多趋势融合的概率体约束方法及其在储层建模中的应用
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摘要
对于井数少且以地震资料为主的海上油田,虽然已经投入较长时间的开发,但是由于井间和油藏边部等缺少井控部位的认识程度偏低,会严重影响后续开发方案的实施。已有的建模约束方法不能解决模拟过程中面临的边界内部参数控制不到位、单一趋势考虑不全面、多个趋势难以同时整合的问题,在海上油田应用效果较差。针对上述问题,为了准确反映砂体和储层参数在空间的分布,提出了多趋势融合的概率体约束方法。以南海珠江口盆地W油田地质模型建立为例,综合应用地震、测井、地质和开发动态等资料,分别采用块克里金插值和基于位置的加权线性组合方法,整合多个类型和级次的趋势建立了离散变量和连续变量的概率体,并将其作为约束条件应用于沉积相和孔、渗参数的模拟过程。与常规建模约束方法相比,多趋势融合的概率体约束方法克服了边界约束建模的局限性和单一趋势约束建模的不足,达到了对多个趋势同时整合的目的,对落实相带边界和减小参数在井间分布的不确定性效果明显,具有良好的应用前景。
The offshore oilfields have been developed for a long time,which have a small number of wells and rich seismic data.However,the implementation of follow-up development plans will be seriously affected because of the less understanding of cross-well area and reservoir edge in lack of well control.The existing modeling constraint method cannot solve problems in the simulation process,such as inadequate control of inner-boundary parameters,incomprehensive considerations on sole trend and difficulties in simultaneously integrating multiple trends.Thus,this method has a poor application effect in offshore oilfields.In order to solve the above problems and accurately reflect the spatial distribution of sand body and reservoir parameters,this study proposes a probability constraint method based on multiple trend integration.Taking the geological modeling of Oilfield W in the South China Sea as a case,and using seismic,logging,geological and development dynamics data,Block Kriging interpolation and position-based weighted linear combination method was adopted to integrate multiple types and levels of trends,so as to establish the probability for discrete and continuous variables.Further,probability was used as a constraint applied in the simulation processes of sedimentary facies,porosity and permeability parameters.Compared with conventional modeling constraint method,the probability constraint method overcomes the limitation of boundary-controlled modeling and the deficiency of singletrend constraint modeling,so as to achieve simultaneous integration of multiple trends.Moreover,this method is most favorable for determination of the facies edge and reduction of uncertainty in cross-well distribution of parameters,showing agood application prospect.
The offshore oilfields have been developed for a long time,which have a small number of wells and rich seismic data.However,the implementation of follow-up development plans will be seriously affected because of the less understanding of cross-well area and reservoir edge in lack of well control.The existing modeling constraint method cannot solve problems in the simulation process,such as inadequate control of inner-boundary parameters,incomprehensive considerations on sole trend and difficulties in simultaneously integrating multiple trends.Thus,this method has a poor application effect in offshore oilfields.In order to solve the above problems and accurately reflect the spatial distribution of sand body and reservoir parameters,this study proposes a probability constraint method based on multiple trend integration.Taking the geological modeling of Oilfield W in the South China Sea as a case,and using seismic,logging,geological and development dynamics data,Block Kriging interpolation and position-based weighted linear combination method was adopted to integrate multiple types and levels of trends,so as to establish the probability for discrete and continuous variables.Further,probability was used as a constraint applied in the simulation processes of sedimentary facies,porosity and permeability parameters.Compared with conventional modeling constraint method,the probability constraint method overcomes the limitation of boundary-controlled modeling and the deficiency of singletrend constraint modeling,so as to achieve simultaneous integration of multiple trends.Moreover,this method is most favorable for determination of the facies edge and reduction of uncertainty in cross-well distribution of parameters,showing agood application prospect.
引文
[1]Deutsch C V,Tran T T.FLUVSIM:aprogram for object-based stochastic modeling of fluvial depositional systems[J].Computers&Geosciences,2002,28(4):525-535.
[2]Pyrcz M J,Boisvert J B,Deutsch C V.ALLUVSIM:A program for event-based stochastic modeling of fluvial depositional systems[J].Computers&Geosciences,2009,35(8):1671-1685.
[3]Deutsch C V.Geostatistical reservoir modeling[M].New York:Oxford University Press,2002.
