云南腾冲火山区地壳及岩石圈厚度研究
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摘要
使用云南腾冲火山监测台网9个宽频带地震台站的远震数据,采用P波和S波接收函数的方法研究了腾冲火山区的地壳厚度、泊松比值以及岩石圈和软流圈分界面(LAB)深度.研究结果表明:1)云南腾冲火山区的地壳厚度约在33.5~38.0km之间;2)火山区的泊松比主要集中范围为0.26~0.32,其中6个台站均大于0.29,推测与地壳镁铁质成分的增加有关并且可能存有2个岩浆囊;3)火山区的岩石圈厚度在78.2~88.0km,较周边地区明显隆起且横向差异较大.腾冲火山区岩石圈的明显穹隆,由软流圈上涌(地幔热物质上升)引起岩石圈的拉张与减薄所致.
Tengchong Volcano Area(24°40′—25°30′N,98°15′—98°45′E)is one of the most famous and youngest volcano-active areas in China.It is located on the northeast side of the collision belt between the Indian and Euroasian plates.It is a part of Myanmar Arc seismic structure,belonging to the Himalayan strong-earthquake belt.There are 68 volcanoes distributed in the region of 90 km long in the north-south direction and 50 km wide in the east-west direction.Among them are 4Holocene(Q4)volcanoes,18Late-Pleistocene(Q3)volcanoes,and 38EarlyPleistocene(Q1)volcanoes.To study the geologic evolution and volcanic activity of the Tengchong Volcano Area,we need to investigate the variation of crustal thickness and the distribution of the Poisson′s ratio in the area,as well as the detailed thickness and topography of the lithosphere.We use the seismic data observed by 9digital broadband stations of Tengchong EarthquakeMonitoring Net from July 2007 through December 2011.The P receiver functions are used tostudy the crustal thickness and the Poisson′s ratio in the region,while the converted phases at the Moho and the LAB in the S receiver functions are utilized to get the depths of the Moho and the LAB.To reduce the noises and remove the effect of the heterogeneity,we stack the P and S receiver functions beneath each station,respectively,to get an averaged trace of P receiver functions and an average trace of S receiver functions.Before the stacking of the weak converted phases from the Moho and the LAB,each seismic event is moveout corrected to the reference epicentral distance of 67degree(corresponding to the ray parameter of 6.40s/deg).Based on the IAS91 model,the receiver functions are transformed from the time domain to the depth domain.1)The crustal thickness of Tengchong Volcanic Area ranges from 33.5to 38.0km.2)The Poisson′s ratio of the area mainly varies from 0.26 to 0.32.The ratio beneath 6stations is over0.29,which is attributed to the increase of mafic component in the crust.There may exist two magma chambers.3)The thickness of the lithosphere ranges from 78.2to 88.0km.The crustal thickness of Tengchong Volcanic Area ranges from 33.5to 38.0km,with a feature of being thick at the north and south ends but thin in the middle(or the Moho is uplifted in the middle part).The Poisson′s ratio is between 0.262 and 0.322.Six stations present high Poisson′s ratio,and the crust may be partially melted in some local areas.There probably exist two magma chambers on the east side of Mazhang and the area of Tengchong-Shaba,but their scopes need further determination.The thickness of the lithosphere ranges from 78.2to 88.0km,being thinner than that of the surrounding area.In the center of the volcano area(i.e.,the convergence between the Tengchong volcanic fault and the Yingjiang-Longchuan fault),both the crust and the lithosphere are uplifted.The lithosphere presents a dome shape obviously,caused by the extension and thinning of the lithosphere by the upwelling of the asthenosphere(or the uplift of mantle hot materials).
