碳酸盐岩溶洞的“串珠”状地震反射特征形成机理研究
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摘要
本文采用一阶双曲型标量波动方程交错网格高阶有限差分法对薄层与溶洞的地震响应进行二维地震正演模拟,认为"串珠"状反射特征是溶洞顶、底反射以及微弱的溶洞顶、底间二次反射在偏移剖面上的响应;以塔里木哈拉哈塘海相碳酸盐岩实际地层参数为依据,设计了一个简化的水平层状地震地质模型(速度模型),通过三维地震物理模拟技术,对溶洞地震响应的瞬时振幅、均方根振幅、分频振幅和纵波阻抗体等四种属性进行了三维雕刻,得到了一种雕刻体积和真实体积的实验统计关系,认为前三种属性都将原本离散的"串珠"状转换成了连续的锥状振幅体,同时降低了纵向分辨率,而纵波阻抗剖面的纵向分辨率明显较其他属性剖面高。最后,针对各种属性剖面中存在的一些问题进行了讨论。
Using high-order staggering-grid finite difference method to solve the one-way hyperbolic scalar wave equation in inhomogeneous medium,we perform a 2D seismic forward modeling for caves and thin beds.The forward modeling reveals that the bead-like seismic reflection is the integrated response of cave's top reflection,cave's bottom reflection and faint multiple between cave's top and bottom in migrated profiles.In addition,according to the practical parameters of Halahatang marine carbonate reservoirs in Tarim Basin,a simplified layered physical model is constructed and the 3D physical simulating technology is performed on this model.The empirical relationship between attribute depiction volume and actual volume is obtained after analyzing the four attributes of caves' seismic responses,including instantaneous amplitude,RMS amplitude,monochromatic amplitude and P-wave impedance.Further study shows that the first three attributes transform discrete "beads" into continuous cone-shaped amplitude body and destruct the vertical resolution,while the P-wave impedance has a better vertical resolution.At last,some attributes in these profiles are discussed.
Using high-order staggering-grid finite difference method to solve the one-way hyperbolic scalar wave equation in inhomogeneous medium,we perform a 2D seismic forward modeling for caves and thin beds.The forward modeling reveals that the bead-like seismic reflection is the integrated response of cave's top reflection,cave's bottom reflection and faint multiple between cave's top and bottom in migrated profiles.In addition,according to the practical parameters of Halahatang marine carbonate reservoirs in Tarim Basin,a simplified layered physical model is constructed and the 3D physical simulating technology is performed on this model.The empirical relationship between attribute depiction volume and actual volume is obtained after analyzing the four attributes of caves' seismic responses,including instantaneous amplitude,RMS amplitude,monochromatic amplitude and P-wave impedance.Further study shows that the first three attributes transform discrete "beads" into continuous cone-shaped amplitude body and destruct the vertical resolution,while the P-wave impedance has a better vertical resolution.At last,some attributes in these profiles are discussed.
引文
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[3]姚姚,唐文榜.深层碳酸盐岩岩溶风化壳洞缝型油气藏可检测性的理沦研究.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6):623～629Yao Yao and Tang Wen-bang.Theoretical study ofdetectable cavern-fractured reservoir in weatheredKarst of deep carbonate.OGP,2003,38(6):623～629
[4]姚姚.菲涅尔带与洞缝型油气藏地震波场.石油物探,2005,44(5):491～494Yao Yao.Fresnel zone and seismic wave field in thefracture-vug reservoir.GPP,2005,44(5):491～494
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[7]郑四连,贺振华,黄德济.含溶洞介质地震记录正演.物探化探计算技术,2004,26(2):114～117Zheng Silian,He Zhenhua and Hang Deji.Seismicwavefileld numerical simulation of fractured reser-voir.Computing Techniques for Geophysical andGeochemical Exploration,2004,26(2):114～117