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[5]尹艳树,张昌民,李少华,等.一种新的曲流河点坝侧积层建模方法[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):315-319.Yin Yanshu,Zhang Changmin,Li Shaohua,et al.A new stochastic modeling method for 3-D forecasting lateral accretion beddings of point bars in meandering rivers[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(2):315-319.
[6]李少华,刘显太,王军,等.基于沉积过程建模算法Alluvsim的改进[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):140-144.Li Shaohua,Liu Xiantai,Wang Jun,et al.Improvement of the Alluvsim algorithm modeling based on depositional processes[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(1):140-144.
[7]牛博,高兴军,赵应成,等.古辫状河心滩坝内部构型表征与建模——以大庆油田萨中密井网区为例[J].石油学报,2015,36(1):89-100.Niu Bo,Gao Xingjun,Zhao Yingcheng,et al.Architecture characterization and modeling of channel bar in paleo-braided river:a case study of dense well pattern area of Sazhong in Daqing oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(1):89-100.
[8]刘文岭.地震约束储层地质建模技术[J].石油学报,2008,29(1):64-68.Liu Wenling.Geological modeling technique for reservoir constrained by seismic data[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(1):64-68.
[9]陈恭洋,胡勇,周艳丽,等.地震波阻抗约束下的储层地质建模方法与实践[J].地学前缘,2012,19(2):67-73.Chen Gongyang,Hu Yong,Zhou Yanli,et al.Methods and practices of reservoir geologic modelling constrained by seismic impedance[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(2):67-73.
[10]吴胜和,张一伟,李恕军,等.提高储层随机建模精度的地质约束原则[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2001,25(1):55-58.Wu Shenghe,Zhang Yiwei,Li Shujun,el al.Geological contraint principles in reservoir stochastic modeling[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China,2001,25(1):55-58.
[11]任殿星,李凡华,李保柱.多条件约束油藏地质建模技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(2):205-214.Ren Dianxing,Li Fanhua,Li Baozhu.Geomodeling technology under multifactor control[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(2):205-214.
[12]吴胜和.储层表征与建模[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2010:379-380.Wu Shenghe.Reservoir characterization&modeling[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2010:379-380.
[13]计秉玉,赵国忠,王曙光,等.沉积相控制油藏地质建模技术[J].石油学报,2006,27(增刊):111-114.Ji Bingyu,Zhao Guozhong,Wang Shuguang,et al.Geologic modeling technique of oil reservoir based on sedimentary facies control[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(Supplement):111-114.
[14]张淑娟,邵龙义,宋杰,等.相控建模技术在阿南油田阿11断块中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(3):355-361.Zhang Shujuan,Shao Longyi,Song Jie,et al.Application of facies-controlled modeling technology to the fault-block A11 in A’nan Oilfield[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(3):355-361.
[15]于兴河,陈建阳,张志杰,等.油气储层相控随机建模技术的约束方法[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):237-244.Yu Xinghe,Chen Jianyang,Zhang Zhijie,et al.Stochastic modeling for characteristics of petroleum reservoir constrained by facies[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(3):237-244.
[16]Falivene O,Arbués P,Howell J,et al.Hierarchical geocellular facies modelling of a turbidite reservoir analogue from the Eocene of the Ainsa Basin,NE Spain[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2006,23(6):679-701.
[17]Deutsch C V,Wang Libing.Hierarchical object-based stochastic modeling of fluvial reservoirs[J].Mathematical Geology,1996,28(7):857-880.
[18]Yao Tingting,Chopra A.Integration of seismic attribute map into 3D facies modeling[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2000,27(1/2):69-84.
[19]Calvert C,Foreman L,Yao Tingting,et al.Spectral component geologic modeling:a novel approach for integrating seismic data into geologic models[J].The Leading Edge,2004,23(5),466-470.
[20]雷利安,徐美茹,曹学良,等.带趋势序贯指示模拟方法在东濮凹陷薄砂岩储层预测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(1):92-96.Lei Li-an,Xu Meiru,Cao Xueliang,et al.Application of sequential indicator simulation with a trend to predict thin-bedded sandstone reservoirin Dongpu sag[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(1):92-96.
[21]霍春亮,古莉,赵春明,等.基于地震、测井和地质综合一体化的储层精细建模[J].石油学报,2007,28(6):66-71.Huo Chunliang,Gu Li,Zhao Chunming,et al.Integrated reservoir geological modeling based on seismic,log and geological data[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(6):66-71.
