华北东北部的面波相速度层析成像研究
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摘要
本文用华北临时地震台阵197个宽频带台站2006年12月～2007年6月记录的面波资料,用双台法测定了435条路径上周期8～75 s的基阶瑞利波相速度频散曲线.通过Ditmar & Yanovskaya方法反演得到33个周期分辨率为30～50 km的相速度分布图像.分析研究了4个具有代表性周期的相速度分布图像,这些图像揭示了华北东北部地壳上地幔速度结构的横向非均匀性质.10 s周期的相速度分布图像清晰地勾绘出了华北东北部盆地与山区及其内部次级构造单元的边界,平原与山区的相速度存在明显的差异;华北东北部6级以上的强震大都分布在16 s周期高相速度与低相速度急剧变化的过渡带上,规模较大的断裂也大部分位于过渡带的边界附近;在研究区域中部,26 s周期的相速度出现一个明显的呈北东向展布的相速度梯度带,该梯度带与重力梯度带位置相近,说明该重力梯度带两侧的地壳速度结构差异较大.
By using the surface waves recorded by 197 broadband stations of the temporary seismic array in North China during Dec.2006 and June,2007,the dispersion curvesfor the period between 8 and 75 s along 435 paths were obtained by the two station method.The phase velocity images with a resolution of 30～50 km for 33 periods were obtained by using the algorithm developed by Ditmar and Yanovskaya.We analyzed the phase velocity images for four typical periods.These images revealed the heterogeneity of the crustal and upper mantle velocity structure in the northeastern part of North China.The phase velocity image for the period of 10 s clearly sketches the border of the sub-tectonic units between the mountain and basin areas in North China.The phase velocities are very different between the mountain and basin areas. Strong earthquakes (M≥6) mostly located at the transition zones of higher and lower velocity anomalies in the images for the period of 16 s.The large-scale ruptures were also near the edges of the transition zones.In the center of the research area,a remarkable gradient zone of the phase velocity was in the NE orientation in the image for the period of 26 s.The location of the gradient zone of the phase velocity is close to the gradient zone of the gravity,which implies the crust velocity structure along one side of the gravity gradient zone has a lager difference from that along the other side.
By using the surface waves recorded by 197 broadband stations of the temporary seismic array in North China during Dec.2006 and June,2007,the dispersion curvesfor the period between 8 and 75 s along 435 paths were obtained by the two station method.The phase velocity images with a resolution of 30～50 km for 33 periods were obtained by using the algorithm developed by Ditmar and Yanovskaya.We analyzed the phase velocity images for four typical periods.These images revealed the heterogeneity of the crustal and upper mantle velocity structure in the northeastern part of North China.The phase velocity image for the period of 10 s clearly sketches the border of the sub-tectonic units between the mountain and basin areas in North China.The phase velocities are very different between the mountain and basin areas. Strong earthquakes (M≥6) mostly located at the transition zones of higher and lower velocity anomalies in the images for the period of 16 s.The large-scale ruptures were also near the edges of the transition zones.In the center of the research area,a remarkable gradient zone of the phase velocity was in the NE orientation in the image for the period of 26 s.The location of the gradient zone of the phase velocity is close to the gradient zone of the gravity,which implies the crust velocity structure along one side of the gravity gradient zone has a lager difference from that along the other side.