[8]吴永国,贺振华,黄德济.串珠状溶洞模型介质波动方程正演与偏移.地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):539～544Wu Yongguo,He Zhenhua and Huang Deji.Wave e-quation forward modeling and migration for beads-shaped corroded cave model.Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(2):539～544
[9]胡中平.溶洞地震波“串珠状”形成机理及识别方法.中国西部油气地质,2006,2(4):423～426Hu Zhongping.Mechanism and distinction method forthe seismic“string beads”characteristic.West ChinaPetroleum Geosciences,2006,2(4):423～426
[10]胡中平,李宗杰,赵群.碳酸盐岩溶洞发育区高精度地震勘探效果.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(1):83～87Hu Zhongping,Li Zongjie and Zhao Qun.High-preci-sion seismic exploration in carbonate Karst cave deve-loped area.OGP,2008,43(1):83～87
[11]朱生旺,曲寿利,魏修成等.通过压制共散射点道集映射噪声改善绕射波成像分辨率.石油物探,2010,49(2):107～114Zhu Shengwang,Qu Shouli,Wei Xiucheng et al.Toimprove imaging resolution by mapping noise attenua-tion on CSP gathers.GPP,2010,49(2):107～114
[12]董良国,黄超,刘玉柱等.溶洞地震反射波特征数值模拟研究.石油物探,2010,49(2):121～124Dong Liangguo,Huang Chao,Liu Yuzhu et al.Nu-merical simulation of seismic wave propagation in cavecarbonate reservoir.GPP,2010,49(2):121～124
[13]李胜军,刘伟方,高建虎.正演模拟技术在碳酸盐岩溶洞响应特征研究中的应用.岩性油气藏,2011,23(4):106～109Li Shengjun,Liu Weifang and Gao Jianhu.Applica-tion of forward modeling to research of carbonate caveresponse.Lithologic Reservoirs,2011,23(4):106～109
[14]魏建新,狄帮让,王立华.孔洞储层地震物理模拟研究.石油物探,2008,47(2):156～160Wei Jianxin,Di Bangrang and Wang Lihua.Seismicphysical modeling for cavern reservoir.GPP,2008,47(2):156～160
[15]王立华,魏建新,狄帮让.溶洞物理模型地震响应及其属性分析.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(3):291～296Wang Lihua,Wei Jianxin and Di Bangrang.Seismicresponse of Karst cave physical model and analysis ofits attributes.OGP,2008,43(3):291～296
[16]李凡异,魏建新,狄帮让.碳酸盐岩溶洞横向尺度变化的地震响应正演模拟.石油物探,2009,48(6):557～562Li Fanyi,Wei Jianxin and Di Bangrang.Forward sim-ulation of seismic response in carbonate caverns withvaried lateral scale.GPP,2009,48(6):557～562
[17]赵群,曲寿利,薛诗桂等.碳酸盐岩溶洞物理模型地震响应特征研究.石油物探,2010,49(7):351～358Zhao Qun,Qu Shouli,Xue Shigui et al.Study on theseismic response characteristics on the physical modelof carbonate cave.GPP,2010,49(7):351～358
[18]赵裕辉,胡建中,鲁新便等.碳酸盐岩缝洞型储集体识别与体积估算.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(5):720～724Zhao Yuhui,Hu Jianzhong,Lu Xinbian et al.Identifi-cation of carbonate fractured-vuggy reservoir and vol-ume estimation.OGP,2010,45(5):720～724
[19]刘学利,鲁新便.塔河油田缝洞储集体储集空间计算方法.新疆石油地质,2010,31(6):593～595Liu Xueli and Lu Xinbian.Volume calculation merhodfor fracture-cavity reservoir body in Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin.XinjiangPetroleum Geology,2010,31(6):593～595
[20]White R E.Properties of instantaneous seismic attrib-utes.The Leading Edge,1991,10(7):26～32
[21]卫俊平.时频分析技术及应用[硕士学位论文].陕西西安:西安电子科技大学,2005Wei Junping.Technique and application of time-fre-quency analysis[M].Shaanxi Xi’an:Xi’an Electronicand Science University,2005
[2]韩剑发,梅廉夫,潘文庆等.复杂碳酸盐岩油气藏建模及储量计算方法——以潜山油气储量计算为例.地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2007,32(2):267～278Han Jianfa,Mei Lianfu,Pan Wenqing et al.Complexcarbonate hydrocarbon reservoir modeling and reservecalculating:taking the buried carbonate hill oil-gaspool reserve calculation as an example.Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),2007,32(2):267～278
[3]姚姚,唐文榜.深层碳酸盐岩岩溶风化壳洞缝型油气藏可检测性的理沦研究.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6):623～629Yao Yao and Tang Wen-bang.Theoretical study ofdetectable cavern-fractured reservoir in weatheredKarst of deep carbonate.OGP,2003,38(6):623～629
[4]姚姚.菲涅尔带与洞缝型油气藏地震波场.石油物探,2005,44(5):491～494Yao Yao.Fresnel zone and seismic wave field in thefracture-vug reservoir.GPP,2005,44(5):491～494