Tengchong Volcano Area(24°40′—25°30′N,98°15′—98°45′E)is one of the most famous and youngest volcano-active areas in China.It is located on the northeast side of the collision belt between the Indian and Euroasian plates.It is a part of Myanmar Arc seismic structure,belonging to the Himalayan strong-earthquake belt.There are 68 volcanoes distributed in the region of 90 km long in the north-south direction and 50 km wide in the east-west direction.Among them are 4Holocene(Q4)volcanoes,18Late-Pleistocene(Q3)volcanoes,and 38EarlyPleistocene(Q1)volcanoes.To study the geologic evolution and volcanic activity of the Tengchong Volcano Area,we need to investigate the variation of crustal thickness and the distribution of the Poisson′s ratio in the area,as well as the detailed thickness and topography of the lithosphere.We use the seismic data observed by 9digital broadband stations of Tengchong EarthquakeMonitoring Net from July 2007 through December 2011.The P receiver functions are used tostudy the crustal thickness and the Poisson′s ratio in the region,while the converted phases at the Moho and the LAB in the S receiver functions are utilized to get the depths of the Moho and the LAB.To reduce the noises and remove the effect of the heterogeneity,we stack the P and S receiver functions beneath each station,respectively,to get an averaged trace of P receiver functions and an average trace of S receiver functions.Before the stacking of the weak converted phases from the Moho and the LAB,each seismic event is moveout corrected to the reference epicentral distance of 67degree(corresponding to the ray parameter of 6.40s/deg).Based on the IAS91 model,the receiver functions are transformed from the time domain to the depth domain.1)The crustal thickness of Tengchong Volcanic Area ranges from 33.5to 38.0km.2)The Poisson′s ratio of the area mainly varies from 0.26 to 0.32.The ratio beneath 6stations is over0.29,which is attributed to the increase of mafic component in the crust.There may exist two magma chambers.3)The thickness of the lithosphere ranges from 78.2to 88.0km.The crustal thickness of Tengchong Volcanic Area ranges from 33.5to 38.0km,with a feature of being thick at the north and south ends but thin in the middle(or the Moho is uplifted in the middle part).The Poisson′s ratio is between 0.262 and 0.322.Six stations present high Poisson′s ratio,and the crust may be partially melted in some local areas.There probably exist two magma chambers on the east side of Mazhang and the area of Tengchong-Shaba,but their scopes need further determination.The thickness of the lithosphere ranges from 78.2to 88.0km,being thinner than that of the surrounding area.In the center of the volcano area(i.e.,the convergence between the Tengchong volcanic fault and the Yingjiang-Longchuan fault),both the crust and the lithosphere are uplifted.The lithosphere presents a dome shape obviously,caused by the extension and thinning of the lithosphere by the upwelling of the asthenosphere(or the uplift of mantle hot materials).
引文
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Li T D.2010.Principal characteristics of the lithosphere of China.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),17(3):1-13.
Li X Q,Yuan X H,Kind R.2007.The lithosphere-asthenosphereboundary beneath the western United States.GeophysicalJournal International,170(2):700-710.
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Chen P S,Liu F T,Li Q,et al.1990.Lateral inhomogeneity ofvelocity structure in Yunnan region.Science in China(SeriesB)(in Chinese),20(4):431-438.
Chen Y,Zhang Z J,Sun C Q,et al.2013.Crustal anisotropy fromMoho converted Ps wave splitting analysis and geodynamicimplications beneath the eastern margin of Tibet andsurrounding regions.Gondwana Research,24(3-4):946-957.
Cheng L L,Liang T,Zeng L,et al.2012.Mantle melting columnsoftware named Calmantle1.0and the preliminary discussionon the thickness variation of the Tengchong Cenozoiclithosphere.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),19(4):126-134.
Christensen N I,Fountain D M.1975.Constitution of the lowercontinental crust based on experimental studies of seismicvelocities in granulite.Geological Society America Bulletin,86(2):227-236.
Dueker K G,Sheehan A F.1997.Mantle discontinuity structureform midpoint stacks of converted P to S waves across theYellowstone hotspot track.Journal of Geophysical Research,102(B4):8313-8327.
