塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系鹰山组碳酸盐岩孔洞发育规律研究
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摘要
孔洞是碳酸盐岩储层最基本的储集空间类型,对其发育特征和分布规律的研究一直是油气勘探研究的重点和难点。塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系鹰山组发育大型层间岩溶裂缝孔洞型储层,目前在该区已发现亿吨级大型凝析气田,具有良好的勘探潜力,但对于碳酸盐岩孔洞发育规律还缺乏深入的认识。根据岩心观察、成像测井分析以及地震属性提取,详细论述了塔中地区鹰山组碳酸盐岩孔洞发育特征、控制因素及分布规律。鹰山组碳酸盐岩孔洞较为发育,洞穴大多分布在距鹰山组顶部以下120m的范围之内,且洞穴发育具有明显的井区差异性;中小型溶蚀孔洞纵向上叠置,横向上具有良好的层位性和成层性,平面上大面积分布,在局部具有较强的非均质性和穿层性。孔洞发育主要受岩性岩相、层间岩溶、埋藏岩溶、构造断裂作用的叠合影响,尤其是层间岩溶和埋藏岩溶作用,能导致孔洞发育层位差异性。孔洞的发育为塔中地区鹰山组油气藏提供良好的储集空间,不仅能形成孔洞型储层和洞穴型储层,而且发育的孔洞与裂缝相连通,形成该地区重要的裂缝孔洞型储层。
Vug is a basic reservoir type of carbonate reservoir,but it is always highlight and difficulty in the research of vugular formation and distribution for the petroleum exploration.The large scale interstratal karst fissure-pore reservoir is discovered in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the Tazhong northern slope of Tarim basin.At present,the large scale condensate field with 108 ton-reserves has been discovered,suggesting that it has favorable exploration potential.But the understanding for the vugular formation and distribution in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation carbonate is poor.According to observed core,well-logging analysis combined with seismic attribute extraction,we illustrate the characteristics and distribution of vugular in the Yingshan Formation carbonate reservoir of Tazhong area and discuss its controlling factors.The vugs are relatively developed,but the most of them are distributed under the top of Yingshan Formation 120m,and the vug formation is different between different well areas.Middle and small size vug is overlying in vertical,favorable horizon and bedding in horizontal and wide in plane,with relative strong aeolotropism and crossing layer in some parts.The vug formation is mainly controlled by mutual actions among lithofacies,interstratal karst,buried karst and fault,especially interstratal karst and buried karst caused the stratigraphic contrast of vug formation.The vugs give the favorable reservoir space for hydrocarbon accumulation in the Tazhong area;it not only composes of vug-and cave-reservoir,but also is an important fissure-pore reservoir.
Vug is a basic reservoir type of carbonate reservoir,but it is always highlight and difficulty in the research of vugular formation and distribution for the petroleum exploration.The large scale interstratal karst fissure-pore reservoir is discovered in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the Tazhong northern slope of Tarim basin.At present,the large scale condensate field with 108 ton-reserves has been discovered,suggesting that it has favorable exploration potential.But the understanding for the vugular formation and distribution in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation carbonate is poor.According to observed core,well-logging analysis combined with seismic attribute extraction,we illustrate the characteristics and distribution of vugular in the Yingshan Formation carbonate reservoir of Tazhong area and discuss its controlling factors.The vugs are relatively developed,but the most of them are distributed under the top of Yingshan Formation 120m,and the vug formation is different between different well areas.Middle and small size vug is overlying in vertical,favorable horizon and bedding in horizontal and wide in plane,with relative strong aeolotropism and crossing layer in some parts.The vug formation is mainly controlled by mutual actions among lithofacies,interstratal karst,buried karst and fault,especially interstratal karst and buried karst caused the stratigraphic contrast of vug formation.The vugs give the favorable reservoir space for hydrocarbon accumulation in the Tazhong area;it not only composes of vug-and cave-reservoir,but also is an important fissure-pore reservoir.
引文
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[18]Yang Haijun,Han Jianfa,Chen Lixin,et al.Characteristicsand patterns of complex hydrocarbon accumulation in thelower Paleozoic carbonate rocks of the Tazhong palaeouplift[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(6):784-790.[杨海军,韩剑发,陈利新,等.塔中古隆起下古生界碳酸盐岩油气复式成藏特征及模式[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):784-790.]
