大庆油田M1井3D VSP成像方法与应用
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摘要
3D VSP地震数据具有高分辨率和高信噪比的特点,常规的VSP成像方法在大庆油田资料的处理中一直未见到理想的效果.依据大庆油田VSP资料的特点,设计了3D VSP资料的处理流程,主要包括三分量波场逐点定向方法和Q补偿的子波反褶积等预处理方法,所设计的流程具有高分辨率、高保真性的特点.大庆油田M1井的实际资料处理结果显示,所形成的方法可将VSP资料的频带展宽约20 Hz,同时对地面地震也进行了反褶积处理,反褶积后,地面地震的分辨率得到有效提高,波组特征更加清楚.实际数据计算表明,所形成的方法具有很好的实用性,可实现地下介质的精细刻画,可在具有同类地质条件的研究区推广应用.
3D VSP seismic exploration has the characteristics of high resolution and high signal to noise ratio.There is no ideal effect of processing the VSP data with conventional image methods in Daqing Oilfield.According to the VSP data feature in Daqing oil field,we designed a process flow of 3D VSP data,mainly including rotation directional of three-component wavefield,Q compensation wavelet deconvolution method and other pre-process methods.The work flow we proposed has high resolution and high fidelity.The processing result of field data in well Ml in Daqing Oilflield showed that our method could broadening the VSP data band about 20 Hz.In the mean time,we also carried on the deconvolution processing on the ground seismic data.And after the deconvolution,the resolution had a effective improvement,wave group characteristics was more clear.The calculation of field data indicated that our method has good practicability,it can implement the fine features of underground medium,and the method can be extensively applied in the research areas which have the same kind geological conditions.
3D VSP seismic exploration has the characteristics of high resolution and high signal to noise ratio.There is no ideal effect of processing the VSP data with conventional image methods in Daqing Oilfield.According to the VSP data feature in Daqing oil field,we designed a process flow of 3D VSP data,mainly including rotation directional of three-component wavefield,Q compensation wavelet deconvolution method and other pre-process methods.The work flow we proposed has high resolution and high fidelity.The processing result of field data in well Ml in Daqing Oilflield showed that our method could broadening the VSP data band about 20 Hz.In the mean time,we also carried on the deconvolution processing on the ground seismic data.And after the deconvolution,the resolution had a effective improvement,wave group characteristics was more clear.The calculation of field data indicated that our method has good practicability,it can implement the fine features of underground medium,and the method can be extensively applied in the research areas which have the same kind geological conditions.
引文
Blias E.2007.VSP wavefield separation:Wave-by-wave optimization approach[J].Geophysics,72(4):T47-T55.
Cai L L,Sun Z D,Bai H J,et al.2011.Constant gradient ray tracing algorithm and its application on VSP-CDP mapping[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),46(Supplement 1):34-39.
Cao L B,Wu F R,Li Z R,et al.2009.Application of mountainous walk-away VSP technology[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(3):292-297.
Chen S C,Wang H C,Chen L.2012.A high efficient super-gather migration method for 3D VSP data[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),55(1):232-237,doi..10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.022.
Cheng J B,Ma Z T.2010.Azimuth-angle domain Kirchhoff prestack time migration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),45(5):674-682.
Cheng L L.2014.A local reverse-time migration method of VSP data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),53(2):149-156.
Du J,Wang S X,Liu G C,et al.2009.VSP wavefield separation using local slopes attribute[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(7):1867-1872.
Gao L,Chen W C,Wang B L,et al.2013.Zero-offset VSP wavefield separation using Two-Step SVD approach[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),56(5):1667-1675,doi:10.6038/cjg20130524.
Grossman J P,Margrave G F,Lamoureux M P,et al.2002.Constant-Q wavelet estimation via a Gabor spectral model:CSEG Convention Expanded Abstracts.
Home S,Borland B,Ali S.2008.Anisotropic Slowness Inversion using 3D VSP data[C].SEG Annual Meeting,Las Vegas,Nevada:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,27:2947-2951.
Li W J,Q(u|¨)S L,Wei X C,et al.2012.Discussion about reversetime depth migration technology of prestack elastic wavefield for offset VSP data[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),55(1):238-251,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.023.
Li Y P,Chen Y Z,Xu G,et al.2011.Large-array 3D-VSP technique applied to Daqing Oil Field[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),46(2):311-316.
