塔里木盆地巴楚—麦盖提地区前寒武系不整合对基底古隆起及其演化的启示
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摘要
通过巴楚—麦盖提地区(巴麦地区)钻井和地震资料的详细分析,结合前寒武纪区域构造、沉积演化,将前寒武系顶面不整合划分为角度不整合、非整合、超覆不整合和平行不整合,这4类不整合分别揭示了裂谷、基底隆起、隆起斜坡和沉积坳陷等。进一步分析了不整合在平面上的分布特征,表明具有从非整合、超覆不整合向整合逐级过渡的分布规律。认为基底古隆起北缘以吐木休克断裂一带为界,南缘可能以铁克里克地区为界,其中基底古隆起的主体位于麦盖提地区和巴楚地区南缘,基底隆起的构造斜坡位于现今塔里木西南坳陷区、巴楚地区北部。基底古隆起演化上可分为前寒武纪平缓古陆阶段、前寒武纪末隆升加强阶段和早—中寒武世沉降埋藏阶段。总体上古隆起在前寒武纪具有南缓北陡特征,早—中寒武世具有南陡北缓特征,分别控制了南华纪—震旦纪和早—中寒武世地层发育和分布。
An unconformity analysis method is provided to study the basement paleo-uplift of Bachu-Markit area,Tarim basin. On the basis of regional tectonic and sedimentary evolution of previous research,we divided the Precambrian top surface to angle unconformity,nonconformity,overlap unconformity and parallel unconformity through the recognition of well data and seismic data. The four types of unconformity reflect rift,basement paleo-uplift,slope and depression,respectively. Furthermore,the distribution of unconformity has a gradual transition pattern,which is arrangement from nonconformity,overlap unconformity to conformity. We consider that the north boundary of basement paleo-uplift is Tumuxiuke fault zone and that the south boundary is possibly Tiekelike zone. Therefore,it could be affirmed that the main part of paleo-uplift is located in Markit area and the southern Bachu area; that the slope of paleo-uplift is distributed in present southwestern Tarim depressionand the northern Bachu area. The tectonic evolution of basement paleo-uplift can be divided into 3 stages,which are gentle Precambrian archicontinent stage,final Precambrian uplifting stage and Early-Middle Cambrian subsidence stage. As a whole,the paleo-uplift is gentle at the south and steep at the north in Precambrian;while it is contrary in Early-Middle Cambrian,which controls the strata development and distribution of Nanhuaian-Sinian and Early-Middle Cambrian.
An unconformity analysis method is provided to study the basement paleo-uplift of Bachu-Markit area,Tarim basin. On the basis of regional tectonic and sedimentary evolution of previous research,we divided the Precambrian top surface to angle unconformity,nonconformity,overlap unconformity and parallel unconformity through the recognition of well data and seismic data. The four types of unconformity reflect rift,basement paleo-uplift,slope and depression,respectively. Furthermore,the distribution of unconformity has a gradual transition pattern,which is arrangement from nonconformity,overlap unconformity to conformity. We consider that the north boundary of basement paleo-uplift is Tumuxiuke fault zone and that the south boundary is possibly Tiekelike zone. Therefore,it could be affirmed that the main part of paleo-uplift is located in Markit area and the southern Bachu area; that the slope of paleo-uplift is distributed in present southwestern Tarim depressionand the northern Bachu area. The tectonic evolution of basement paleo-uplift can be divided into 3 stages,which are gentle Precambrian archicontinent stage,final Precambrian uplifting stage and Early-Middle Cambrian subsidence stage. As a whole,the paleo-uplift is gentle at the south and steep at the north in Precambrian;while it is contrary in Early-Middle Cambrian,which controls the strata development and distribution of Nanhuaian-Sinian and Early-Middle Cambrian.
引文
[1]吕海涛,张仲培,邵志兵,等.塔里木盆地巴楚—麦盖提地区早古生代古隆起的演化及其勘探意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(1):76-85.
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[11]杨树锋,陈汉林,董传万,等.塔里木盆地西北缘晚震旦世玄武岩地球化学特征及大地构造背景[J].浙江大学学报:自然科学版,1998,32(6):105-112.
[12]王毅.塔里木盆地震旦系—中泥盆统层序地层分析[J].沉积学报,1999,17(3):414-421.
[13]李德伦,张大权.塔里木盆地北部坳陷震旦纪—奥陶纪大陆裂谷性质及其演化[J].长春科技大学学报,2001,31(2):136-141.
[14]谢晓安,卢华复,吴奇之,等.塔里木盆地深部构造与震旦纪裂谷[J].南京大学学报:自然科学版,1996,32(4):176-181.