Fountain D M,Christensen N I.1989.Composition of thecontinental crust and upper mantle;a review.GeophysicalFramework of the United States,172:711-742.
He C S,Wang C Y,Wu J P.2004a.S-wave velocity structureinferred from receiver function inversion in Tengchongvolcanic area.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),26(1):11-18.
He C S,Wang C Y,Wu J P.2004b.A study on deep structureusing teleseismic receiver function in Western Yunnan.ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),26(3):238-246.
Hu J F,Cong L L,Su Y J,et al.2003a.Distribution characteristicsof Qvalue of the Lg coda in Yunnan and its adjacent regions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),46(6):809-813,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2003.06.013.
Hu J F,Su Y J,Zhu X G,et al.2003b.S-wave velocity andPoisson′s ratio structure of crust in Yunnan and its implication.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),33(8):714-722.
Hu J F,Zhu X G,Xia J Y,et al.2005.Using surface wave andreceiver function to jointly inverse the crust-mantle velocitystructure in the West Yunnan area.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),48(5):1069-1076,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2005.05.013.
Hu J F,Xu X Q,Yang H Y,et al.2011.S receiver functionanalysis of the crustal and lithospheric structures beneatheastern Tibet.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,306(1-2):77-85.
Huangfu G,Jiang C S.2000.Study on Tengchong Volcanic Activity(in Chinese).Kunming:Yunnan Science and TechnologyPress.
Jepsen D C,Kennett B L N.1990.Three-component analysis ofregional seismograms.Bulletin of the Seismological Societyof America,80:2032-2052.
Jiang C S,Zhou R Q,Yao X Z.1998.Fault structure of Tengchongvolcano.Journal of Seismological Research(in Chinese),21(4):330-336.
Kan R J,Han Y.1992.Geoscience Transect from Zhefang toMalong,Yunnan(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press.
Kennett B L N,Engdahl E R.1991.Traveltimes for globalearthquake location and phase identification.GeophysicalJournal International,105(2):429-465.
Kumar P,Yuan X,Kind R,et al.2005a.The lithosphereasthenosphere boundary in the Tien Shan-Karakoram regionfrom S receiver functions:Evidence for continental subduction.Geophysical Research Letters,32(7):L07305.
Kumar P,Kind R,Hanka W,et al.2005b.The lithosphereasthenosphere boundary in the North-West Atlantic region.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,236(1-2):249-257.
Lei J S,Zhao D P,Su Y J.2009.Insight into the origin of theTengchong intraplate volcano and seismotectonics in southwestChina from local and teleseismic data.Journal of GeophysicalResearch,114(B5):B05302.
Li D M,Li Q,Chen W J.2000.Volcanic activities in theTengchong volcano area since Pliocene.Acta PetrologicaSinica(in Chinese),16(3):362-370.
Li T D.2010.Principal characteristics of the lithosphere of China.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),17(3):1-13.
Li X Q,Yuan X H,Kind R.2007.The lithosphere-asthenosphereboundary beneath the western United States.GeophysicalJournal International,170(2):700-710.
Li Y H,Wu Q J,Tian X B,et al.2009.Crustal structure in theYunnan region determined by modeling receiver functions.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),52(1):67-80.
Liu R F,Chen P S,Li Q.1993.Three-dimension velocity picturesin Yunnan and the surrounding regions.Acta SeismologicaSinica(in Chinese),15(1):61-67.
Qin J Z,Huangfu G,Li Q,et al.2000.3-D chromatography ofvelocity structure in Tengchong volcano areas and nearby.Journal Seismological Research(in Chinese),23(2):157-164.
Wang C Y,Huangfu G,Wan D B,et al.2000.Deep seismicsounding of crustal structure in Tengchong volcanic area.Journal of Seismological Research(in Chinese),23(2):148-156.
Wang C Y,Lou H,Wu J P,et al.2002.Seismological study on thecrustal structure of Tengchong volcano-geothermal area.ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),24(3):231-242.
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