引文
[1] 朱露培,曾融生,刘福田.京津唐张地区地壳上地幔三维P波速度结构.地球物理学报,1 990． 30(3) :267～277 Zhu L P,Zeng R S,Liu F T.Three-dimensional P wave velocity structure under the Beijing network area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1990,30(3) :267～277
[2] 于湘伟,陈运泰,王培德.京津唐地区中上地壳三维P波速度结构.地震学报.2003,25(1) :1～14 Yu X W,Chen Y T,Wang P D.Three-dimensional P wave velocity structure in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area.Acta Seismol.Sin.(in Chinese),2003,25(1) :1～14
[3] 王志铄,王椿镛,曾融生.华北及邻区地壳上地幔三维速度结构的地震走时层析成像.CT理论与应用研究,2008,17(2) :15～27 Wang Z S,Wang C Y,Zeng R S.Tomographic imaging of P and S wave velocity structure beneath north China and its vicinity.CT Theory and Applications(in Chinese),2008,17(2) :15～27
[4] Huang J,Zhao D.Crustal heterogeneity and seismotectonics of the region around Beijing,China.Tectonophysics,2004,385:159～180
[5] 齐减,赵大鹏,陈顒等.首都圈地区地壳P波和s波三维速度结构及其与大地震的关系.地球物理学报,2006,49(3) :805～815 QiC,Zhao D P,Chen Y,et al.3-D P and S wave velocity structures and their relationship to strong earthquakes in the Chinese capital region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 2006,49(3) :805～815
[6] 嘉世旭,齐诚,王夫运等.首都圈地壳网格化三维结构.地球物理学报,2005,48(6) :1316～1324 Jia S X,Qi C,Wang F Y,et al.Three dimensional crustal gridded structure of the Capital area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(6) :1316～1324
[7] 朱介寿,曹家敏,严忠琼.中国及邻区瑞利面波高分辨率层析成像及其地球动力学意义.中国地质,2007,34(5) :759～767 Zhu J S,Cao J M,Yah Z Q.High-resolution Rayleigh surface wave tomographic imaging o{ China and adjacent regions and its geodynamic implications.Geology in China(in Chinese),2007,34(5) :759～767
[8] Yanovskaya T B,Kozhevnikov V M.3D S-wave velocity pattern in the upper mantle beneath the continent of Asia from Rayleigh wave data.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,2003,138:263～278
[9] Huang Z X,Su W,Peng Y J,et al.Rayleigh wave tomography of China and adjacent regions.J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B2) :4-1～14
[10] 何正勤,丁志峰,叶太兰等.中国大陆及其邻域的面波群速度与地壳上地幔速度结构.地震学报,2002． 24(3) :252～259 He Z Q,Ding Z F,Ye T L,et al.Group velocity distribution of Rayleigh waves and crustal and upper mantle velocity structure of the Chinese mainland and its vicinity.Acta Seismological Sinica(in Chinese),2002,24(3) :252～259
[11] Prindle K,Tanimoto T.Teleseismic surface wave study for S-wave velocity structure under an array:Southern California.Geophys.J.Int.,2006,166:601～621
[12] 徐果明,李光品,王善恩等.用瑞利面波资料反演中国大陆东部地壳上地幔横波速度的三维构造.地球物理学报,2000,43(3) :366～376 Xu G M,Li G P,Wang S E,et al.The 3-D structure of shear waves in the crust and mantle of east continental China inverted by Rayleigh wave data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,43(3) :366～376
[13] 徐果明,姚华建.朱良保等.中国西部及其邻域地壳上地幔横波速度结构.地球物理学报,2007,50(1) :1 93～208 Xu G M,Yao H J,Zhu L B,et al.Shear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle in western China and its adjacent area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(1) :193～208
[14] He Z Q,YeT L,SuW.3-D velocity structure of the middle and upper crust in the Yunnan Region.Pure Appl.Geophys,2005,1662(12) :2355～2368
[15] Shapiro N M,Campillo M,Stehly L,et al.High resolution surface wave tomography from ambient noise.Science,2005,307:1615～1618
[16] Yao H,Vander Hilst R D.De Hoop M V.Surface-wave array tomography in SE Tibet ftom ambient seismic noise and two-station analysis-I.Phase velocity maps.Geophys.J.Int.,2006,166:732～744
[17] 陈国英,宋仲和,安昌强等.华北地区地壳上地幔结构.地球物 理学报,1991,34(2) :172～181 Chen G Y,Song Z H,An C Q,et al.Three-dimensional crust and upper mantle structure of the North region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1991,34(2) :172～181
[18] 汪一鹏,邓起东,朱世龙.华北地区岩石圈动力学特征.见:马杏垣主编.中国岩石圈动力学地图集.北京:中国地图出版社,1989 Wang Y P,Deng Q D,Zhu S L.Lithospheric dynamics of North China.In:Ma X Y ed.Lithospheric Dynamics Atias of China(in Chinese).Beijing:China Cartographic Publishing House,1989
[19] 邓起东等.中国活动断层分布图(1:400万).北京:科学出版社,2004 Deng Q D,et al.Distribution of Active Fault in China(1:4000000) (in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2004
