VSP逆时偏移及其存储策略研究
|
摘要
在逆时偏移算法中,应用常规的随机边界方法虽可节约存储空间,但浅层常伴有随机噪声。应用PML边界方法虽可改善上述状况,却又面临地震波场存储的压力。为此,本文采用优化系数的高阶有限差分方法实现VSP数据逆时深度偏移,采用拉普拉斯去噪方法压制低频噪声,并兼顾考虑精度和存储,在PML边界震源波场正传过程中保存部分波场,进而利用保存的信息与检波点波场同步反传,不仅可有效地节约存储空间,也确保了替代波场信息的可靠性。断层模型测试表明,本文方法能够以低存储实现高精度的VSP逆时偏移,相比于地面地震偏移,断层成像更清晰、准确。
Although conventional random boundary methods can save storage space in reverse time migration algorithm,random noise often exists at shallow layers.PML boundary method can improve the situation,but suffer from seismic wave field storage problem.Here we adopt the high order optimization coefficient finite difference method to realize reverse-time depth migration of VSP data,and use Laplace denoising method to suppress low frequency noise.Considering both precision and storage,we store a part of source wave field forward modeling with PML boundary method,which is used in source wave field reverse extrapolation with receiver wave field.This approach can not only save storage space,but also ensure the reliability of the alternative wave field information.Fault model tests indicate that the proposed approach can be implemented with a low storage and high precision of VSP reverse time migration.Fault imaging is more clear and accurate than that of surface seismic migration.
Although conventional random boundary methods can save storage space in reverse time migration algorithm,random noise often exists at shallow layers.PML boundary method can improve the situation,but suffer from seismic wave field storage problem.Here we adopt the high order optimization coefficient finite difference method to realize reverse-time depth migration of VSP data,and use Laplace denoising method to suppress low frequency noise.Considering both precision and storage,we store a part of source wave field forward modeling with PML boundary method,which is used in source wave field reverse extrapolation with receiver wave field.This approach can not only save storage space,but also ensure the reliability of the alternative wave field information.Fault model tests indicate that the proposed approach can be implemented with a low storage and high precision of VSP reverse time migration.Fault imaging is more clear and accurate than that of surface seismic migration.
引文
[1]孙赞东.三维三分量VSP方法原理及应用.北京:石油工业出版社,2011,1-4.
[2]Whitmore N D.Iterative depth migration by backward time propagation.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1983,2:382-385.
[3]Baysal E,Kosloff D D and Sherwood J W C.Reverse time migration.Geophysics,1983,48(11):1514-1524.
[4]McMechan G A.Migration by extrapolation of timedependent boundary values.Geophysical Prospecting,1983,31(3):412-420.
[5]Loewenthal D,Mufti I R.Reverse-time migration in spatial frequency domain.Geophysics,1983,48(5):627-635.
[6]Levin S A.Principles of reverse time migration.Geophysics,1984,49(5):581-583.
[7]朱金明,严俊华.VSP逆时偏移处理.石油地球物理勘探,1991,26(5):564-570.Zhu Jinming,Yan Junhua.VSP reverse-time migration.OGP,1991,26(5):564-570.
[8]朱金明,董敏煜,李承楚.VSP的双程无反射波动方程逆时偏移.石油地球物理勘探,1989,24(3):256-270.Zhu Jinming,Dong Minyu,Li Chengchu.VSP reverse-time migration using two-way nonreflection wave equation.OGP,1989,24(3):256-270.
[9]侯安宁,何樵登.VSP数据的逆时偏移.长春地质学院学报,1990,20(2):227-233.Hou Anning,He Qiaodeng.Reverse-time migration of vertical seismic profiling data.Journal of Changchun University of Earth Science,1990,20(2):227-233.
[10]Mulder W,Plessix R.One-way and two-way wave equation migration.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2003,22:881-884.
[11]Bednar J B,Stein J,Yoon K et al.An up and down talk in the two-way walk.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2003,22:877-880.
[12]Bednar J B,Stein J,Yoon K et al.One-way versus two-way wave equation imaging.Is two-way worth it?65th EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition,2003,B11.
[13]Yoon K,Marfurt K J,Starr W.Challenges in reversetime migration.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2004,23:1057-1060.
[14]李振春,朱绪峰,韩文功.真振幅偏移方法综述.勘探地球物理进展,2008,41(1):10-15.Li Zhenchun,Zhu Xufeng,Han Wengong.Review of true-amplitude migration methods.Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2008,41(1):10-15.
[15]Clapp R G.Reverse time migration with random boundaries.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2009,28:2809-2813.