Li Z N,Li Z C,Wang P.2014.Wavefield separation by a modified linear Radon transform in borehole seismic[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),57(7):2269-2277,doi:10.6038/cjg20140721.
Liang X H,Luo Bin,Zhang X D.2014.Complicated dipping structure zero-offset VSP-CDP imaging using constant velocity gradient ray-tracing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),49(2):271-277.
Liu S W,Wang H Z,Chen S C,et al.2012.Joint imaging method of VSP upgoing and downgoing reflection wave[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),55(9):3126-3133,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.09.030.
Liu S Z,Shi Y,Guo X B,et al.2014.Investigation on reverse-time migration of VSP data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),29(5):2211-2218,doi:10.6038/pg20140533.
Margrave G F,Lamoureux M P,Grossman J P,et al.2002.Gabor deconvolution of seismic data for source waveform and Q correction[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts2002,2190-2193.
Scott Leaney W.2002.Anisotropic vector plane wave decomposition for 3D VSP data[C].SEG Annual Meeting.Salt Lake City,Utah:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,21:1095-1099.
Sun W B,Sun Z D.2009.Studies on vector wave field separation method for 3D3C VSP data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(6):708-719.
Sun W B,Sun Z D.2010.VSP reverse time migration based on the pseudo-spectral method and its applications[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),53(9):2196-2203,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.09.020.
Sun Z,Liu Y,Wang J,et al.2009.VSP optimized predictive deconvolution and VSP wavelet switchover deconvolution[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(5):569-573.
Wu Y T,Zhu G M,Liu Y K,et al.2010.Study on CFS method in Q inversion using zero-offset VSP data[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),25(6):1897-1904,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.06.003.
Yu Q.2010.The enhancement of the resolution of surface seismic data by using wavelet of VSP replacement method[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),34(4):546-548.
Yu Z,Wang Y C,He J.2010.A stable inverse Q filtering method for VSP[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),25(5):1676-1684,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.05.021.
Zeng Y L,Yue Y X,Shan Q T,et al.2007.VSP wavefield separation based on high-resolution Radon transformation[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),46(2):115-119,173.
Zhao H B,Chen B J,Li K Z,et al.2011.VSP record numerical modeling in viscoelastic media and its application in the study of Q-value estimation method[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),54(2),329-335,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.008.
Zhu H L,Zhang S.2012.A high fidelity WSP method of wavefeild separation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(4):1557-1564,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.04.032.
蔡露露,孙赞东,白海军,等.2011.常梯度射线追踪法及在VSPCDP成像中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,46(增刊1):34-39.
曹立斌,巫芙蓉,李志荣,等.2009.山地Walk-away VSP技术的应用效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,44(3):292-297.
陈生昌,王汉闯,陈林.2012.三维VSP数据高效偏移成像的超道集方法[J].地球物理学报,55(1):232-237,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.022.
程玖兵,马在田.2010.方位-角度域Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,45(5):674-682.
程磊磊.2014.VSP资料局部逆时偏移方法研究[J].石油物探,53(2):149-156.
杜婧,王尚旭,刘国昌,等.2009.基于局部斜率属性的VSP波场分离研究[J].地球物理学报,52(7):1867-1872.
高磊,陈文超,王保利,等.2013.基于两步SVD变换的零偏VSP资料上下行波场分离方法[J].地球物理学报,56(5):1667-1675,doi:10.6038/cjg20130524.
李文杰,曲寿利,魏修成,等.2012.非零偏VSP弹性波叠前逆时深度偏移技术探讨[J].地球物理学报,55(1):238-251,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.023.
李彦鹏,陈沅忠,徐刚,等.2011.大阵列3D-VSP技术在大庆油田的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,46(2):311-316.
李志娜,李振春,王鹏.2014.基于改进线性Radon变换的井孔地震上下行波场分离方法[J].地球物理学报,57(7):22692277,doi:10.6038/cjg20140721.
梁向豪,罗斌,张新东.2014.复杂高陡构造零井源距VSP资料常速度梯度射线追踪法VSP-CDP成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,49(2):271-277.
刘守伟,王华忠,陈生昌,等.2012.VSP上下行反射波联合成像方法研究[J].地球物理学报,55(9):3126-3133,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.09.030.
刘诗竹,石颖,郭雪豹,等.2014.VSP数据逆时偏移方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,29(5):2211-2218,doi:10.6038/pg20140533.
孙文博,孙赞东.2009.3D3C VSP资料矢量波场分离方法的研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,44(6):708-719.