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[17]曲永强,孟庆任,马收先,等.华北地块北缘中元古界几个重要不整合面的地质特征及构造意义[J].地学前缘,2010,17(4):112-127.
[18]王亮,肖安成,巩庆霖,等.柴达木盆地西部中新统内部的角度不整合及其大地构造意义[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(11):1582-1590.
[19]李勇,苏德辰,董顺利,等.龙门山前陆盆地底部不整合面:被动大陆边缘到前陆盆地的转换[J].岩石学报,2011,27(8):2413-2422.
[20]何碧竹,焦存礼,许志琴,等.不整合结构构造与构造古地理环境:以加里东中期青藏高原北缘及塔里木盆地为例[J].岩石学报,2013,29(6):2184-2198.
[21]郭召杰,张志诚,贾承造,等.塔里木克拉通前寒武纪基底构造格架[J].中国科学:地球科学,2000,30(6):568-575.
[22]贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:29-92.
[23]邬光辉,李浩武,徐彦龙,等.塔里木克拉通基底古隆起构造-热事件及其结构与演化[J].岩石学报,2012,28(8):2435-2452.
[24]郭东升,邬光辉,张承泽,等.塔里木盆地基底碎屑锆石定年的证据[J].西南石油大学学报,2008,30(5):6-10.
[25]徐鸣洁,王良书,钟锴,等.塔里木盆地重磁场特征与基底结构分析[J].高校地质学报,2005,11(4):585-592.
[26]张耀荣.塔里木盆地背景磁场特征与古基底结构及其油气远景的探讨[J].新疆石油地质,1984,2(4):12-18.
[27]杨鑫,徐旭辉,钱一雄,等.塔里木盆地基底组成的区域差异性探讨[J].大地构造与成矿学,2014,38(3):544-556.
[28]于常青,赵殿栋,杨文采.塔里木盆地结晶基底的反射地震调查[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(9):2925-2938.
[29]周肖贝,李江海,傅臣建,等.塔里木盆地北缘南华纪—寒武纪构造背景及构造-沉积事件探讨[J].中国地质,2012,39(4):900-911.
[30]张增耀,杨松岭,赵秀岐.塔里木盆地盆内震旦系特征[J].海相油气地质,2007,12(2):51-56.
[31]李文山,李江海,周肖贝,等.塔里木盆地中央高磁异常带成因:来自地震反射剖面的新证据[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2014,41(2):281-287.
[32]何金有,邬光辉,李启明,等.塔里木盆地震旦系石油地质特征及勘探方向[J].新疆石油地质,2010,31(5):482-484.
[33]Turner S A.Sedimentary record of Late Neoproterozoic rifting in the NW Tarim Basin,China[J].Precambrian Research,2010,181(1/4):85-96.
[34]王杰琼,刘波,罗平,等.塔里木盆地西北缘震旦系混积岩类型及成因[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2014,41(3):339-346.
[35]杨云坤,石开波,刘波,等.塔里木盆地西北缘震旦纪构造-沉积演化特征[J].地质科学,2014,49(1):19-29.
[36]杜小弟,王璞珺,匡立春,等.塔里木盆地震旦—泥盆纪古海平面变化再造及形成机理分析[J].沉积学报,1997,15(3):16-19.
[37]宋立勋,刘万祥.塔里木地台震旦纪古地理概貌[J].新疆石油地质,1990,11(3):199-203.
[2]张仲培,刘士林,杨子玉,等.塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡构造演化及油气地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(6):909-920.
[3]丁文龙,林畅松,漆立新,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起构造格架及形成演化[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):242-251.
[4]王爱国,张传林,赵宇,等.塔里木西南缘南华系下部沉积作用及其构造意义[J].地层学杂志,2004,28(3):58-66.
[5]Li Z X,Bogdanova S V,Collins A S,et al.Assembly,configuration,and break-up history of Rodinia:a synthesis[J].Precambrian Research,2008,160(1):179-210.
[6]宗文明,高林志,丁效忠,等.塔里木盆地西南缘南华纪冰碛岩特征与地层对比[J].中国地质,2010,37(4):1183-1190.
[7]邬光辉,孙建华,郭群英,等.塔里木盆地碎屑锆石年龄分布对前寒武纪基底的指示[J].地球学报,2010,31(1):65-72.
[8]张传林,李怀坤,王洪燕.塔里木地块前寒武纪地质研究进展评述[J].地质论评,2012,58(5):923-936.
[9]王宜昌,杨辉,王小牧,等.塔克拉玛干前震旦纪古裂谷及其含油气远景[J].新疆石油地质,1994,15(3):191-200.