[19]Yang Haijun,Zhu Guangyou,Han Jianfa,et al.Conditions andmechanism of hydrocarbon accumulation in large reef-bankkarst oil-gas fields of Tazhong area,Tarim basin[J].ActaPetrologica Sinica,2011,27(6):1865-1885.[杨海军,朱光有,韩剑发,等.塔里木盆地塔中礁滩体大油气田成藏条件与成藏机制研究[J].岩石学报,2011,27(6):1865-1885.]
[20]Yang Haijun,Wu Guanghui,Han Jianfa,et al.Characteristicsof hydrocarbon enrichment along the Ordovician carbonateplatform margin in the central uplift of Tarim basin[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica,2007,28(4):26-30.[杨海军,邬光辉,韩剑发,等.塔里木盆地中央隆起带奥陶系碳酸盐岩台缘带油气富集特征[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):26-30.]
[21]Wang Fuhuan,Wang Zhaoming,Han Jianfa,et al.Geologicalconditions of oil and gas enrichment in carbonate reservoirs ofTazhong area,Tarim basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(5):695-702.[王福焕,王招明,韩剑发,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区碳酸盐岩油气富集的地质条件[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(5):695-702.]
[2]Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen.Major factors controlling the for-mation of middle and large marine carbonate stratigraphicfields[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2007,52(supplement I):32-39.[邹才能,陶士振.海相碳酸盐岩大中型岩性地层油气田形成的主要控制因素[J].科学通报,2007,52(增刊):32-39.]
[3]Wang Zhaoming,Yu Hongfeng,Ji Yungang,et al.Key tech-nologies for discovery of giant marine carbonate oil-gas fieldsin Tazhong area,Tarim basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geolo-gy,2011,32(3):219-223.[王招明,于红枫,吉云刚,等.塔中地区海相碳酸盐岩特大型油气田发现的关键技术[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(3):219-223.]
[4]Yang Haijun,Han Jianfa,Sun Chonghao,et al.A developmentmodel and petroleum exploration of karst reservoirs of OrdovicianYingshan Formation in the northern slope of Tazhong palaeouplift[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(2):199-205.[杨海军,韩剑发,孙崇浩,等.塔中北斜坡奥陶系鹰山组岩溶型储层发育模式与油气勘探[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):199-205.]
[5]Shen Anjiang,Wang Zhaoming,Yang Haijun,et al.Genesisclassification and characteristics of Ordovician carbonate res-ervoirs and petroleum exploration potential in Tazhong re-gion,Tarim basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2006,11(4):1-12.[沈安江,王招明,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层成因类型、特征及油气勘探潜力[J].海相油气地质,2006,11(4):1-12.]
[6]Miao Jijun,Jia Chengzao,Zou Caineng,et al.Characteristicsand exploration fields of paleo-karst reservoirs at the top ofearly Ordovician in central Tarim uplift[J].Natural Gas Geo-science,2007,18(4):497-500.[苗继军,贾承造,邹才能,等.塔中地区下奥陶统岩溶风化壳储层特征与勘探领域[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(4):497-500.]
[7]Han Jianfa,Yu Hongfeng,Zhang Haizu,et al.Characteristicsof hydrocarbon enrichment in the lower Ordovician carbonaterock weathering crust on the northern slope zone of Tazhongarea[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(2):167-173.[韩剑发,于红枫,张海祖,等.塔中地区北部斜坡带下奥陶统碳酸盐岩风化壳油气富集特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(2):167-173.]
[8]Yang Debin,Zhu Guangyou,Liu Jiajun,et al.Distribution ofglobal condensate gas field and major factors controlling itsformation[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2010,17(1):339-349.[杨德彬,朱光有,刘家军,等.全球大型凝析气田的分布特征及其形成主控因素[J].地学前缘,2010,17(1):339-349.]
[9]Jia Chengzao,Wei Guoqi,Yao Huijun,et al.Structural Evolu-tion and Regional Structural Geology in Tarim Basin[M].Bei-jing:Petroleum Industry Press,1995.[贾承造,魏国齐,姚慧君,等.塔里木盆地构造演化与区域构造地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.]