[20] 冯锐,朱介寿,丁韫玉等.利用地震面波研究中国地壳结构.地震学报,1981,3(4) :335～349 Feng R,Zhu J S,Ding Y Y,et al.Crustal structure in China from surface wave.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1981,3(4) :335～349
[21] 姚华建,徐果明,肖 翔等.基于图像分析的双台面波相速度频散曲线快速提取方法.地震地磁观测与研究,2004,25(1) :1～8 Yao H J,Xu G M,Xiao X,et al.A quick tracing method based determination of dual stations surface wave on image analysis technique for the phase velocities dispersion curve of surface wave.Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),2004,25(1) :1～8
[22] Ditmar P G,Yanovskaya T B.Generalization of Backus-Gilbert method for estimation lateral variations of surface wave velocities.Phys.Solid Earth,Izvestia Acad.Sci U. S.S.R.,1987,23(61) :470~477
[23] Yanovskaya T B,Ditmar P G.Smoothness criteria in surfacewave tomography.Geophys,J.Int,1990,102(1) :63～72
[24] 张振生,黎英,王冰.冀中坳陷陆相地层层序地层学的应用.石油学报,1997,18(2) :26～33 Zhang Z S,Li Y,Wang B.An application of sequence stratigraphy in continental deposit of Jizhong Depression.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),1997,18(2) :26～33
[25] 李乐,陈棋福,陈顺.首都圈地震活动构造成因的小震精定位分析.地球物理学进展,2007,22(1) :24～34 Li L,Chen Q F,Chen Y.Relocated seismicity in Big Beijing area and its tectonic implication.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(1) :24～34
[26] 嘉世旭,张先康.华北不同构造块体地壳结构及其对比研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(3) :611～620 Jia S X,Zhang X K.Crustal structure and comparison of different tectonic blocks in North China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3) :611～620
[27] 冯锐,郑书真,黄桂芳等.华北地区重力场与沉积层构造.地球物理学报,1989,32(4) :385～398 Feng R,Zheng S Z,Huang G F,et al.Gravity field and structure of the sedimentary layer in North China.ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),1989,32(4) :385～398
[28] 徐义刚.太行山重力梯度带的形成与华北岩石圈减薄的时空差异性有关.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,1996,31(3) :14～22 Xu Y G.Formation of the Taihangshan gravity lineament by the diachronous lithospheric thinning of the North China Craton.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences(in Chinese),1996,31(3) :14～22
[2] 于湘伟,陈运泰,王培德.京津唐地区中上地壳三维P波速度结构.地震学报.2003,25(1) :1～14 Yu X W,Chen Y T,Wang P D.Three-dimensional P wave velocity structure in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area.Acta Seismol.Sin.(in Chinese),2003,25(1) :1～14
[3] 王志铄,王椿镛,曾融生.华北及邻区地壳上地幔三维速度结构的地震走时层析成像.CT理论与应用研究,2008,17(2) :15～27 Wang Z S,Wang C Y,Zeng R S.Tomographic imaging of P and S wave velocity structure beneath north China and its vicinity.CT Theory and Applications(in Chinese),2008,17(2) :15～27
[4] Huang J,Zhao D.Crustal heterogeneity and seismotectonics of the region around Beijing,China.Tectonophysics,2004,385:159～180
[5] 齐减,赵大鹏,陈顒等.首都圈地区地壳P波和s波三维速度结构及其与大地震的关系.地球物理学报,2006,49(3) :805～815 QiC,Zhao D P,Chen Y,et al.3-D P and S wave velocity structures and their relationship to strong earthquakes in the Chinese capital region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 2006,49(3) :805～815
[6] 嘉世旭,齐诚,王夫运等.首都圈地壳网格化三维结构.地球物理学报,2005,48(6) :1316～1324 Jia S X,Qi C,Wang F Y,et al.Three dimensional crustal gridded structure of the Capital area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(6) :1316～1324
[7] 朱介寿,曹家敏,严忠琼.中国及邻区瑞利面波高分辨率层析成像及其地球动力学意义.中国地质,2007,34(5) :759～767 Zhu J S,Cao J M,Yah Z Q.High-resolution Rayleigh surface wave tomographic imaging o{ China and adjacent regions and its geodynamic implications.Geology in China(in Chinese),2007,34(5) :759～767
[8] Yanovskaya T B,Kozhevnikov V M.3D S-wave velocity pattern in the upper mantle beneath the continent of Asia from Rayleigh wave data.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,2003,138:263～278
[9] Huang Z X,Su W,Peng Y J,et al.Rayleigh wave tomography of China and adjacent regions.J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B2) :4-1～14
[10] 何正勤,丁志峰,叶太兰等.中国大陆及其邻域的面波群速度与地壳上地幔速度结构.地震学报,2002． 24(3) :252～259 He Z Q,Ding Z F,Ye T L,et al.Group velocity distribution of Rayleigh waves and crustal and upper mantle velocity structure of the Chinese mainland and its vicinity.Acta Seismological Sinica(in Chinese),2002,24(3) :252～259