[16]刘红伟,刘洪,邹振等.地震叠前逆时偏移中的去噪与存储.地球物理学报,2010,53(9):2171-2180.Liu Hongwei,Liu Hong,Zou Zhen et al.The problems of denoise and storage in seismic reverse time migration.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(9):2171-2180.
[17]Berenger J P.A perfectly matched layer for the absorption of electromagnetics waves.Journal of Computation Physics,1994,114:185-200.
[18]胡昊,刘伊克,常旭等.逆时偏移计算中的边界处理分析及应用.地球物理学报,2013,56(6):2033-2042.Hu Hao,Liu Yike,Chang Xu et al.Analysis and application of boundary treatment for the computation of reverse-time migration.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(6):2033-2042.
[19]孙成禹,丁玉才.波动方程有限差分双变网格算法的精度分析.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(4):545-551.Sun Chengyu,Ding Yucai.Accuracy analysis of wave equation finite difference with dual-variable grid algorithm.OGP,2012,47(4):545-551.
[20]孙成禹,肖云飞,印兴耀等.黏弹介质波动方程有限差分解的稳定性研究.地震学报,2010,32(2):147-156.Sun Chengyu,Xiao Yunfei,Yin Xingyao et al.Study on the stability of finite difference solution of visco-elastic wave equations.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2010,32(2):147-156.
[21]刘洋,李承楚,牟永光.任意偶数阶精度的有限差分数值模拟方法.石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(1):1-10.Liu Yang,Li Chengchu,Mou Yongguang.Finitedifference numerical modeling of any even-order accuracy.OGP,1998,33(1):1-10.
[22]Zhang Jinhai,Yao Zhenxing.Optimized finite-difference operator for broadband seismic wave modeling.Geophysics,2013,78(1):1-6.
[23]郭念民,吴国忱.基于PML边界的变网格高阶有限差分声波方程逆时偏移.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(2):256-265.Guo Nianmin,Wu Guochen.High-order finite difference method in reverse-time migration with variable grids based on PML boundary condition.OGP,2012,47(2):256-265.
[24]王守东.声波方程完全匹配层吸收边界.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(1):31-34.Wang Shoudong.Absorbing boundary condition for acoustic wave equation by perfectly matched layer.OGP,2003,38(1):31-34.
[25]王永刚,邢文军,谢万学等.完全匹配层吸收边界条件的研究.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,31(1):19-24.Wang Yonggang,Xing Wenjun,Xie Wanxue et al.Study of absorbing boundary condition by perfectly matched layer.Journal of China University of Petroleum(Natural Science Edition),2007,31(1):19-24.
[26]陈可洋.完全匹配层吸收边界条件研究.石油物探,2010,49(5):472-477.Chen Keyang.Study on perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition.GPP,2010,49(5):472-477.
[27]薛东川.几种叠前逆时偏移成像条件的比较.石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(2):222-227.Xue Dongchuan.Imaging condition comparison of pre-stack inverse time migration.OGP,2013,48(2):222-227.
[28]Zhang Y,Sun J.Practical issues in reverse time migration:true amplitude gathers,noise removal and harmonic source encoding.First Break,2009,26(1):29-35.
[29]陈可洋.基于拉普拉斯算子的叠前逆时噪声压制方法.岩性油气藏,2011,23(5):87-95.Chen Keyang.Pre-stack reverse-time noise suppressing method based on Laplacian operator.Lithologic Reservoirs,2011,23(5):87-95.
[2]Whitmore N D.Iterative depth migration by backward time propagation.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1983,2:382-385.
[3]Baysal E,Kosloff D D and Sherwood J W C.Reverse time migration.Geophysics,1983,48(11):1514-1524.
[4]McMechan G A.Migration by extrapolation of timedependent boundary values.Geophysical Prospecting,1983,31(3):412-420.
[5]Loewenthal D,Mufti I R.Reverse-time migration in spatial frequency domain.Geophysics,1983,48(5):627-635.
[6]Levin S A.Principles of reverse time migration.Geophysics,1984,49(5):581-583.
[7]朱金明,严俊华.VSP逆时偏移处理.石油地球物理勘探,1991,26(5):564-570.Zhu Jinming,Yan Junhua.VSP reverse-time migration.OGP,1991,26(5):564-570.
[8]朱金明,董敏煜,李承楚.VSP的双程无反射波动方程逆时偏移.石油地球物理勘探,1989,24(3):256-270.Zhu Jinming,Dong Minyu,Li Chengchu.VSP reverse-time migration using two-way nonreflection wave equation.OGP,1989,24(3):256-270.