[5]吴俊峰,姚姚,撒利明.碳酸盐岩特殊孔洞型构造地震响应特征分析.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):180～185Wu Junfeng,Yao Yao and Sa Liming.Analysis onseismic response of special cavernous structure of car-bonate.OGP,2007,42(2):180～185
[6]闵小刚,顾汉明,朱定.塔河油田孔洞模型的波动方程正演模拟.勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(3):187～191Min Xiaogang,Gu Hanming and Zhu Ding.Wave e-quation forward modeling of cavern models in Taheoilfield.Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2006,29(3):187～191
[7]郑四连,贺振华,黄德济.含溶洞介质地震记录正演.物探化探计算技术,2004,26(2):114～117Zheng Silian,He Zhenhua and Hang Deji.Seismicwavefileld numerical simulation of fractured reser-voir.Computing Techniques for Geophysical andGeochemical Exploration,2004,26(2):114～117
[8]吴永国,贺振华,黄德济.串珠状溶洞模型介质波动方程正演与偏移.地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):539～544Wu Yongguo,He Zhenhua and Huang Deji.Wave e-quation forward modeling and migration for beads-shaped corroded cave model.Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(2):539～544
[9]胡中平.溶洞地震波“串珠状”形成机理及识别方法.中国西部油气地质,2006,2(4):423～426Hu Zhongping.Mechanism and distinction method forthe seismic“string beads”characteristic.West ChinaPetroleum Geosciences,2006,2(4):423～426
[10]胡中平,李宗杰,赵群.碳酸盐岩溶洞发育区高精度地震勘探效果.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(1):83～87Hu Zhongping,Li Zongjie and Zhao Qun.High-preci-sion seismic exploration in carbonate Karst cave deve-loped area.OGP,2008,43(1):83～87
[11]朱生旺,曲寿利,魏修成等.通过压制共散射点道集映射噪声改善绕射波成像分辨率.石油物探,2010,49(2):107～114Zhu Shengwang,Qu Shouli,Wei Xiucheng et al.Toimprove imaging resolution by mapping noise attenua-tion on CSP gathers.GPP,2010,49(2):107～114
[12]董良国,黄超,刘玉柱等.溶洞地震反射波特征数值模拟研究.石油物探,2010,49(2):121～124Dong Liangguo,Huang Chao,Liu Yuzhu et al.Nu-merical simulation of seismic wave propagation in cavecarbonate reservoir.GPP,2010,49(2):121～124
[13]李胜军,刘伟方,高建虎.正演模拟技术在碳酸盐岩溶洞响应特征研究中的应用.岩性油气藏,2011,23(4):106～109Li Shengjun,Liu Weifang and Gao Jianhu.Applica-tion of forward modeling to research of carbonate caveresponse.Lithologic Reservoirs,2011,23(4):106～109
[14]魏建新,狄帮让,王立华.孔洞储层地震物理模拟研究.石油物探,2008,47(2):156～160Wei Jianxin,Di Bangrang and Wang Lihua.Seismicphysical modeling for cavern reservoir.GPP,2008,47(2):156～160
[15]王立华,魏建新,狄帮让.溶洞物理模型地震响应及其属性分析.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(3):291～296Wang Lihua,Wei Jianxin and Di Bangrang.Seismicresponse of Karst cave physical model and analysis ofits attributes.OGP,2008,43(3):291～296
[16]李凡异,魏建新,狄帮让.碳酸盐岩溶洞横向尺度变化的地震响应正演模拟.石油物探,2009,48(6):557～562Li Fanyi,Wei Jianxin and Di Bangrang.Forward sim-ulation of seismic response in carbonate caverns withvaried lateral scale.GPP,2009,48(6):557～562
[17]赵群,曲寿利,薛诗桂等.碳酸盐岩溶洞物理模型地震响应特征研究.石油物探,2010,49(7):351～358Zhao Qun,Qu Shouli,Xue Shigui et al.Study on theseismic response characteristics on the physical modelof carbonate cave.GPP,2010,49(7):351～358
[18]赵裕辉,胡建中,鲁新便等.碳酸盐岩缝洞型储集体识别与体积估算.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(5):720～724Zhao Yuhui,Hu Jianzhong,Lu Xinbian et al.Identifi-cation of carbonate fractured-vuggy reservoir and vol-ume estimation.OGP,2010,45(5):720～724
[19]刘学利,鲁新便.塔河油田缝洞储集体储集空间计算方法.新疆石油地质,2010,31(6):593～595Liu Xueli and Lu Xinbian.Volume calculation merhodfor fracture-cavity reservoir body in Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin.XinjiangPetroleum Geology,2010,31(6):593～595
[20]White R E.Properties of instantaneous seismic attrib-utes.The Leading Edge,1991,10(7):26～32
[21]卫俊平.时频分析技术及应用[硕士学位论文].陕西西安:西安电子科技大学,2005Wei Junping.Technique and application of time-fre-quency analysis[M].Shaanxi Xi’an:Xi’an Electronicand Science University,2005
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