摘要
为了更好地满足我国海上油田开发中小断层识别、薄储层刻画的需求,综合考虑VSP平面方位角、井眼条件等因素,根据正演模拟和枪阵组合震源优化,面向油田地质目标,提出了Walkaway VSP资料采集方法,针对渤海H油田W1井设计了8方位的Walkaway VSP采集测线;针对常规VSP波场分离方法存在的混波、低频化、波形畸变等缺陷,提出了基于全局参数反演的波场分离技术;针对常规反Q滤波技术仅适用于地面地震数据,提出了基于VSP射线路径的反Q滤波技术;首次将时域任意广角单程波动方程偏移算法推广到Walkaway VSP偏移成像中。这些技术成功应用于渤海H油田Walkaway VSP资料采集和处理中,获得了高分辨率的成果剖面,有利于波组特征识别和断层的精细刻画,满足了油藏精细研究的资料质量要求。
To satisfy the requirements of small faults and thin reservoirs description in our offshore oilfield development,considering azimuth,borehole conditions and geological targets,eight Walkaway VSP lines aimed at W1 well of H oilfield in Bohai Bay are proposed based on forward modeling and source optimization of gun arrays. To avoid mixed wave,low frequency and waveform distortion existing in conventional methods,a new VSP wave-field separation method is proposed based on global parameter inversion. The conventional inverse Q filtering is only applicable to surface seismic data,so a new inverse Q filtering method is realized based on VSP ray path. Arbitrary wide-angle one-way wave equation migration is extended to Walkaway VSP data for the first time. The techniques have been successfully applied to Walkaway VSP data acquisition and processing in H oilfield,and the resulting high resolution sections are beneficial for wave group features recognition and detailed faults characterization.
引文
[1]刘颖宇,田洪,李东,等.中途VSP地层层速度反演技术的拓展应用[J].中国海上油气,2011,23(3):163-165.Liu Yingyu,Tian Hong,Li Dong,et al.Extended applications of intenval velocity inversion on intermediate VSP[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2011,23(3):163-165.
[2]郭军,沈章洪.基于波动方程正演的倾斜地层VSP走时差异分析[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(2):20-23.Guo Jun,Shen Zhanghong.An analysis of VSP travel-time difference in tilted formation based on the forward modeling of wave equation[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2014,26(2):20-23.
[3]杨红君,蔡军.基于VSP的孔隙压力预测方法在莺歌海盆地的应用[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(4):20-24.Yang Hongjun,Cai Jun.Applying a method to predict pore pressure based on VSP in Yinggehai basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2014,26(4):20-24.
[4]余连勇,胡光义,赵岩,等.稳定的反Q滤波统一算法及其在地震资料高分辨率处理中的应用[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(4):29-33.Yu Lianyong,Hu Guangyi,Zhao Yan,et al.A unified algorithm of stable inverse Q filtering and its application to high-resolution processing of seismic data[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2014,26(4):29-33.
[5]DU Jinling,ZHANG Qinghang,FU Jinghui,et al.Adjustment of drilling trajectory onsite using multi-offset VSP technology[C].Technical Program,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2012:1-5.
[6]SAYED A,LAWU I,FRYER A,et al.Multi-well Walkaway VSP to resolve structural uncertainty in the Haynesville Shale Play[C].82nd Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2012:1-5.
[7]LEANEY W S,SACCHI M D,ULRYCH T J.Station-consistent deconvolution for multi-source borehole seismic data[C].Journal of Seismic Exploration,2009,18(3):229.
[8]王玉贵,王建民,王双喜,等.Walkaway VSP资料采集与处理技术实践[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010(增刊1):40-43.Wang Yugui,Wang Jianmin,Wang Shuangxi,et al.The technical practice for walkaway VSP data acquisition and processing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010(S1):40-43.
[9]姚忠瑞,何惺华,左建军,等.多方位Walk-away VSP处理方法[J].石油物探,2006,45(4):380-384.Yao Zhongrui,He Xinghua,Zuo Jianjun,et al.Multi-azimuth walk-away VSP data processing methods[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(4):380-384.
[10]余振,王彦春,何静.一种稳定的VSP反Q滤波方法[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(5):1676-1684.Yu Zhen,Wang Yanchun,He Jing.A stable inverse Q filtering for VSP[J].Progress in Geophysics,2010,25(5):1676-1684.
[11]严红勇,刘洋,赵前华,等.一种提高VSP分辨率的反Q滤波方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(6):873-880.Yan Hongyong,Liu Yang,Zhao Qianhua,et al.A method for improving VSP resolution by inverse Q filtering[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(6):873-880.
[12]范廷恩,余连勇,杨飞龙,等.斜井VSP高斯射线束正演方法[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(5):30-35.Fan Tingen,Yu Lianyong,Yang Feilong,et al.A method of Gaussian beam forward modeling in deriated-well VSP[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2014,26(5):30-35.
[13]ESMERSOY C.Inversion of P and S waves from multicomponent offset vertical seismic profiles[J].Geophysics,1990,55:39-50.
[14]LEANEY S W,ESMERSOY Y C.Parametric decomposition of offset VSP wave fields[C].59th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,1989:26-29.
[15]STOFFA P L,SEN M K.Nonlinear multiparameter optimization using genetic algorithms:inversion of plane-wave seismograms[J].Geophysics,1991,56:1794-1810.
[16]WANG Yanghua.A stable and efficient approach of inverse Q filtering[J].Geophysics,2002,67:657-663.
[17]WANG Yanghua.Inverse Q-filter for seismic resolution enhancement[J].Geophysics,2006,71:51-60.
[18]GUDDATI M N.Arbitrarily wide-angle wave equations for complex media[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,2006,195:65-93.
[19]GUDDATI M N,HEIDARI A H.Migration with arbitrarily wideangle wave equations[J].Geophysics,2005,70:61-70.