[10]Cai Xiyao,Qian Yixiong,Chen Yue,et al.Division and corre-lation of middle-lower Ordovician in Tazhong area,Tarim ba-sin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2007,28(3):292-295.[蔡习尧,钱一雄,陈跃,等.塔中地区中下奥陶统划分与对比[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(3):292-295.]
[11]Zhao Xuefeng,Zhu Guangyou,Liu Qinfu,et al.Main controlfactors of pore development in deep marine carbonate reser-voirs[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(4):514-521.[赵雪凤,朱光有,刘钦甫,等.深部海相碳酸盐岩储层孔隙发育的主控因素研究[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(4):514-521.]
[12]Zhu Dongya,Jin Zhijun,Hu Wenxuan,et al.Effects of deepfluid on carbonates reservoir in Tarim basin[J].GeologicalReviews,2008,54(3):348-354.[朱东亚,金之钧,胡文瑄,等.塔里木盆地深部流体对碳酸盐岩储层影响[J].地质论评,2008,54(3):348-354.]
[13]Wang Simin,Lv Xiuxiang.Features and petroleum significanceof Ordovician carbonate reservoir in Tazhong area,Talimu ba-sin[J].Journal of Xi′an Shiyou University:Natural Science E-dition,2004,19(4):72-76.[王嗣敏,吕修祥.塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及其油气意义[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2004,19(4):72-76.]
[14]Moore C H.Carbonate reservoirs porosity evolution and dia-genesis in a sequence stratigraphic framework[J].Develop-ments in Sedimentology,2001,55:1-423.
[15]Yang Wei,Wei Guoqi,Wang Qinghua,et al.Carbonate rockreservoir and constructive diagenesis of Ordovician in Hetian-he gas field,Tarim basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2003,14(3):191-194.[杨威,魏国齐,王清华,等.和田河气田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及建设性成岩作用[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(3):191-194.]
[16]Qu Haizhou,Wang Fuhuan,Wang Zhenyu,et al.Developmentand evolution pattern of paleo-karst in slope of northernTazhong area[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2011,32(3):257-261.[屈海洲,王福焕,王振宇,等.塔中北部斜坡带古岩溶发育特征及演化模式[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(3):257-261.]
[17]Wu Fangfang,Zhu Guangyou,Wang Hui,et al.Multiple hy-drocarbon migration and accumulation of TZ12structure,Ta-rim basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(1):76-85.[武芳芳,朱光有,王慧,等.塔里木盆地塔中12构造复式油气运聚与成藏研究[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(1):76-85.]
[18]Yang Haijun,Han Jianfa,Chen Lixin,et al.Characteristicsand patterns of complex hydrocarbon accumulation in thelower Paleozoic carbonate rocks of the Tazhong palaeouplift[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(6):784-790.[杨海军,韩剑发,陈利新,等.塔中古隆起下古生界碳酸盐岩油气复式成藏特征及模式[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):784-790.]
[19]Yang Haijun,Zhu Guangyou,Han Jianfa,et al.Conditions andmechanism of hydrocarbon accumulation in large reef-bankkarst oil-gas fields of Tazhong area,Tarim basin[J].ActaPetrologica Sinica,2011,27(6):1865-1885.[杨海军,朱光有,韩剑发,等.塔里木盆地塔中礁滩体大油气田成藏条件与成藏机制研究[J].岩石学报,2011,27(6):1865-1885.]
[20]Yang Haijun,Wu Guanghui,Han Jianfa,et al.Characteristicsof hydrocarbon enrichment along the Ordovician carbonateplatform margin in the central uplift of Tarim basin[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica,2007,28(4):26-30.[杨海军,邬光辉,韩剑发,等.塔里木盆地中央隆起带奥陶系碳酸盐岩台缘带油气富集特征[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):26-30.]
[21]Wang Fuhuan,Wang Zhaoming,Han Jianfa,et al.Geologicalconditions of oil and gas enrichment in carbonate reservoirs ofTazhong area,Tarim basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(5):695-702.[王福焕,王招明,韩剑发,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区碳酸盐岩油气富集的地质条件[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(5):695-702.]
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