[11] Prindle K,Tanimoto T.Teleseismic surface wave study for S-wave velocity structure under an array:Southern California.Geophys.J.Int.,2006,166:601～621
[12] 徐果明,李光品,王善恩等.用瑞利面波资料反演中国大陆东部地壳上地幔横波速度的三维构造.地球物理学报,2000,43(3) :366～376 Xu G M,Li G P,Wang S E,et al.The 3-D structure of shear waves in the crust and mantle of east continental China inverted by Rayleigh wave data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,43(3) :366～376
[13] 徐果明,姚华建.朱良保等.中国西部及其邻域地壳上地幔横波速度结构.地球物理学报,2007,50(1) :1 93～208 Xu G M,Yao H J,Zhu L B,et al.Shear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle in western China and its adjacent area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(1) :193～208
[14] He Z Q,YeT L,SuW.3-D velocity structure of the middle and upper crust in the Yunnan Region.Pure Appl.Geophys,2005,1662(12) :2355～2368
[15] Shapiro N M,Campillo M,Stehly L,et al.High resolution surface wave tomography from ambient noise.Science,2005,307:1615～1618
[16] Yao H,Vander Hilst R D.De Hoop M V.Surface-wave array tomography in SE Tibet ftom ambient seismic noise and two-station analysis-I.Phase velocity maps.Geophys.J.Int.,2006,166:732～744
[17] 陈国英,宋仲和,安昌强等.华北地区地壳上地幔结构.地球物 理学报,1991,34(2) :172～181 Chen G Y,Song Z H,An C Q,et al.Three-dimensional crust and upper mantle structure of the North region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1991,34(2) :172～181
[18] 汪一鹏,邓起东,朱世龙.华北地区岩石圈动力学特征.见:马杏垣主编.中国岩石圈动力学地图集.北京:中国地图出版社,1989 Wang Y P,Deng Q D,Zhu S L.Lithospheric dynamics of North China.In:Ma X Y ed.Lithospheric Dynamics Atias of China(in Chinese).Beijing:China Cartographic Publishing House,1989
[19] 邓起东等.中国活动断层分布图(1:400万).北京:科学出版社,2004 Deng Q D,et al.Distribution of Active Fault in China(1:4000000) (in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2004
[20] 冯锐,朱介寿,丁韫玉等.利用地震面波研究中国地壳结构.地震学报,1981,3(4) :335～349 Feng R,Zhu J S,Ding Y Y,et al.Crustal structure in China from surface wave.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1981,3(4) :335～349
[21] 姚华建,徐果明,肖 翔等.基于图像分析的双台面波相速度频散曲线快速提取方法.地震地磁观测与研究,2004,25(1) :1～8 Yao H J,Xu G M,Xiao X,et al.A quick tracing method based determination of dual stations surface wave on image analysis technique for the phase velocities dispersion curve of surface wave.Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),2004,25(1) :1～8
[22] Ditmar P G,Yanovskaya T B.Generalization of Backus-Gilbert method for estimation lateral variations of surface wave velocities.Phys.Solid Earth,Izvestia Acad.Sci U. S.S.R.,1987,23(61) :470~477
[23] Yanovskaya T B,Ditmar P G.Smoothness criteria in surfacewave tomography.Geophys,J.Int,1990,102(1) :63～72
[24] 张振生,黎英,王冰.冀中坳陷陆相地层层序地层学的应用.石油学报,1997,18(2) :26～33 Zhang Z S,Li Y,Wang B.An application of sequence stratigraphy in continental deposit of Jizhong Depression.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),1997,18(2) :26～33
[25] 李乐,陈棋福,陈顺.首都圈地震活动构造成因的小震精定位分析.地球物理学进展,2007,22(1) :24～34 Li L,Chen Q F,Chen Y.Relocated seismicity in Big Beijing area and its tectonic implication.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(1) :24～34
[26] 嘉世旭,张先康.华北不同构造块体地壳结构及其对比研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(3) :611～620 Jia S X,Zhang X K.Crustal structure and comparison of different tectonic blocks in North China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3) :611～620
[27] 冯锐,郑书真,黄桂芳等.华北地区重力场与沉积层构造.地球物理学报,1989,32(4) :385～398 Feng R,Zheng S Z,Huang G F,et al.Gravity field and structure of the sedimentary layer in North China.ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),1989,32(4) :385～398
[28] 徐义刚.太行山重力梯度带的形成与华北岩石圈减薄的时空差异性有关.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,1996,31(3) :14～22 Xu Y G.Formation of the Taihangshan gravity lineament by the diachronous lithospheric thinning of the North China Craton.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences(in Chinese),1996,31(3) :14～22
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