孙文博,孙赞东.2010.基于伪谱法的VSP逆时偏移及其应用研究[J].地球物理学报,53(9):2196-2203,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.09.020.
孙哲,刘洋,王静,等.2009.VSP优化预测反褶积与VSP子波替换法反褶积[J].石油地球物理勘探,44(5):569-573.
武银婷,朱光明,刘伊克,等.2010.零偏VSP反演Q值CFS方法及影响因素研究[J].地球物理学进展,25(6):1897-1904,doi:10.39698.issn.1004-2903.2010.06.003.
于茜.2010.利用VSP子波替换提高地面地震资料的分辨率[J].物探与化探,34(4):546-548.
余振,王彦春,何静.2010.一种稳定的VSP反Q滤波方法[J].地球物理学进展,25(5):1676-1684,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.05.021.
曾有良,乐友喜,单启铜,等.2007.基于高分辨率Radon变换的VSP波场分离方法[J].石油物探,46(2):115-119,173.
赵海波,陈百军,李奎周,等.2011.黏弹性介质VSP记录模拟及在估算Q值研究中应用[J].地球物理学报,54(2):329-335,doi:10.39698.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.008.
朱海龙,张山.2012.高保真VSP波场分离方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,27(4):1557-1564,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.04.032.
Cai L L,Sun Z D,Bai H J,et al.2011.Constant gradient ray tracing algorithm and its application on VSP-CDP mapping[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),46(Supplement 1):34-39.
Cao L B,Wu F R,Li Z R,et al.2009.Application of mountainous walk-away VSP technology[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(3):292-297.
Chen S C,Wang H C,Chen L.2012.A high efficient super-gather migration method for 3D VSP data[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),55(1):232-237,doi..10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.022.
Cheng J B,Ma Z T.2010.Azimuth-angle domain Kirchhoff prestack time migration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),45(5):674-682.
Cheng L L.2014.A local reverse-time migration method of VSP data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),53(2):149-156.
Du J,Wang S X,Liu G C,et al.2009.VSP wavefield separation using local slopes attribute[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(7):1867-1872.
Gao L,Chen W C,Wang B L,et al.2013.Zero-offset VSP wavefield separation using Two-Step SVD approach[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),56(5):1667-1675,doi:10.6038/cjg20130524.
Grossman J P,Margrave G F,Lamoureux M P,et al.2002.Constant-Q wavelet estimation via a Gabor spectral model:CSEG Convention Expanded Abstracts.
Home S,Borland B,Ali S.2008.Anisotropic Slowness Inversion using 3D VSP data[C].SEG Annual Meeting,Las Vegas,Nevada:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,27:2947-2951.
Li W J,Q(u|¨)S L,Wei X C,et al.2012.Discussion about reversetime depth migration technology of prestack elastic wavefield for offset VSP data[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),55(1):238-251,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.023.
Li Y P,Chen Y Z,Xu G,et al.2011.Large-array 3D-VSP technique applied to Daqing Oil Field[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),46(2):311-316.
Li Z N,Li Z C,Wang P.2014.Wavefield separation by a modified linear Radon transform in borehole seismic[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),57(7):2269-2277,doi:10.6038/cjg20140721.
Liang X H,Luo Bin,Zhang X D.2014.Complicated dipping structure zero-offset VSP-CDP imaging using constant velocity gradient ray-tracing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),49(2):271-277.
Liu S W,Wang H Z,Chen S C,et al.2012.Joint imaging method of VSP upgoing and downgoing reflection wave[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),55(9):3126-3133,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.09.030.
Liu S Z,Shi Y,Guo X B,et al.2014.Investigation on reverse-time migration of VSP data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),29(5):2211-2218,doi:10.6038/pg20140533.
Margrave G F,Lamoureux M P,Grossman J P,et al.2002.Gabor deconvolution of seismic data for source waveform and Q correction[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts2002,2190-2193.
Scott Leaney W.2002.Anisotropic vector plane wave decomposition for 3D VSP data[C].SEG Annual Meeting.Salt Lake City,Utah:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,21:1095-1099.
Sun W B,Sun Z D.2009.Studies on vector wave field separation method for 3D3C VSP data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(6):708-719.
Sun W B,Sun Z D.2010.VSP reverse time migration based on the pseudo-spectral method and its applications[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),53(9):2196-2203,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.09.020.