[22]徐安娜,董月霞,韩大匡,等.地震、测井和地质综合一体化油藏描述与评价—以南堡1号构造东营组一段油藏为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(5):541-551.Xu Anna,Dong Yuexia,Han Dakuang,et al.Integrated description and evaluation of reservoirs based on seismic,logging and geological data:taking Dongying Formation Member 1 oil reservoir of No.1 structure,Nanpu sag as an example[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(5):541-551.
[23]陈建阳,田昌炳,周新茂,等.融合多种地震属性的沉积微相研究与储层建模[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(1):98-102.Chen Jianyang,Tian Changbing,Zhou Xinmao,et al.Sedimentary microfacies studies and reservoir modeling by integration of multiple seismic attributes[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(1):98-102.
[24]胡向阳,袁向春,侯加根,等.多尺度岩溶相控碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏储集体建模方法[J].石油学报,2014,35(2):340-346.Hu Xiangyang,Yuan Xiangchun,Hou Jiagen,et al.Modeling method of carbonate fractured-cavity reservoirs using multiscale karst facies-controlling[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(2):340-346.
[25]陈更新,赵凡,曹正林,等.地震反演、地质协同约束储层精细建模研究[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(11):1839-1846.Chen Gengxin,Zhao Fan,Cao Zhenglin,et al.Integrated reservoir modeling based on seismic inversion and geological data[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(11):1839-1846.
[26]袁新涛.基于井距分布的多类资料整合砂体建模[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007,36(5):669-674.Yuan Xintao.A method of sand body modeling integrating various data based on different well spacing[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2007,36(5):669-674.
[27]Orellana N,Cavero J,Yemez I,et al.Influence of variograms in3D reservoir-modeling outcomes:an example[J].The Leading Edge,2014,33(8):890-902.
[2]Pyrcz M J,Boisvert J B,Deutsch C V.ALLUVSIM:A program for event-based stochastic modeling of fluvial depositional systems[J].Computers&Geosciences,2009,35(8):1671-1685.
[3]Deutsch C V.Geostatistical reservoir modeling[M].New York:Oxford University Press,2002.
[4]林承焰,侯加根,侯连华,等.油气储层三维定量地质建模方法和配套技术[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,1996,20(4):20-25.Lin Chengyan,Hou Jiagen,Hou Lianhua,et al.Development of the 3-D quantitative geological modeling techniques for oil-gas reservoir[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China,1996,20(4):20-25.
[5]尹艳树,张昌民,李少华,等.一种新的曲流河点坝侧积层建模方法[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):315-319.Yin Yanshu,Zhang Changmin,Li Shaohua,et al.A new stochastic modeling method for 3-D forecasting lateral accretion beddings of point bars in meandering rivers[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(2):315-319.
[6]李少华,刘显太,王军,等.基于沉积过程建模算法Alluvsim的改进[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):140-144.Li Shaohua,Liu Xiantai,Wang Jun,et al.Improvement of the Alluvsim algorithm modeling based on depositional processes[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(1):140-144.
[7]牛博,高兴军,赵应成,等.古辫状河心滩坝内部构型表征与建模——以大庆油田萨中密井网区为例[J].石油学报,2015,36(1):89-100.Niu Bo,Gao Xingjun,Zhao Yingcheng,et al.Architecture characterization and modeling of channel bar in paleo-braided river:a case study of dense well pattern area of Sazhong in Daqing oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(1):89-100.
[8]刘文岭.地震约束储层地质建模技术[J].石油学报,2008,29(1):64-68.Liu Wenling.Geological modeling technique for reservoir constrained by seismic data[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(1):64-68.
[9]陈恭洋,胡勇,周艳丽,等.地震波阻抗约束下的储层地质建模方法与实践[J].地学前缘,2012,19(2):67-73.Chen Gongyang,Hu Yong,Zhou Yanli,et al.Methods and practices of reservoir geologic modelling constrained by seismic impedance[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(2):67-73.
[10]吴胜和,张一伟,李恕军,等.提高储层随机建模精度的地质约束原则[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2001,25(1):55-58.Wu Shenghe,Zhang Yiwei,Li Shujun,el al.Geological contraint principles in reservoir stochastic modeling[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China,2001,25(1):55-58.
