming,Hu Xinli,et al.Formation mechanism and dynamic stability of Jingu high-speed and long-run-out landslide[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(12):2527-2537.[刘晓,唐辉明,胡新丽,等.金鼓高速远程滑坡形成机制及动力稳定性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(12):2527-2537.]
[23]Wang Yufeng,Cheng Qiangong,Zhu Qi.Inverse granding analysis of deposit from rock avalanches triggered by Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1089-1106.[王玉峰,程谦恭,朱圻.汶川地震触发高速远程滑坡–碎屑流堆积反粒序特征及机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(6):1089-1106.]
[24]Fang Hua,Pei Laizheng,Xiang Lingzhi.Study on kinematic velocity of high-speed and long-range landslides induced by Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2011,31(2):212-217.[方华,裴来政,向灵芝.汶川地震高速远程滑坡速度研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2011,31(2):212-217.]
[25]Huang Runqiu,Pei Xiangjun,Li Tianbin.The basic characteristics and formation mechanism of Daguangbao largescale landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):730-741.[黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机制分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):730-741.]
[26]Wu Shuren,Wang Tao,Shi Ling,et al.Study of catastrophic landslides triggered by 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake Sichuan China[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(2):145-159.[吴树仁,王涛,石玲,等.2008汶川大地震极端滑坡事件初步研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(2):145-159.]
[27]Xu Qiang,Li Weile.Distribution of large-scale landslides induced by Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(6):818-826.[许强,李为乐.汶川地震诱发大型滑坡分布规律研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(6):818-826.]
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心