[10]汪新文,陈发景.塔北—南天山地区震旦—奥陶纪盆-山构造演化及其与油气关系[J].现代地质,1997,11(3):54-62.
[11]杨树锋,陈汉林,董传万,等.塔里木盆地西北缘晚震旦世玄武岩地球化学特征及大地构造背景[J].浙江大学学报:自然科学版,1998,32(6):105-112.
[12]王毅.塔里木盆地震旦系—中泥盆统层序地层分析[J].沉积学报,1999,17(3):414-421.
[13]李德伦,张大权.塔里木盆地北部坳陷震旦纪—奥陶纪大陆裂谷性质及其演化[J].长春科技大学学报,2001,31(2):136-141.
[14]谢晓安,卢华复,吴奇之,等.塔里木盆地深部构造与震旦纪裂谷[J].南京大学学报:自然科学版,1996,32(4):176-181.
[15]程日辉,林畅松,刘景彦.盆地研究中不整合成因分析[J].世界地质,1998,17(3):23-27.
[16]陈发景,张光亚,陈昭年.不整合分析及其在陆相盆地构造研究中的意义[J].现代地质,2004,18(3):269-275.
[17]曲永强,孟庆任,马收先,等.华北地块北缘中元古界几个重要不整合面的地质特征及构造意义[J].地学前缘,2010,17(4):112-127.
[18]王亮,肖安成,巩庆霖,等.柴达木盆地西部中新统内部的角度不整合及其大地构造意义[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(11):1582-1590.
[19]李勇,苏德辰,董顺利,等.龙门山前陆盆地底部不整合面:被动大陆边缘到前陆盆地的转换[J].岩石学报,2011,27(8):2413-2422.
[20]何碧竹,焦存礼,许志琴,等.不整合结构构造与构造古地理环境:以加里东中期青藏高原北缘及塔里木盆地为例[J].岩石学报,2013,29(6):2184-2198.
[21]郭召杰,张志诚,贾承造,等.塔里木克拉通前寒武纪基底构造格架[J].中国科学:地球科学,2000,30(6):568-575.
[22]贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:29-92.
[23]邬光辉,李浩武,徐彦龙,等.塔里木克拉通基底古隆起构造-热事件及其结构与演化[J].岩石学报,2012,28(8):2435-2452.
[24]郭东升,邬光辉,张承泽,等.塔里木盆地基底碎屑锆石定年的证据[J].西南石油大学学报,2008,30(5):6-10.
[25]徐鸣洁,王良书,钟锴,等.塔里木盆地重磁场特征与基底结构分析[J].高校地质学报,2005,11(4):585-592.
[26]张耀荣.塔里木盆地背景磁场特征与古基底结构及其油气远景的探讨[J].新疆石油地质,1984,2(4):12-18.
[27]杨鑫,徐旭辉,钱一雄,等.塔里木盆地基底组成的区域差异性探讨[J].大地构造与成矿学,2014,38(3):544-556.
[28]于常青,赵殿栋,杨文采.塔里木盆地结晶基底的反射地震调查[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(9):2925-2938.
[29]周肖贝,李江海,傅臣建,等.塔里木盆地北缘南华纪—寒武纪构造背景及构造-沉积事件探讨[J].中国地质,2012,39(4):900-911.
[30]张增耀,杨松岭,赵秀岐.塔里木盆地盆内震旦系特征[J].海相油气地质,2007,12(2):51-56.
[31]李文山,李江海,周肖贝,等.塔里木盆地中央高磁异常带成因:来自地震反射剖面的新证据[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2014,41(2):281-287.
[32]何金有,邬光辉,李启明,等.塔里木盆地震旦系石油地质特征及勘探方向[J].新疆石油地质,2010,31(5):482-484.
[33]Turner S A.Sedimentary record of Late Neoproterozoic rifting in the NW Tarim Basin,China[J].Precambrian Research,2010,181(1/4):85-96.
[34]王杰琼,刘波,罗平,等.塔里木盆地西北缘震旦系混积岩类型及成因[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2014,41(3):339-346.
[35]杨云坤,石开波,刘波,等.塔里木盆地西北缘震旦纪构造-沉积演化特征[J].地质科学,2014,49(1):19-29.
[36]杜小弟,王璞珺,匡立春,等.塔里木盆地震旦—泥盆纪古海平面变化再造及形成机理分析[J].沉积学报,1997,15(3):16-19.
[37]宋立勋,刘万祥.塔里木地台震旦纪古地理概貌[J].新疆石油地质,1990,11(3):199-203.
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