[11]任殿星,李凡华,李保柱.多条件约束油藏地质建模技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(2):205-214.Ren Dianxing,Li Fanhua,Li Baozhu.Geomodeling technology under multifactor control[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(2):205-214.
[12]吴胜和.储层表征与建模[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2010:379-380.Wu Shenghe.Reservoir characterization&modeling[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2010:379-380.
[13]计秉玉,赵国忠,王曙光,等.沉积相控制油藏地质建模技术[J].石油学报,2006,27(增刊):111-114.Ji Bingyu,Zhao Guozhong,Wang Shuguang,et al.Geologic modeling technique of oil reservoir based on sedimentary facies control[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(Supplement):111-114.
[14]张淑娟,邵龙义,宋杰,等.相控建模技术在阿南油田阿11断块中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(3):355-361.Zhang Shujuan,Shao Longyi,Song Jie,et al.Application of facies-controlled modeling technology to the fault-block A11 in A’nan Oilfield[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(3):355-361.
[15]于兴河,陈建阳,张志杰,等.油气储层相控随机建模技术的约束方法[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):237-244.Yu Xinghe,Chen Jianyang,Zhang Zhijie,et al.Stochastic modeling for characteristics of petroleum reservoir constrained by facies[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(3):237-244.
[16]Falivene O,Arbués P,Howell J,et al.Hierarchical geocellular facies modelling of a turbidite reservoir analogue from the Eocene of the Ainsa Basin,NE Spain[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2006,23(6):679-701.
[17]Deutsch C V,Wang Libing.Hierarchical object-based stochastic modeling of fluvial reservoirs[J].Mathematical Geology,1996,28(7):857-880.
[18]Yao Tingting,Chopra A.Integration of seismic attribute map into 3D facies modeling[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2000,27(1/2):69-84.
[19]Calvert C,Foreman L,Yao Tingting,et al.Spectral component geologic modeling:a novel approach for integrating seismic data into geologic models[J].The Leading Edge,2004,23(5),466-470.
[20]雷利安,徐美茹,曹学良,等.带趋势序贯指示模拟方法在东濮凹陷薄砂岩储层预测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(1):92-96.Lei Li-an,Xu Meiru,Cao Xueliang,et al.Application of sequential indicator simulation with a trend to predict thin-bedded sandstone reservoirin Dongpu sag[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(1):92-96.
[21]霍春亮,古莉,赵春明,等.基于地震、测井和地质综合一体化的储层精细建模[J].石油学报,2007,28(6):66-71.Huo Chunliang,Gu Li,Zhao Chunming,et al.Integrated reservoir geological modeling based on seismic,log and geological data[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(6):66-71.
[22]徐安娜,董月霞,韩大匡,等.地震、测井和地质综合一体化油藏描述与评价—以南堡1号构造东营组一段油藏为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(5):541-551.Xu Anna,Dong Yuexia,Han Dakuang,et al.Integrated description and evaluation of reservoirs based on seismic,logging and geological data:taking Dongying Formation Member 1 oil reservoir of No.1 structure,Nanpu sag as an example[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(5):541-551.
[23]陈建阳,田昌炳,周新茂,等.融合多种地震属性的沉积微相研究与储层建模[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(1):98-102.Chen Jianyang,Tian Changbing,Zhou Xinmao,et al.Sedimentary microfacies studies and reservoir modeling by integration of multiple seismic attributes[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(1):98-102.
[24]胡向阳,袁向春,侯加根,等.多尺度岩溶相控碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏储集体建模方法[J].石油学报,2014,35(2):340-346.Hu Xiangyang,Yuan Xiangchun,Hou Jiagen,et al.Modeling method of carbonate fractured-cavity reservoirs using multiscale karst facies-controlling[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(2):340-346.
[25]陈更新,赵凡,曹正林,等.地震反演、地质协同约束储层精细建模研究[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(11):1839-1846.Chen Gengxin,Zhao Fan,Cao Zhenglin,et al.Integrated reservoir modeling based on seismic inversion and geological data[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(11):1839-1846.
[26]袁新涛.基于井距分布的多类资料整合砂体建模[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007,36(5):669-674.Yuan Xintao.A method of sand body modeling integrating various data based on different well spacing[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2007,36(5):669-674.
[27]Orellana N,Cavero J,Yemez I,et al.Influence of variograms in3D reservoir-modeling outcomes:an example[J].The Leading Edge,2014,33(8):890-902.
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