[9]侯安宁,何樵登.VSP数据的逆时偏移.长春地质学院学报,1990,20(2):227-233.Hou Anning,He Qiaodeng.Reverse-time migration of vertical seismic profiling data.Journal of Changchun University of Earth Science,1990,20(2):227-233.
[10]Mulder W,Plessix R.One-way and two-way wave equation migration.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2003,22:881-884.
[11]Bednar J B,Stein J,Yoon K et al.An up and down talk in the two-way walk.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2003,22:877-880.
[12]Bednar J B,Stein J,Yoon K et al.One-way versus two-way wave equation imaging.Is two-way worth it?65th EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition,2003,B11.
[13]Yoon K,Marfurt K J,Starr W.Challenges in reversetime migration.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2004,23:1057-1060.
[14]李振春,朱绪峰,韩文功.真振幅偏移方法综述.勘探地球物理进展,2008,41(1):10-15.Li Zhenchun,Zhu Xufeng,Han Wengong.Review of true-amplitude migration methods.Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2008,41(1):10-15.
[15]Clapp R G.Reverse time migration with random boundaries.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2009,28:2809-2813.
[16]刘红伟,刘洪,邹振等.地震叠前逆时偏移中的去噪与存储.地球物理学报,2010,53(9):2171-2180.Liu Hongwei,Liu Hong,Zou Zhen et al.The problems of denoise and storage in seismic reverse time migration.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(9):2171-2180.
[17]Berenger J P.A perfectly matched layer for the absorption of electromagnetics waves.Journal of Computation Physics,1994,114:185-200.
[18]胡昊,刘伊克,常旭等.逆时偏移计算中的边界处理分析及应用.地球物理学报,2013,56(6):2033-2042.Hu Hao,Liu Yike,Chang Xu et al.Analysis and application of boundary treatment for the computation of reverse-time migration.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(6):2033-2042.
[19]孙成禹,丁玉才.波动方程有限差分双变网格算法的精度分析.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(4):545-551.Sun Chengyu,Ding Yucai.Accuracy analysis of wave equation finite difference with dual-variable grid algorithm.OGP,2012,47(4):545-551.
[20]孙成禹,肖云飞,印兴耀等.黏弹介质波动方程有限差分解的稳定性研究.地震学报,2010,32(2):147-156.Sun Chengyu,Xiao Yunfei,Yin Xingyao et al.Study on the stability of finite difference solution of visco-elastic wave equations.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2010,32(2):147-156.
[21]刘洋,李承楚,牟永光.任意偶数阶精度的有限差分数值模拟方法.石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(1):1-10.Liu Yang,Li Chengchu,Mou Yongguang.Finitedifference numerical modeling of any even-order accuracy.OGP,1998,33(1):1-10.
[22]Zhang Jinhai,Yao Zhenxing.Optimized finite-difference operator for broadband seismic wave modeling.Geophysics,2013,78(1):1-6.
[23]郭念民,吴国忱.基于PML边界的变网格高阶有限差分声波方程逆时偏移.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(2):256-265.Guo Nianmin,Wu Guochen.High-order finite difference method in reverse-time migration with variable grids based on PML boundary condition.OGP,2012,47(2):256-265.
[24]王守东.声波方程完全匹配层吸收边界.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(1):31-34.Wang Shoudong.Absorbing boundary condition for acoustic wave equation by perfectly matched layer.OGP,2003,38(1):31-34.
[25]王永刚,邢文军,谢万学等.完全匹配层吸收边界条件的研究.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,31(1):19-24.Wang Yonggang,Xing Wenjun,Xie Wanxue et al.Study of absorbing boundary condition by perfectly matched layer.Journal of China University of Petroleum(Natural Science Edition),2007,31(1):19-24.
[26]陈可洋.完全匹配层吸收边界条件研究.石油物探,2010,49(5):472-477.Chen Keyang.Study on perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition.GPP,2010,49(5):472-477.
[27]薛东川.几种叠前逆时偏移成像条件的比较.石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(2):222-227.Xue Dongchuan.Imaging condition comparison of pre-stack inverse time migration.OGP,2013,48(2):222-227.
[28]Zhang Y,Sun J.Practical issues in reverse time migration:true amplitude gathers,noise removal and harmonic source encoding.First Break,2009,26(1):29-35.
[29]陈可洋.基于拉普拉斯算子的叠前逆时噪声压制方法.岩性油气藏,2011,23(5):87-95.Chen Keyang.Pre-stack reverse-time noise suppressing method based on Laplacian operator.Lithologic Reservoirs,2011,23(5):87-95.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心