Sun Z,Liu Y,Wang J,et al.2009.VSP optimized predictive deconvolution and VSP wavelet switchover deconvolution[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(5):569-573.
Wu Y T,Zhu G M,Liu Y K,et al.2010.Study on CFS method in Q inversion using zero-offset VSP data[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),25(6):1897-1904,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.06.003.
Yu Q.2010.The enhancement of the resolution of surface seismic data by using wavelet of VSP replacement method[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),34(4):546-548.
Yu Z,Wang Y C,He J.2010.A stable inverse Q filtering method for VSP[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),25(5):1676-1684,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.05.021.
Zeng Y L,Yue Y X,Shan Q T,et al.2007.VSP wavefield separation based on high-resolution Radon transformation[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),46(2):115-119,173.
Zhao H B,Chen B J,Li K Z,et al.2011.VSP record numerical modeling in viscoelastic media and its application in the study of Q-value estimation method[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),54(2),329-335,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.008.
Zhu H L,Zhang S.2012.A high fidelity WSP method of wavefeild separation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(4):1557-1564,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.04.032.
蔡露露,孙赞东,白海军,等.2011.常梯度射线追踪法及在VSPCDP成像中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,46(增刊1):34-39.
曹立斌,巫芙蓉,李志荣,等.2009.山地Walk-away VSP技术的应用效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,44(3):292-297.
陈生昌,王汉闯,陈林.2012.三维VSP数据高效偏移成像的超道集方法[J].地球物理学报,55(1):232-237,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.022.
程玖兵,马在田.2010.方位-角度域Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,45(5):674-682.
程磊磊.2014.VSP资料局部逆时偏移方法研究[J].石油物探,53(2):149-156.
杜婧,王尚旭,刘国昌,等.2009.基于局部斜率属性的VSP波场分离研究[J].地球物理学报,52(7):1867-1872.
高磊,陈文超,王保利,等.2013.基于两步SVD变换的零偏VSP资料上下行波场分离方法[J].地球物理学报,56(5):1667-1675,doi:10.6038/cjg20130524.
李文杰,曲寿利,魏修成,等.2012.非零偏VSP弹性波叠前逆时深度偏移技术探讨[J].地球物理学报,55(1):238-251,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.023.
李彦鹏,陈沅忠,徐刚,等.2011.大阵列3D-VSP技术在大庆油田的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,46(2):311-316.
李志娜,李振春,王鹏.2014.基于改进线性Radon变换的井孔地震上下行波场分离方法[J].地球物理学报,57(7):22692277,doi:10.6038/cjg20140721.
梁向豪,罗斌,张新东.2014.复杂高陡构造零井源距VSP资料常速度梯度射线追踪法VSP-CDP成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,49(2):271-277.
刘守伟,王华忠,陈生昌,等.2012.VSP上下行反射波联合成像方法研究[J].地球物理学报,55(9):3126-3133,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.09.030.
刘诗竹,石颖,郭雪豹,等.2014.VSP数据逆时偏移方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,29(5):2211-2218,doi:10.6038/pg20140533.
孙文博,孙赞东.2009.3D3C VSP资料矢量波场分离方法的研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,44(6):708-719.
孙文博,孙赞东.2010.基于伪谱法的VSP逆时偏移及其应用研究[J].地球物理学报,53(9):2196-2203,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.09.020.
孙哲,刘洋,王静,等.2009.VSP优化预测反褶积与VSP子波替换法反褶积[J].石油地球物理勘探,44(5):569-573.
武银婷,朱光明,刘伊克,等.2010.零偏VSP反演Q值CFS方法及影响因素研究[J].地球物理学进展,25(6):1897-1904,doi:10.39698.issn.1004-2903.2010.06.003.
于茜.2010.利用VSP子波替换提高地面地震资料的分辨率[J].物探与化探,34(4):546-548.
余振,王彦春,何静.2010.一种稳定的VSP反Q滤波方法[J].地球物理学进展,25(5):1676-1684,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.05.021.
曾有良,乐友喜,单启铜,等.2007.基于高分辨率Radon变换的VSP波场分离方法[J].石油物探,46(2):115-119,173.
赵海波,陈百军,李奎周,等.2011.黏弹性介质VSP记录模拟及在估算Q值研究中应用[J].地球物理学报,54(2):329-335,doi:10.39698.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.008.
朱海龙,张山.2012.高保真VSP波场分离方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,27(4):1557-1564,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.04.032.
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